Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression as a Mediating Factor for the Intergenerational Transmission of Physical Punishment of Children in South Sudan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Ndoromo
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Victimisation from Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Owen Ndoromo ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Cyber Aggression ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression

The aim of the study was to investigate sex differences in victimisation from low intensity forms of intimate partner aggression in South Sudan. A questionnaire was filled in by 420 respondents (302 females and 118 males) in two cities in South Sudan. The mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.4) for women and 25.6 years (SD 7.8). Victimisation from intimate partner aggression was measured with the Victim Version of the Direct Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS-Adult; Österman - Björkqvist, 2009) which includes six scales measuring verbal and nonverbal aggression, direct and indirect aggressive social manipulation, cyber aggression, and economic aggression. The results showed that males had been significantly more victimised from physical and verbal aggression than females. A tendency was also found for males to be more victimised from nonverbal aggression and direct aggressive social manipulation. No sex differences were found regarding victimisation from indirect aggressive social manipulation, cyber aggression, or economic aggression. Males had significantly more often been bit, hit, had their belongings damaged, scratched, spit at, and shoved by their female partner. Males had also been significantly more often subjected to quarrels, to being told nasty or hurtful words, and to being yelled at by their female partner. No sex difference was found for being interrupted when talking, been called bad names, or having been angrily nagged at by their partner. For females, age correlated positively with victimisation, while for males, the correlations were mostly negative. As far as more severe forms of violence are concerned, males have generally been found to be more aggressive against their partner than vice versa; the impact of male aggression has also usually been found to be more severe. The fact that males in domestic settings are also victimised by their spouses, although to less severe forms of aggression, has received much less attention.

Sex Differences in Perpetration of Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Owen Ndoromo ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Gender Symmetry ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Symmetry Theory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression

The aim of the study was to investigate sex differences in perpetration of low intensity intimate partner aggression in South Sudan, to compare levels of perpetration and victimisation, and further to test whether the revised gender symmetry theory (Archer, 2018) could be applicable in an African country. A questionnaire was filled in by 302 females and 118 males in South Sudan, the mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.4) for women, and 25.6 years (SD 7.8) for men. Intimate partner aggression was measured with self-reports using both the perpetrator and the victim versions of the Direct Indirect Aggression Scales for Adults (DIAS-Adult; Österman - Björkqvist, 2009), which measures seven types of aggressive behavoiurs. The results showed no significant difference between females and males on perpetration of five out of seven types of aggression; physical, verbal and nonverbal aggression, as well as direct and indirect aggressive social manipulation. For females, levels of victimisation and perpetration of aggression were equally high; this was the case for all seven types of aggression while, for males, victimisation was significantly higher than perpetration on three types of aggression. The results provide support for the revised gender symmetry theory in an African developing country.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Sexual Harassment in Public Places

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Farida Anwar ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Peer Aggression ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression

The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for victimisation from sexual harassment in public places. A questionnaire was completed by 591 female university students in Finland. The mean age was 25.2 years (SD = 7.1). Nonverbal sexual harassment was found to be the most common type of sexual harassment, followed by physical. The most common place of victimisation was in a nightclub or bar, and the most common perpetrator was a stranger. The most common single acts of victimisation were to be stared at with filthy looks and talked to in an unpleasant sexual way. Victimisation from sexual harassment in public places was significantly predicted by physical punishment during childhood, victimisation from peer aggression at school, victimisation from verbal and physical intimate partner aggression, and low self-esteem. When frequency of sexual harassment was controlled for, emotional distress caused by sexual harassment correlated significantly with victimisation from verbal intimate partner aggression, victimisation from peer aggression at school, and a low self-esteem, suggesting sensitisation to aggression. In this sample of Finnish university students, the levels of victimisation from sexual harassment were low. Victimisation from other types of aggression and low self-esteem were identified as possible risk factors for victimisation from sexual harassment.

scholarly journals Cognitive Reframing of Intimate Partner Aggression: Social and Contextual Influences

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wind Goodfriend ◽  
Ximena Arriaga
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Partner Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Reframing ◽  
Supportive Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression ◽  
Individual Partner

Intimate partner aggression violates U.S. culturally-accepted standards regarding how partners should treat each other. Victims must reconcile the dissonance associated with being in what should be a loving and supportive relationship, while being in the same relationship that is personally and deeply harmful. To manage these clashing cognitions, victims consciously and unconsciously adopt perceptions to reframe their partner’s aggression, minimizing and reinterpreting the occurrence or impact of aggressive acts, and justifying remaining in their relationship. The paper examines the multiple and nested influences that shape such perceptions, including individual, partner, relationship, and cultural factors. Each type of influence is discussed by reviewing previous research and including accounts from women who had experienced aggression. Greater awareness of such perceptions may afford greater control in changing harmful relationship patterns.

scholarly journals Intergenerational transmission of child abuse in Colombia: an analysis of gendered effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Esperanza Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Parental History

A broad range of research literature has studied patterns of intergenerational violence. However, scant research has looked at how those patterns are gendered. This study examines gendered patterns of intergenerational transmission of violence and looks at how gender relates to intimate partner violence and child physical abuse over time. I used a 2015 dataset of 12.915 interviews with Colombian heterosexual couples who were married or living together at the time of the interview. Using factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), I found, consistent with previous studies, that parental history of child abuse was a predictor of physical child abuse; this is consistent with previous studies. Experiencing physical punishment by one’s parents was a stronger predictor of the use of physical punishment on one’s own children in adulthood than being an observer of partner violence between one’s parents. However, the female observer of parental male-to-female partner abuse was more likely also to be a victim of intimate partner abuse in adulthood, and experiencing physical punishment by one’s parents also predicts a male’s physical victimization. Overall, the results support social learning theory and liberal feminist theory, that gender roles, gender inequality, and power structure are learned, passed from one generation to the next, and perpetuated by family relationships.

scholarly journals Longitudinal effects of increases and decreases in intimate partner aggression.

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia F. Hammett ◽  
Benjamin R. Karney ◽  
Thomas N. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Intimate Partner Aggression
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