scholarly journals Prevalence of neoplasia in solitary and multiple esophago-gastrointestinal polyps: 5 years retrospective histopathological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hamdi Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Study ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Tubular Adenoma ◽  
Histologic Type ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Histopathologic Features

The increasing use of endoscopy has led to more discernable abnormalities in the stomach, including polyps. Gastric polyps encompass a spectrum of pathologic conditions that can vary in histology, neoplastic potential, and management. Despite their high prevalence, there is a paucity of literature to support management and treatment decisions for endoscopists. The goal of this review is to summarize clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic features of various polyps, review syndromes associated with such polyps and provide management recommendations. The present study was carried out for analyzing and comparing the prevalence of neoplasia in polyps (Solitary and multiple) removed endoscopically from the esophagus, stomach, and bowel undergoing screening. Five years retrospective study was done on patients who underwent endoscopy procedures including Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and colonoscopy between June 2015 and March 2019 in Faruk Medical City Hospital, Sulaimani City. Age and sex of patients, site of occurrence, number of polyps (solitary or multiple), and polyps' histologic type of 369 cases were analyzed in this study. Regarding solitary polyps, out of 279 polyps, 155 were neoplastic (55%) and 124 were non-neoplastic polyps, while multiple polyps, out of a total of 90 cases, 68 were neoplastic (75%) and 22 were non-neoplastic. More than 78% of patients were above the age of 40 years. Tubular adenoma was the most commonly diagnosed polyp. Large bowel was the most commonly involved site and left-sided polyps outnumbered right-sided ones with the sigmoid colon being the most commonly involved site. Screening programs including endoscopy, especially the colon for detecting polyps and particularly the colorectal region can be helpful to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Incidence of Congenital Phenylketonuria in 59 Countries: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Nastaran Mojibi ◽  
◽  
Shabnam Ghazanfari-Sarabi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Shed Light

Context: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of metabolism, in which newborns cannot metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Increased phenylalanine in untreated patients with PKU can cause serious intellectual disability; its onerous financial burden also falls on societies. This review study aimed to systematically indicate the frequency of PKU worldwide. We also intended to highlight the global prevalence of PKU, which might shed light on better clinical management and screening programs. Methods: In this systematic review, two electronic databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for the related literature using relevant keywords: “Phenylketonuria” or “PKU” and “Prevalence” or “Incidence” and “Iran” or “Middle East” or “Europe” or “America” or “Asia.” Accordingly, 4306 reports conducted on PKU from January 2007 to December 2018 were retrieved. With the removal of 44 duplicated publications, 44 reports were included in the current systematic review. Prevalence and incidence rates were categorized based on different continents in which nations used various NBS programs to report the incidence and prevalence of PKU. Non-English, non-eligible, duplicated, animal, and in vitro studies are excluded. Results: Based on the reported quantitative data, the prevalence of PKU diagnosed worldwide ranged from 0.00044% to 0.02736% in which Italy possessed the highest prevalence; however, Thailand manifested the lowest prevalence rate. However, for some countries, such as India or Finland, either the related data to the frequency of PKU was outdated or overlooked applying any newborn screening programs respecting PKU. Conclusions: The current study revealed an elevated prevalence of PKU in Iran, compared with other Asian countries; thus, it demands a more serious management program. Moreover, the high prevalence of PKU in European countries should not be underestimated.

scholarly journals Frequency of Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Astrovirus among Patients with Acute Diarrhea by Chromatographic Immunoassay and Enzyme

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Arwa Mujahid Abdullah Al-Shuwaikh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Settings ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Infant And Young Children ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Age Range

Diarrhea is a major cause of illness and death in children worldwide; however, little information exists about the origin of childhood diarrhea in Iraq. Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Astrovirus are the major causes of sever gastroenteritis in infant and young children, pattern also observed in adult. Confirmation of viral infection by laboratory testing is necessary for reliable surveillance and can be useful in clinical settings to avoid inappropriate use of antimicrobial therapy. Methods: A total of 188 patients their age range from 1-19 (Mean=5.57 ± S.D. = 4.81) years old suffering from diarrhea were included in this study. Stool samples were collected and tested for Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Astrovirus antigens by using the rapid chromatographic test and for Rotavirus and Adenovirus Antigens, ELISA also was done. Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Astrovirus antigens were determined by rapid chromatographic immunoassay in 27 specimens (14.36%), 0 (0%) and 0 (0%) of 188 frozen stool specimens, respectively. Moreover, of these 188 specimens, Rotavirus was found in 35 specimens (18.62%) and Adenovirus in 6 specimens (3.19 %) by using ELISA technique. The present results revealed that Rotaviruses and Adenoviruses have an important role in diarrhea among children especially those less than 5 year’s old and viral pathogens should be investigated routinely in diarrhea stool specimens. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Astrovirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis admitted to Al-Emamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Latin America: Current and Future Trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Flair Jose Carrilho ◽  
Denise Cerqueira Paranaguá-Vezozzo ◽  
Aline Lopes Chagas ◽  
Regiane Saraiva de Souza Melo Alencar ◽  
Leonardo Gomes da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Screening Coverage ◽  
Current Scenario

AbstractOver 38,000 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are estimated to occur in Latin America annually. The region is characterized by sociocultural heterogeneity and economic disparities, which impose barriers in addressing this major health issue. A significant proportion of patients are still diagnosed in the later stages of the disease, although efforts to implement effective screening programs have been reported by referral centers. While viral hepatitis remains the predominant etiology of liver disease among HCC cases in Latin America, a high prevalence of fatty liver disease in the region is a matter of concern, reflecting the current scenario in many Western countries. In addition, other risk factors such as alcohol, aflatoxin, and early-onset HCC in hepatitis B virus infection contribute to the burden of HCC in Latin America. Interventions to increase screening coverage, expand healthcare access, and implement continuing medical training are key challenges to be overcome.

Tracheostomy Timing in Adult Patients with Head Injury at King Abdulaziz Medical City Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Cross Sectional- Retrospective Study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Farhan Alenazi ◽  
Prachi Dilip Tambur ◽  
Noora Nabeel Mumenah ◽  
Haya Hendi Alqahtani ◽  
Rawan Abdulrazaq Alenazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
P Value ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Hospital Stays

Introduction: Tracheostomy is one of the most common procedures that done to critical patients such as head injury ones to improve their situation. It is done by creating an anterior stoma in the neck and inserting a short tube to maintain stoma open. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there were benefits of early tracheostomy and the following components: ICU stay, hospital stay, ventilation- associated-pneumonia, weaning from Mechanical Ventilator, Glasgow Coma Scale, and decannulation. Methods: This study was done retrospectively, and non-random sampling involved 56 head injury patients with a tracheostomy who were admitted to ICU in King Abdulaziz medical city (KAMC). Out of 56 head injury patients who underwent an early tracheostomy (≤12 days) were 25 patients and late tracheotomy (>12 days) were 31 patients. Using data collection form which contains demographic data, intubation duration, tracheostomy, decannulation, MV, Glasgow coma scale, VAP, ICU, and hospital stay. Results: Total of 56 head injury patients with tracheostomy; their age ranges from 18-80 years with the mean 41.77years, height 168.95cm, and weighs 69.07kg. Head injury patient in this paper was classified according to the day that was done the procedure on after the injury occurred. Which result in 25 patients had early tracheostomy ≤12 days with a mean of (9.8 days) and median (10), whereas 31 patients had late tracheostomy >12 with mean of (17.677 days) and median (16).Patients with early tracheostomy showed significant (P-value <0.05) less length stay in ICU (22.68 days), MV duration (15.16 days), decannulation (27.80 days) compared with late trach ICU stay (33.10 days), MV duration (28.10 days), decannulation (47.03 days). VAP incidence among patients with a late trach was 12.90% and there were no VAP with an early trach. The median in early tracheostomy patients did not show any improvement in GCS (6 before trach,7 after trach) while in the late trach (7 before thrach,8 after trach). The hospital stays showed an insignificant p-value which means there were no differences between the early and late tracheostomy.  Conclusion: Early tracheostomy for head injury patients associated with less MV time, less VAP, shorter ICU stay, and faster decannulation. However, there was no significant effect on hospital stays period and no improvements on GCS.

scholarly journals BRCAGenetic Screening in Middle Eastern and North African: Mutational Spectrum and FounderBRCA1Mutation (c.798_799delTT) in North African

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelilah Laraqui ◽  
Nancy Uhrhammer ◽  
Hicham EL Rhaffouli ◽  
Yassine Sekhsokh ◽  
Idriss Lahlou-Amine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
North African ◽  
Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Frequent Mutations ◽  
History Of ◽  
African Families ◽  
Founder Allele

Background. The contribution ofBRCA1mutations to both hereditary and sporadic breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) has not yet been thoroughly investigated in MENA.Methods. To establish the knowledge aboutBRCA1mutations and their correlation with the clinical aspect in diagnosed cases of HBOC in MENA populations. A systematic review of studies examiningBRCA1in BC women in Cyprus, Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia was conducted.Results. Thirteen relevant references were identified, including ten studies which performed DNA sequencing of allBRCA1exons. For the latter, 31 mutations were detected in 57 of the 547 patients ascertained. Familial history of BC was present in 388 (71%) patients, of whom 50 were mutation carriers. c.798_799delTT was identified in 11 North African families, accounting for 22% of total identifiedBRCA1mutations, suggesting a founder allele. A broad spectrum of other mutations including c.68_69delAG, c.181T>G, c.5095C>T, and c.5266dupC, as well as sequence of unclassified variants and polymorphisms, was also detected.Conclusion. The knowledge of genetic structure ofBRCA1in MENA should contribute to the assessment of the necessity of preventive programs for mutation carriers and clinical management. The high prevalence of BC and the presence of frequent mutations of theBRCA1gene emphasize the need for improving screening programs and individual testing/counseling.

scholarly journals Incidence of Salivary gland stone as a main cause of sialoadenitis a clinical study was done on a sample of 22 Iraqi patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Salivary Calculi ◽  
Major Teaching ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Range

Background: sialolithiasis remains an entity carrying a significant morbidity. This study covers the current principles guiding the surgical management of sialolithiasis in Iraqi sample including diagnostic tools, interventional options, surgical techniques and their outcomes. Materials and Methods: A clinical study of 22 cases with salivary gland stones were collected from two major teaching and referral hospital in Baghdad “Medical city, hospital of surgical specialities” and “Al-Kinidy hospital, maxillofacial department” from 2010-2015 Results: The study population composed of 22 cases. The age range was from 10-70 year with average of 40 years. The females were 7 cases (31.81%) and males were15 (68.18%). The majority of cases were submandibular gland 16 cases (72.72%) followed by sublingual gland 5 cases (22.72%) and the parotid gland (4.54%). The presence of stone was similar on both sides. The surgical approach was applied by removal of stone in 11 cases and removal of gland in 11 cases. Conclusion: Salivary calculi are common cause of salivary gland disorder. Sialography is an important tool for assessment of salivary gland obstruction in patients presenting with It should be done after the acute symptoms are subsided. Success is measured by treatment that is efficient, clinically effective and glad sparing.

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