Isolation Of Dermatophytes From Infected Stray Cats In Selangor

Background: Dermatophytosis is the most prevalent fungal infection found in cats and one of the most serious infectious skin diseases that affect this species. Dermatophytosis can be endemic in cats, particularly in poor environments, and it is difficult to eradicate in such cases. Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic identification of various types of dermatophytes present in stray cats. Methods: The research was designed as a laboratory-based study. The sample was determined through physical examination of stray cats infected with fungi and was selected based on the infection site (nail, hair, and skin) of infected cats. A total of 125 samples were collected from infected stray cats through skin scraping, haircutting, and nail clipping. The collected samples were then cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium and incubated for two weeks at 26°C. Following incubation, fungi were stained using Lacto-phenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) for microscopic identification. Results: The identification showed that Trichophyton spp. is the most common isolated fungal species on the hair, nails, and skin of stray cats. This is followed by Aspergillus spp. and Microsporum spp. The least common dermatophytes include Curvularia spp., Absidia spp., Epidermophyton spp., Neosytallidium spp., Alternaria spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Mucor spp., and Penicillium spp. Conclusion: The research focussed exclusively on stray cats with clinical evidence of mycotic lesions and confirmed the role of stray cats in transmitting dermatophytosis through their hair, nails, and skin. The prevalence of dermatophytes on stray cats was identified in the Selangor region.

Determinants of Anemia in The Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Mojokerto

Background: Anemia is a pregnancy complication that increases the morbidity and mortality of mother and baby during pregnancy and until puerperium. In 2015, the incidence of anemia in Indonesia was 23%. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine factors that influence anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The study was conducted on pregnant women in Mojokerto. This study used a case-control design. The sample calculation results obtained 70 cases and 70 controls. The primary and secondary data were obtained from the MCH book and from interviews conducted according to questionnaire guidelines. Data were analyzed via chi-squared test and logistic regression test. Results: The factors that influence anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy were found to be age (p value = 0.04; OR 2.08; 95% CI = 1.04–4.16), occupation (p value = 0.02; OR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.15–4.47), birth interval (p value = 0.03; OR = 2.25; 95% CI 1.08-4.69), nutritional status (p value = 0.02; OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.14- 4.82), knowledge [about anemia] (p value = 0.01; OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.41-7.09), income per month (p value = 0.03, OR = 2.25; 95% CI =1.08–4.69), smoking activity (p value = 0.04; OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.02–3.92), perception (p value = 0.02; OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.10–4.40) , and spousal support (p value = 0.01; OR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.16 – 5.93) Conclusion: The most influential factors on anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy were birth interval, nutritional status, and knowledge.

The Effect of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Women After The Earthquake in Central Sulawesi

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder caused by uncommon occurrences such as threats or catastrophic events. Women are particularly susceptible to developing PTSD, as they have a range of threat perceptions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PTSD on women survivor of the earthquake in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district of Central Sulawesi. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted using a cross-sectional design. The population for this study were housewives who have been displaced by the earthquake and are currently residing in temporary shelters (Huntara) in a village located in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district. The instrument used in this study was the PTSD measurement questionnaire sheet. It was conducted from March to April 2020 and included a total of 115 participants. Univariate analysis was used to determine the respondents’ characteristics, including their age, education, occupation, income, and a description of the PTSD condition. Results: The results show that the majority of respondents experienced severe PTSD (70.43%). Most of the respondents (35.65%) were between the ages of 37 and 46, were senior high school graduates (40%), were unemployed (74%), and had earnings of < 2,500,000 (85.22%). Three variables that affect PTSD are education with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05, job/occupation with a p-value of 0.02 < 0.05, and income with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05. Conclusion: Women who are elderly, have a low level of education, are unemployed, and have low income are more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD.

Relationship between Perception of Individual Susceptibility and Barriers to Treatment Action in Scabies Patients

Background: Scabies is found in crowded residential areas such as orphanages, dormitories, prisons, and Islamic boarding schools. In 2017, it was reported that scabies was among the 15 most common types of skin infections in Sumenep District, which reported 12,229 cases of scabies. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the perception of individual susceptibility and barriers to treatment action in scabies patients at the Nasy’atul Muta’alimin Islamic Boarding School, Sumenep District, East Java. Methods: This research was an observational analytic study using a case-control design. The study population was patients with scabies in Nasy’atul Mutaalimin Islamic Boarding School, Sumenep District, East Java. The sample size was 70 people, consisting of 35 scabies patients who did not seek treatment as a case group and 35 scabies patients who did seek treatment as a control group. The sampling method used was simple random sampling. The two independent variables studied were the perception of individual susceptibility and barriers to treatment, while the dependent variable was treatment measures. The data analysis techniques employed were univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: This study shows that there are variables that have a relationship (p < 0.05) with the perception of individual susceptibility (OR = 99.00 95% CI 17.85 < OR < 548.86) and perceived barriers (OR = 29.00 95%, CI 7.968 < OR < 105.55). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the perception of individual susceptibility and barriers to treatment action in scabies patients.

Profile of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) has been associated with a high mortality rate of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Both behavioral and biological factors cause predisposition to DFU. Purpose: This research describes the profile of hospitalized DFU patients at a tertiary care hospital in Surabaya. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study that analyzed medical records of hospitalized T2DM patients with DFU in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Sampled respondents were patients ≥ 21 years old who were hospitalized between 2016–2018. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, medical histories, length of hospital stay, laboratory results, precipitating factors, microorganism culture results, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. Descriptive analysis is presented in the form of narratives, tables, and diagrams. Results: 9.08% of hospitalized Type 2 DM (T2DM) cases were related to foot ulcers. The average patient age was 57.00 ± 9.83 years with no gender predominance. DM was poorly controlled (Mean HbA1C 9.78±2.83%; RBG 251.83 ± 158.15 mg/dL). The majority of patients had sepsis (68.26%) and renal function impairment (62.72%). Ulcers with Wagner grades of 4–5 were frequent (41.31%). The highest percentage of sepsis (80.49%) and the average leukocyte level (22.60±11.95 x109/L) were found in gangrenous feet. Anemia was more predominant and severe in ulcers with higher Wagner grades. Trauma and Escherichia coli were the most common precipitating factors and microorganisms isolated, respectively. Amputation was performed for 82.36% of patients who were admitted to hospital with gangrene. The Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA) and mortality rates were 14.11% and 40.93%, respectively. Conclusion: DFUs were found to have a relatively high prevalence among T2DM patients, and must never be neglected due to the high associated mortality rate.

Determinants of Stunting in Children Aged 6-59 Months in Glagah Sub-District, Indonesia

Background: According to basic health research in Indonesia from 2018, the national prevalence of stunting among children under five is 30.80%. Half of the ten highest-priority villages for national stunting interventions in the Lamongan District are located in Glagah Sub-district. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the determinants of stunting in children aged 6 to 59 months in the Muslim population in the Glagah Sub-district, Lamongan District, 2019. Methods: The design of this study was an analytic observational case-control. The population was mothers with children aged 6 to 59 months in Glagah Sub-district. The samples comprised 44 cases and 88 controls. They were paired with matching variables, including gender and clean water sources. Cluster sampling techniques and probability proportional to the size sampling method were utilized to calculate the sample size for each cluster. Data collection was carried out using a modified research questionnaire. Research was carried out in June–July 2019. Bivariate analysis was performed with chi-square and independent t-tests at the significance level α= 0.05. Results: The factors found to be related to stunting were bodyweight at birth (p-value 0.01; eta2 0.09), protein intake (p-value 0.01; eta2 0.12), energy intake (p-value 0.01; eta2 0.19), maternal height (p-value 0.01; eta2 0,08), and parenting pattern (p-value 0.03; ORpermissive 3.33, ORmoderate 1.69). Conclusion: Determinants associated with stunting were bodyweight at birth, protein and energy intake, maternal height, and parenting pattern. Integrated Service Post officers can provide education and workshops on good parenting patterns to parents of toddlers.

Alternative Medicine-Seeking Behavior among Cancer Patients at The Indonesian Cancer Foundation

Background: A large proportion of cancer deaths are caused by patient delay in accessing hospital treatment. One of the causes of such delays is the use of alternative medicine. Purpose: This research is conducted to determine the characteristics and factors related to the behavior of seeking treatment in the form of alternative medicine among cancer patients at the Indonesian Cancer Foundation (Yayasan Kanker Indonesia). Methods: This research is a quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional study design. The target of the research is all patients who temporarily stayed at the Yayasan Kanker Indonesia from February–April 2020, a total of 45 patients aged ≥ 17 years who had been diagnosed with cancer. The data was obtained via questionnaires and interviews. The variables examined are the predisposition factors (sex, age, education, occupation, stage of cancer, time ranges for accessing health services after symptom onset, prior illness, family history), enabling factors (distance to health services, income, health insurance), and reinforcing factors (family support and information resources). Analysis of research data was conducted using frequency tables and Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test. Results: The factors related to the behavior of seeking treatment via alternative medicine in cancer patients at Yayasan Kanker Indonesia are the stage of cancer (p=0.04), the time span between symptom onset and checking into health services (p=0.02), and length of illness (p=0.03). Conclusion: Alternative treatment search behavior is influenced by several factors, namely the stage of cancer, the time span between symptom onset and checking into health services, and the length of illness.

Precipitating Factors of Acne Vulgaris at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, which often causes stress and disrupts quality of life. Correctly identifying precipitating factors and preventing disease development will holistically increase the effectiveness of acne therapy, enabling better therapeutic outcomes to be achieved. Purpose: The objective of this study is to identify the clinical profile and precipitating factors of AV patients who visited Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital between 2015 until 2017. Methods: This was a descriptive study, using a retrospective case study approach. The sample data was collected from medical records of AV patients from the period of 2015–2017 who met the following inclusion criteria: new AV cases with a complete medical record including gender, age, and precipitating factors. The dependent variable of this study was new AV patients, while the independent variables were the patient clinical profile and precipitating factors. Results: This study included 930 samples, with the number of female patients significantly higher (75.48%) than the number of males. The highest AV prevalence was found in the 15–24 years age group. The most common precipitating factors in females were hormonal issues, stress, and cosmetics; in males, these were stress, genetics, and dietary factors. Conclusion: The incidence of AV at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital mostly occurs in the 15–24 years age group, with varying trigger factors. The most frequent AV trigger factor in female patients was hormonal issues; in males, this was stress.

Education for Parents of Children with Gadget Addiction

Background: Inappropriate and excessive use of gadgets can cause addiction and interfere with physical, psychological, and emotional health, increase social isolation, and negatively affect development, especially in children. The resulting impact will be greatly influenced by the role of parents, family and the environment. Purpose: This study aims to understand what education can be provided to parents of children with gadget addiction, along with how parents can choose toys and alternative games for children to reduce this gadget addiction. Methods: The design used in this article was a narrative review that involved collecting and analyzing journals using the keywords "addiction", "children", "education", "parent" and "gadget"; this obtained 10 journal articles from PubMed, two journal articles from ScienceDirect, 14 journal articles from Google Scholar published between 2015–2020, three books, and one collection of survey data from the web. Results: There were several strategies that could be applied in managing the use of gadgets by children. The authoritative type of parenting style, good parent-child relationships, parent-child attachment and family environment conditions could also affect the use of gadgets and its impact on children. Parents could additionally provide toys and alternative games suitable for the children’s age, developmental ability and safety needs. Conclusion: Parents are expected to understand how to manage children with gadget addiction and how they can choose toys and alternative games for children to reduce gadget addiction.

Risk Factors of Stunting in Kedisan, Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia

Background: Stunting is a nutritional status based on measurements of the Length-for-Age or Height-for-Age index of the anthropometric standards assessment of nutritional status of children. The report of the Public Health Center (PHC) of Tegallalang I revealed the largest number of stunting cases in Kedisan Village, with 28 toddlers suffering from stunting based on 2017 data. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with stunting at Kedisan Village, Tegallalang Sub-district, Gianyar District. Methods: This is an analytic study employing a case-control approach. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique; that is, by utilizing all cases of children under five who were declared stunted in the village in question (a total of 28 cases). The case:control ratio used was 1:1; thus, the total sample used in the study was 56 samples from May 2017. Bivariate analysis was conducted using a chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents were employed (i.e., 67.80% in the case group and 53.50% in the control group); in terms of the most recent level of education, 35.70% of respondents in the case group had a junior high school education, while 46.40% in the control group had a senior high school education. The results of the bivariate analysis found that the risk factor that was most significantly related with the incidence of stunting was complementary foods with breast milk (p = 0.03; OR: 4.63), while other risk factors were not related to the occurrence of stunting. Conclusions: The factor that influenced the occurrence of stunting in Kedisan Village was complementary foods with breast milk.