3. Liability of partners to outsiders

Partners will incur debts and other obligations in the course of carrying on the partnership’s business. This chapter examines the nature of the partners’ liabilities in these circumstances and the extent to which an individual partner can bind the partnership as a whole. It then considers whether it is possible for individuals who are not partners at the time the debt or obligation was incurred to be liable for that debt or obligation.

Creating Cross-Sector Partnerships

Chapter 9 examines the creation of cross-sector partnerships. These partnerships involve building unconventional relations between organizations that have traditionally not worked closely together, in particular between businesses and non-profit organizations. To achieve this, the different objectives and participating organizations need to be acknowledged and reflected in appropriate key performance indicators. Cross-sector partnerships go through several stages of development that move from philanthropy to transactions in the form of reciprocal exchanges between the partners, integration of the values and objectives of the partners, and transformation of these into values at the societal or community rather than the individual partner level. Completing the process of a full transformation of the partnership takes time and requires a sufficiently long-horizon on the part of the partner organizations.

Methodological problems of studying personal educational trajectories in pedagogical psychology

Modern education is actively changing and looking for directions for its development, work optimization, as well as ways to minimize the processes of destruction and degradation of university and secondary, cultural and professional, general and additional education.The research objective is to comprehend the methodological problems of studying personal educational trajectories in educational psychology.Research methodology. The work represents a theoretical understanding of the methodological problems of studying personal educational trajectories in pedagogical psychology. Our study develops the idea of the systematic understanding significance of methodological problems of studying personal educational trajectories in pedagogical psychology.The study main results. Various aspects of the methodological problems of studying personal educational trajectories in pedagogical psychology are reflected in many works of domestic and foreign researchers. However, they are fragmented and do not meet the demands of modern practice with its constant changes. They do not meet many of the needs related to progressive innovations in the field of procedural and substantive dialogue, substantive and procedural individualization, orientation towards obtaining effective and necessary knowledge that help a person to become a cultural subject. They do not correspond to regressive returns to standardization formalism, the rejection of fundamental education and understanding a person of himself and the world in favor of functional fragmentation and commodification, which reduces education to the purchase of competencies and/or documents on the purchase of competencies. The educational space formation is the basis to create an individual educational trajectory for developing a person as an individual, partner and professional. Individual educational trajectories act as a condition for students' self-determination in the educational space. Making it possible to choose one's own educational trajectory is an essential component of the modern educational environment.Conclusions. Both the standards of general and additional education, and the original educational and their support should be organized on clearly verified and transparent grounds, within the framework of models methodically and methodologically formulated and formed based on scientific ideas. It is necessary to take into account and minimize various risks of developing and implementing individual educational trajectories of students in educational organizations: the interaction of participants in educational relations.

Performance Predictive Analytics for Operations Management of Shared Services

Shared services have been widely used in many organizations as an alternative to outsourcing. For shared services, common services are standardized and consolidated across multiple organizations to reduce the operational cost and to increase information and knowledge sharing. Two major advantages of shared services over outsourcing are long-term stable cost-saving and knowledge sharing. One important aspect of successful operations management of shared services is to ensure the quality of services delivered by a shared service provider to each individual partner organization. This paper proposes a performance predictive analytics framework for operations management of shared services. The paper presents a case study to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of this framework.

3. Liability of partners to outsiders

Partners will incur debts and other obligations in the course of carrying on the partnership’s business. This chapter examines the nature of the partners’ liabilities in these circumstances and the extent to which an individual partner can bind the partnership as a whole. It then considers whether it is possible for individuals who are not partners at the time the debt or obligation was incurred to be liable for that debt or obligation.

6. Partnership Property

This chapter is concerned with the identification, nature and consequences of an item being regarded as partnership property. It sets out the situations where there is a need to distinguish between partnership property and the property of an individual partner(s), including insolvency and co-ownership issues, with special reference to farming partnerships. The nature of a partner's interest in such property is considered under English law together with the rights attached to it. The limits as to what may constitute such property are followed by the statutory and contractual rules for identification. Property bought out of partnership profits and the use of non-partnership land are considered. The chapter also covers the specific problems associated with two types of asset, the leases of business premises and the concept of the goodwill of a business.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Haiti: Understanding Household, Individual, Partner, and Relationship Characteristics

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue with detrimental consequences for women’s reproductive, mental, and physical health. In Haiti, IPV is a major obstacle to women’s development. Yet, the determinants of IPV victimization are still not well understood. In this study, we utilized the 2016–2017 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey to determine the prevalence of IPV victimization and its subtypes (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) among married or cohabiting women ( N = 3,805) of reproductive age (15–49) by their current husband/partner. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the association between IPV and household, individual, husband/partner, and relationship characteristics. The prevalence of IPV victimization was 32.5% with the majority reporting emotional (24.7%) followed by physical (16.8%) and sexual (10.5%) violence. Increased odds of IPV victimization were found among women with children in the household (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 2.02]), with attitudinal acceptance of wife-beating (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.05, 2.02]), and those who witnessed their father beating their mother (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI = [1.18, 2.67]). Higher odds of reporting IPV victimization were also found among women whose partner drank alcohol (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI = [2.29, 3.65]), who were in a polygynous relationship (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = [1.23, 2.40]), and displayed one or more controlling behaviors (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = [1.42, 2.59]). Women who reported being afraid of their partner had greater odds of IPV victimization (AOR = 16.22, 95% CI = [8.38, 31.39]). Decreased odds of reporting IPV were associated with women living in rural areas (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = [0.53, 1.00]) and those unmarried, but living with their partner (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = [0.43, 0.90]). Our findings identify subgroups of women in Haiti that may be vulnerable to IPV victimization. Thus, we recommend a differentiated approach to IPV prevention strategies and interventions that consider women’s family structure in the household as well as individual, partner, and relationship characteristics.

Minoritetsnorske og majoritetsnorske kvinners erfaring med partnervold

The chapter explores commonalities and differences in the experience of women who have been exposed to violence from their male partners and in some cases from their in-laws. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with women of ethnic majority and minority backgrounds. Four dimensions of diversity in the patterns of violence are identified: 1) How the relationship started: the analysis differentiates between an individual and a collective practice, where the latter refers to arranged marriages. 2) Who is the perpetrator: there is a difference between women who have been exposed to violence and control from an individual partner and those who have been abused by both their partner and their in-laws. 3) What characterizes the violence and control itself: two patterns are discerned, one dominated by psychological mechanisms and one that is more material and concrete. 4) What prevented the women from leaving the abuser: a major difference is drawn between women who face stigma and ostracism if they are divorced, and those women who find it shameful and stigmatizing to reveal that they have not left their abuser.

Preconception Counselling

It is quite often than not that in our day to day busy clinical schedules, we see patients with a spectrum of typical and atypical clinical presentations, sifting through investigation reports, OPD cards, radiology films, and case file documents. There is nothing more disconcerting than the interruption of this train of clinical management of the patient when suddenly we see the “ pregnancy test: POSITIVE” report and with that typical incredulous look we give the patient, physician and patient are left with a grey zone of uncertainty and certain anxiety. It is up to us doctors to avoid these very “oops” moments and be comprehensively aware that in all our clinical and allied specialties, a couple or the individual partner who comes with reproductive potential is necessarily to be counseled about wellness and healthy outcomes with regard to getting pregnant and health implications therein. It is pertinent to say that such patients be counseled appropriately about treatment if they wish to conceive or to take the correct type of contraception if pregnancy is not intended or contraindicated.

3. Liability of partners to outsiders

Partners will incur debts and other obligations in the course of carrying on the partnership’s business. This chapter examines the nature of the partners’ liabilities in these circumstances and the extent to which an individual partner can bind the partnership as a whole. It then considers whether it is possible for individuals who are not partners at the time the debt or obligation was incurred to be liable for that debt or obligation.