The right to health supports global public health

In this chapter, we explain how human rights, including the right to health, are important for global public health. We introduce key human rights concepts and principles, and illustrate three approaches to the right to health: judicial, policy, and empowerment. We propose that human rights and public health are natural allies with a complementary and supportive relationship. We describe the meaning of the right to the highest attainable standard of health and its place in international, regional, and national laws. We outline ten key elements of the right to health and how the right can be operationalized in public health practice. We demonstrate this with two case studies of critically important global public health issues—climate change and children’s health, and overseas development assistance—as well as one of an emerging challenge in health, the digitization of health through Big Data.

Examining Positive Youth Development Interventions With a Physical Activity Component to Address Bullying Among Pre- and Early Adolescents: A Critical Review of the Literature

This review aimed at identifying specific features of PYD interventions with a PA component that appear most promising at reducing bullying behaviors among pre- and early adolescents. We reviewed articles that included PYD interventions with a PA component among pre- and early adolescents aged 8–14 years from five databases and found seven studies representing 3892 participants. Studies collectively showed that PYD-PA interventions can promote an interactive and supportive relationship between participants and staff and foster adolescents’ psychosocial development. The review’s limitations include the variation of PA components and geographical contexts of interventions leading to a difficulty in synthesizing the results. PA-based PYD interventions provide a promising approach that can foster youth’s psychosocial development such as the use of an interactive approach and the use of several PYD components (e.g., empathy and caring ). This approach, consequently, may lower bullying behaviors. Given the nature of this review, further evaluation is warranted.

Developing bonds: An exploration of the development of bonds between mentors and young people

The article describes a piece of research exploring young people’s experience of a mentoring service (PROMISE). The scheme has been developed to offer vulnerable young people a supportive relationship to assist their lives. This article explores the nature of the mentoring relationship, including how mentors and mentees view its development. Conjoint interviews were conducted which also permitted an analysis of the nature of the conversational processes between the pairs, including how they constructed shared meanings of the development of their relationship. This provided a window into the emotional dynamics of their mentoring relationships. Implications for similar mentoring programmes are discussed alongside wider implications for assisting this group of young people.

Case Studies of Olympic Medalist Coach–Athlete Relationships: A Retrospective Analysis Prior to and During the Olympics

The Olympics is a unique and challenging performance setting that tests the strength of the coach–athlete relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the coach–athlete relationship prior to and during the Olympics with Olympic-medal-winning athletes and their coaches. Qualitative research methods were implemented where three Olympic medalist coach–athlete dyads participated in semistructured interviews. Data collection included three separate interviews (athlete, coach, and coach–athlete) for each dyad. Cross-case analysis identified three lower order themes related to creating an athlete-centered environment: (a) empowering effective decision making, (b) open and honest communication, and (c) mental cue-based instruction and feedback. In addition, three lower order themes related to developing a caring supportive relationship emerged: (a) developed trust, (b) commitment, and (c) gratitude. Results indicated that coaches and athletes perceived that their success at the Olympics Games was influenced by the strength of the coach–athlete relationship that was developed over multiple years prior to the Olympics.

Understanding the Why of Behavior Through Regulation

This chapter will review the many foundational theories that outline an historical understanding of behavior. Occupational therapy (OT) and psychology have provided a consistent framework for addressing and defining behavior. Behavior communicates self-awareness and self-management which are key competencies upon which social and emotional learning occur. Perception affects the definition and assumption of behavior, and this is affected by knowledge. Various considerations such as sensory processing, executive functioning, nervous system functions, and environmental factors affect the feedback loop that governs a child's ability to regulate. How we assess this process will determine our expectations and responses. When disciplinary programs do not address the whole child, behavior seldom improves. Embracing the big picture of behavior allows it to be viewed through a different lens to establish a supportive relationship with a student and empower them to achieve self-actualization and skills they will use for a lifetime.

Gender Difference in Living Apart Together

This chapter focuses on the attraction of a LAT lifestyle for women, in part based on indications from the social science literature from outside the United States and in part drawing on my interviews of women LATs in the United States and England. There are gender differences in living apart. LAT allows women to maintain their independence without forgoing the benefits of intimate relationships. For some women, who are intensely involved in their work lives, raising children from a previous marriage, or both, LAT offers a way to have a physically and emotionally supportive relationship when cohabitation or marriage would be difficult.

Are Older Adults Sexually Well: A Comparative Qualitative Study in Portugal and Romania

Objective: This study aims the perspectives of older adults on their sexual well-being. For this purpose, a qualitative research was carried out, which analyzes older adults’ perspectives on indicators of sexual well-being in Portugal and Romania. Methods: Forty seven older participants aged 65 to 91 years, were interviewed. Participants lived in the community. All the interviews went through content analysis. Results: Preliminary results of content analysis generated 5 themes for the Romanian sample: Supportive relationship (k = .92, p < .01); positive financial situation (k = .91, p < .01); good health (k = 94, p < .01); education (k = .88, p < .01); and family support (k = .89, p < .01); and five themes for the Portuguese sample: Supportive relationship (k = .91, p < .01); demonstration of love (k = .91, p < .01); sharing joint activities (k = 92, p < .01); positive attitude and good humor (k = .91, p < .01); and open communication (k = .99, p < .01); Conclusions: This study highlighted the perspectives of Portuguese and Romanian older adults concerning sexual well-being. For both samples, showing a supportive relationship with a partner was the more frequent theme. Keywords: Content analysis; cross-national; older adults; qualitative study; sexual well-being.

PARTICIPANT VIEWS OF THE TASKS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPPORTIVE SUPPORT BROKERS IN SELF-DIRECTION PROGRAMS

This qualitative study draws on 76 ethnographic case studies with Cash and Counseling participants, examines what participants and their caregivers saw the support broker doing, and looks at what the participants found helpful and less than helpful. Participants and their caregivers saw support broker duties as Coaching, Problem Solving, Advocacy and Monitoring. Equally important was how the support broker performed these roles. Six attributes that mattered to participants were: Familiarity, Supportive Relationship, Proactive Engagement, Responsiveness, Knowldge and Cultural Friendliness. These findings from the participant and caregiver perspective have great import for the training of present and future care managers and support broker, and have implications for regulatory and even licensure requirements. These results can be a first step in constructing a quality framework for self-directed supports and services.