scholarly journals Zachowanie człowieka jako przedmiot badań psychologii społecznej – fakt czy mit?

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Doliński
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cognitive Shift

Social psychologists only to very small degree investigate real human behavior. This article is an analysis of the reasons why this is so. The author points out that the otherwise valuable phenomenon of cognitive shift, which occurred precisely in the 1960s, naturally boosted the interest of social psychologists in such phenomena like stereotypes and values; at the same time, it unfortunately decreased interest in others, like aggression or altruism. Researchers today generally preferring to employ survey studies (even if they are a component of experiments being conducted) to analysis of behavioural variables. This gives rise to the question of whether social psychology remains a science of behavior.

To Understand the Informal (on the Book BY V. L. Tambovtsev “Economics of Informal Institutions”)

2015 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
A. Zaostrovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Classification

The review considers the first attempt in the history of Russian economic thought to give a detailed analysis of informal institutions (IF). It recognizes that in general it was successful: the reader gets acquainted with the original classification of institutions (including informal ones) and their genesis. According to the reviewer the best achievement of the author is his interdisciplinary approach to the study of problems and, moreover, his bias on the achievements of social psychology because the model of human behavior in the economic mainstream is rather primitive. The book makes evident that namely this model limits the ability of economists to analyze IF. The reviewer also shares the author’s position that in the analysis of the IF genesis the economists should highlight the uncertainty and reject economic determinism. Further discussion of IF is hardly possible without referring to this book.

Some research trends in social psychology during the 1960s.

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 963-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Higbee ◽  
M. Gawain Wells
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
The 1960S

scholarly journals Socio-Psychological Effects of Deviation: A Sociological Appraisal

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Global World

The paper explores how people think and behave. However, various schools of thought have evolved through the development of social psychology on human behavior. While such scientists attribute a certain behavior to biological factors such as genetics, others consider early childhood experiences to be more likely affecting behavior. Such approaches or perspectives largely need investigations with special reference to the current global world. Concepts such as social influence, attribution, prejudice and discrimination, attitudes etc. play role here. The paper investigates why deviance occurs? How does it affect a society? However, since the early days of society, scholars have developed theories to explore what deviance and crime mean to society. Deviance being an accidental result of disorder and anomie, and a symptom of internal breakdown, it usually leads to crime. Method of research used in the present research is of qualitative type which is very popular in social sciences. Conclusion reaches the result that due to the unbridled and increasing urbanization and the emergence of a controversial society, deviation of socio-psychological norms is inevitable.

On Being Mortal

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Mari Fitzduff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neural Factors

This chapter introduces readers to the basics of what they need to know about social psychology—that is, the study of how people’s feelings, ideas, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others. It also looks at the increasingly important bio/neural factors such as genes, brain structure, and hormonal processes that are now being examined and understood as relevant to any study of human behavior, including group conflicts. In addition, it provides a brief introduction to the various methodologies that are increasingly able to measure social behavior, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, DNA analysis, and hormonal testing.

Western Religion Today

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Paul Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
World Council ◽  
Western Religion ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cognitive Shift ◽  
Academic Theology ◽  
Victorian Age

This chapter argues that Western religion today, besides losing public importance, has also largely been transformed in accordance with this cognitive shift to the ‘this-worldly’. The chapter shows how arguments like ‘believing but not belonging’ and ‘vicarious religion’ do not discredit the secularization thesis; nor does the idea that Christianity gave rise to Western modernity and therefore the West must be religious. The decreasing salience of Christianity became undeniable in the Victorian age. The 1960s saw this trend intensified and diffused more widely; this cognitive shift is illustrated in both the workings of the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) and in the World Council of Churches Uppsala Assembly (1968). The Christianity that the mainline Western churches exhibit today has become internally secularized, evidenced in characteristic works of modern academic theology.

Processing Views of Remembering

Remembering ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Fergus I. M. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Levels Of Processing ◽  
Cell Assemblies ◽  
Soviet Psychology ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The chapter describes and discusses previous accounts that viewed human memory as an activity of mind. These include members of the “Act Psychology School” and other early psychologists described by Boring (1950). The theoretical ideas of James (1890) and Bartlett (1932) are described and discussed, especially as emphasized in Bartlett’s 1932 classic book, Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. The notions associated with “activity theory” in Soviet psychology are outlined, and the studies in educational psychology deriving from these theories are described. The relevance of Hebb’s theory of cell assemblies is pointed out, as is the congenial work of James Jenkins and his students in the 1960s and 1970s. These latter studies are a clear forerunner of later experiments in the levels of processing tradition. Finally, Robert Crowder’s views on proceduralism are summarized and discussed.

scholarly journals Why Social Psychology Needs Autism and Why Autism Needs Social Psychology: Forensic and Clinical Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autistic Behavior ◽  
Responsive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
The 1960S

We know a lot about why the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has risen so dramatically since the 1960s. However, social science and social psychology in particular fall short in the analysis of autistic behavior, the real-life manifestations of the disorder. In this address, I suggest that unless we tackle behavior in interaction, rather than as emanating from individuals, we cannot analytically comprehend behavior as a socially real and holistic entity. The particular phenomena under investigation is transpositioning, or how a neurotypical (NT) professional initiates a sequence of action (first position) involving a recipient who has ASD. Then, the person with ASD fashions a response (second position) that is resistive or noncooperative. However, the NT professional subsequently fashions an action that portrays the ASD person’s second position or responsive behavior as an initiation or feature independent of what may have prompted it. Moreover, in reporting on the event in police, clinical, or other records, there is an elision of the prior initiations or first position actions such that the person with ASD is shown to have manifested ostensibly autonomous and anomalous behavior requiring interventions or remediation.

The Importance of Behavioral Law

2014 ◽  
pp. 92-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Ulen
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Policy Options

The chapter begins with several general policy examples that demonstrate how the empirical findings of cognitive and social psychology lead to very different predictions of human behavior and different policy options from those of rational choice theory. The chapter then turns to the topic of law and economics so as to contrast how some familiar conclusions of law and economics that were premised on rational choice by contract parties, potential injurers and victims, and others must be altered in light of the behavioral findings that undermine rational choice theory. The chapter also considers (and rejects) criticisms of behavioral law by economists, legal scholars, and philosophers. Finally, the chapter seeks to point to the next research steps in behavioral law.

Notes on the development of health psychology and behavioral medicine in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lubek ◽  
Monica Ghabrial ◽  
Naomi Ennis ◽  
Sara Crann ◽  
Amanda Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Psychology ◽  
New York ◽  
Behavioral Medicine ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
State University ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

A “standard” historiographical overview of the development of health psychology in the United States, alongside behavioral medicine, first summarizes previous disciplinary and professional histories. A “historicist” approach follows, focussing on a collective biographical summary of accumulated contributions of one cohort (1967–1971) at State University of New York at Stony Brook. Foundational developments of the two areas are highlighted, contextualized within their socio-political context, as are innovative cross-boundary collaboration on “precursor” studies from the 1960s and 1970s, before the official disciplines emerged. Research pathways are traced from social psychology to health psychology and from clinical psychology to behavioral medicine.

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