SYNCHRONICZNOŚĆ WYSTĘPOWANIA ŚREDNICH ROCZNYCH STANÓW WODY JEZIOR PRZYBRZEŻNYCH I MORZA BAŁTYCKIEGO

Water level fluctuations of coastal lakes are more dynamic than in case of other lakes located in the medium latitude zone. In this study, mean annual values of water level of 6 coastal lakes (Resko Przymorskie, Jamno, Bukowo, Gardno, Łebsko, Druzno) of southern coast of the Baltic Sea and sea water level were analyzed, using correlation coefficient, it was also pointed at possibility of modelling dependencies between chosen variables using Copula theory. The highest correlation coefficient was noted for the pair Łebsko Lake–Baltic Sea, gauge station in Łeba (0.91), and the lowest one for the pair Jamno Lake–Baltic Sea, gauge station in Kołobrzeg (0.67). The results of correlation analysis were proved by analysis using Archimedean Copulas. The highest synchronicity in relation to sea water levels was observed for Łebsko Lake (77.54%), the lowest one for Jamno Lake (59.98%). The method on the basis of Copula functions applied in the study shows that not only traditional correlation methods allow to verify dependencies and their strength between data series. There was noted strong dependency between correlation coefficient values and synchronicity. The obtained results allow to conclude that there is diversified strength of dependencies between mean annual water levels of coastal lakes in Poland and mean annual water levels of the Baltic Sea.

Download Full-text

Probabilistic Assessment of Correlations of Water Levels in Polish Coastal Lakes with Sea Water Level with the Application of Archimedean Copulas

Water ◽

10.3390/w11061292 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1292

Author(s):

Katarzyna Plewa ◽

Adam Perz ◽

Dariusz Wrzesiński ◽

Leszek Sobkowiak

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Water Level ◽

Sea Water ◽

Water Levels ◽

Linear Regression Method ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Coastal Lake ◽

Coastal Lakes ◽

Maximum Water ◽

The Baltic

The hydrology of coastal lakes differs significantly from that of inland water bodies due to the influence of the neighboring sea. Observed climatic changes are expected to enhance the effect of the sea on coastal lake ecosystems, which makes research on sea–lake interactions even more significant. In this study, on the basis of maximum annual and monthly values of water level, dependencies among the water levels of six lakes located along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in Poland, and the Baltic Sea water levels were analyzed. First, the Spearman rank correlation and the linear regression method were applied. Then, selected copulas were used to find joint distributions of the studied time series. In the next stage, the degrees of synchronous and asynchronous occurrences of maximum water levels in lakes and the sea were calculated. The study revealed that correlations between the maximum annual water levels in coastal lakes and in the Baltic Sea in the selected gauge stations were very strong and statistically significant. These results were confirmed by a synchronicity analysis carried out with the help of a copula function. The highest relationship was detected in the case of Lake Resko Przymorskie (correlation coefficient 0.86, synchronicity 75.18%), while the lowest were observed in Lakes Jamno (0.62 and 58.20%, respectively) and Bukowo (0.60 and 56.82%, respectively). The relation strength between maximum water levels of the sea and coastal lakes may increase in the future due to sea level rises caused by climate warming.

Download Full-text

Separation of the Baltic Sea water level into daily and multi-weekly components

Continental Shelf Research ◽

10.1016/j.csr.2015.04.018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tarmo Soomere ◽

Maris Eelsalu ◽

Andrey Kurkin ◽

Artem Rybin

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Water Level ◽

Sea Water ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

The Baltic

Download Full-text

Analysis of the Water Level Variation in the Polish Part of the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea) and Estimation of Water Inflow and Outflow Transport through the Strait of Baltiysk in the Years 2008–2017

Water ◽

10.3390/w13101328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1328

Author(s):

Michał Szydłowski ◽

Wojciech Artichowicz ◽

Piotr Zima

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Numerical Model ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Water Level ◽

Vistula Lagoon ◽

Level Variation ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Water Level Variation ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Vistula Lagoon

The Vistula Lagoon is located in both Poland and Russia along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is connected to the Baltic Sea in the Russian part by the Strait of Baltiysk. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant factors underlying the water level variation mechanism at Tolkmicko in the Vistula Lagoon, revealed by a statistical analysis of the measured data and a discussion on the inflow and outflow transport variation through the strait, estimated by numerical modeling. Seawater transport is exceptionally valuable in terms of the hydrological water balance in the lagoon. Historical research on the hydrology of the lagoon shows that the water exchange in the lagoon is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of water balance, such as seawater inflow, river inflow, groundwater inflow, precipitation, and evaporation. Unfortunately, there are no current data on seawater inflow and outflow through the Strait of Baltiysk due to the lack of continuous flow measurements in the strait. A novelty of the current work is an in-depth statistical analysis of the water level variation in the Polish part of the lagoon over a long time period and an estimation of water transport through the Strait of Baltiysk by use of a numerical model. The model reproduces well the water level variation responding to variations in the sea level outside the lagoon and the wind action over the lagoon. The years 2008–2017 were chosen as the analysis period. A two-dimensional free surface shallow water numerical model of the lagoon was adapted to simulate the water level variation in view of the wind over the lagoon and the sea level variation at one open boundary. Finally, it was concluded that the water level variation on the Polish side of the Vistula Lagoon is dominated by two factors: the water level in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the wind over the lagoon. The average annual marine water inflow into the Vistula Lagoon was estimated to be equal to 15.87 km3.

Download Full-text

DNA Markers Reveal Genetic Associations among 11,000-Year-Old Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Found in the Baltic Sea with the Present-Day Gene Pools in Lithuania

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12030317 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 317

Author(s):

Darius Danusevičius ◽

Jurata Buchovska ◽

Vladas Žulkus ◽

Linas Daugnora ◽

Algirdas Girininkas

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Sea Water ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Genetic Associations ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Assignment Probability ◽

The Baltic

We aimed to extract DNA and amplify PCR fragments at the mitochondrial DNA Nad7.1 locus and 11 nuclear microsatellite loci in nine circa 11,000-year-old individuals of Scots pine found at the bottom of the Baltic sea and test the genetic associations with the present-day gene pool of Scots pine in Lithuania. We followed a strict anticontamination protocol in the lab and, simultaneously with the aDNA specimens, tested DNA-free controls. The DNA was extracted by an ATMAB protocol from the ancient wood specimens sampled underwater from Scots pine stumps located circa 20–30 m deep and circa 12 km ashore in western Lithuania. As the references, we used 30 present-day Lithuanian populations of Scots pine with 25–50 individuals each. The aDNA yield was 11–41 ng/μL. The PCR amplification for the mtDNA Nad7.1 locus and the nDNA loci yielded reliable aDNA fragments for three and seven out of nine ancient pines, respectively. The electrophoresis profiles of all the PCR tested DNA-free controls contained the sizing standard only, indicating low likelihood for contamination. At the mtDNA Nad7.1 locus, all three ancient Scots pine individuals had the type A (300 bp) allele, indicating postglacial migration from the refugia in Balkan peninsula. The GENECLASS Bayesian assignment tests revealed relatively stringer and consistent genetic associations between the ancient Scots pine trees and the present-day southern Lithuanian populations (assignment probability 0.37–0.55) and several wetlands in Lithuania. Our study shows that salty sea water efficiently preserves ancient DNA in wood at the quality levels suitable for genetic testing of trees dated back as far as 11,000 years before present.

Download Full-text

Long term couplings of winter index of North Atlantic oscillation and water level in the Baltic Sea and Kattegat

Ocean Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.09.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 113-126

Author(s):

Grzegorz Różyński

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

North Atlantic Oscillation ◽

Water Level ◽

North Atlantic ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

The Baltic

Download Full-text

Density and Absolute Salinity of the Baltic Sea 2006–2009

Ocean Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/osd-6-1757-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1757-1817 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Feistel ◽

S. Weinreben ◽

H. Wolf ◽

S. Seitz ◽

P. Spitzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Equation Of State ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Decadal Variability ◽

Sea Water ◽

Large Area ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Sulphate Content ◽

Density Anomaly ◽

The Baltic

Abstract. The brackish water of the Baltic Sea is a mixture of ocean water from the Atlantic/North Sea with fresh water from various rivers draining a large area of lowlands and mountain ranges. The evaporation-precipitation balance results in an additional but minor excess of fresh water. The rivers carry different loads of salts washed out of the ground, in particular calcium carbonate, which cause a composition anomaly of the salt dissolved in the Baltic Sea in comparison to Standard Seawater. Directly measured seawater density shows a related anomaly when compared to the density computed from the equation of state as a function of Practical Salinity, temperature and pressure. Samples collected from different regions of the Baltic Sea during 2006–2009 were analysed for their density anomaly. The results obtained for the river load deviate significantly from similar measurements carried out forty years ago; the reasons for this decadal variability are not yet fully understood. An empirical formula is derived which estimates Absolute from Practical Salinity of Baltic Sea water, to be used in conjunction with the new Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10), endorsed by IOC/UNESCO in June 2009 as the substitute for the 1980 International Equation of State, EOS-80. Our routine measurements of the samples were accompanied by studies of additional selected properties which are reported here: conductivity, density, chloride, bromide and sulphate content, total CO2 and alkalinity.

Download Full-text