scholarly journals Investigation on prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis among primary school children

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-389
Author(s):  
Ahmed Akil Khudhair AL-Daoody ◽  
Asmaa Khalis Mohammed ◽  
Hawri Hawar Mohammed Jabbary ◽  
Fattma A. Ali ◽  
Hanifa Abdulkareem Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Pediculus Humanus

Pediculosis is an integumentary disease caused by the ecto-parasite Pediculus humanus capitis, which infests human hair. It is a common public health problem that is most prominent worldwide in elementary school children. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of P. humanus capitis among primary school children in the Erbil province. For this purpose, this study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019 among 1100 randomly selected elementary school children aged 6-12. Data collection was performed via a regular questionnaire and physical hair examination. For the genetic diversity part, after collecting one louse randomly from each individual, DNA was extracted. The mitochondrial Cox1 gene was then amplified by universal primer and PCR. Gene sequencing was performed by ABI (BioNEER, South Korea). Data analysis was done by Chi-Square and T-test using the SPSS ver. 23. The overall infestation rate was 21.27%, and the rate was significantly higher among females (34.93%) compared to males (7.91%). Some variables had found the prevalence rate to be strongly affected. This included age; the rate was not significant (26.87%) in the age group 8-9 years compared to other age groups. According to hair length, the rate was significantly increased (36.52%) among children with tall hair. In terms of hair type, the incidence of curly-haired children was significantly higher (31.54%); in terms of hair color, there were not significant differences among blonde children (25.90%) and others. According to the results of Cox1 gene sequencing, of 234 infested children to lice, 86 (36.75%) of them were exposed to clade A, 38 (16.24%) were exposed to clade B, clade C has not been seen among any children (0%), 105 students (44.87%) were exposed to clade D, and 5 of them exposed to clade E (2.14%). Eventually, a significantly higher incidence (33.78%) was reported in rural primary school children. The infection rate of human head lice in Erbil province is still high, which is one of the health problems of children in public schools.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Epistaxis in Primary School Children in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 4035-4041
Author(s):  
Huda M. EL-Baz ◽  
Khalid A. Mohammed ◽  
Hanaa S. Said
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children

scholarly journals PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ANTHELMINTIC CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTION OF ENTEROBIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Ratna Muliawati ◽  
Mushidah Mushidah ◽  
Siti Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio

Background: Pinworm infection remains a global public health problem in Indonesia, with the highest prevalence in primary school–aged children. The government has made helminthiasis control efforts through annual deworming every six months, yet data on the enterobiasis prevalence and its risk factors are still limited. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the role of personal hygiene and anthelmintic or worm medicine consumption in the prevention of enterobiasis among primary school children. Methods: This research employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population used was primary school children in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kaliwungu area, Kendal District, Central Java Province. The research sample was 150 students from first grade to third grade at 1 Primary Elementary School 1 Kutoharjo. The data sources were obtained from interviews of risk factors and perianal swab examinations. The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pinworm infection among primary school children remains high (37.33%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there are three determinant variables of pinworm infections: not washing hands with soap before eating (p < 0.01; Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 6.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.87 < POR < 14.59); not washing hands with soap after defecation (p = 0.01; POR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.40 < POR < 8.05); and not consuming anthelmintic drugs within the past six months (p = 0.03; POR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.08 < POR < 5.50). Conclusion: Hand washing habits and annual deworming are important factors to prevent pinworm infections.

scholarly journals Toxocara infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary school children in central China

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
Zhijun Yao ◽  
Pengju Li ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Central China ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease that poses a threat to public health worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection among primary school children in Henan province, central China, which was previously unknown. Sera from 2451 primary school children were collected from September 2015 to October 2018, and evaluated for anti-Toxocara antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of Toxocara infection was 5.14% (126/2451). The main risk factors related to Toxocara infection identified in this study were the age of children, residence area of children, contact with cats or dogs, and exposure to soil. Hand washing before eating was considered to be a protective factor. These findings demonstrate that Toxocara infection is relatively common among primary school children in Henan province.

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