Psychological distress of dementia patient caregivers residing in Russia and Kazakhstan

The present work addresses the question of psychological distress of the caregivers of patients with dementia. The research covers caregivers residing in Russia and Kazakhstan. The thesis starts with concluding the pre-existing knowledge on the research question, from which the author develops the methods for collection of the primary data. Methodology of the research is designed to analyze the data in a qualitative approach. The thesis builds an understanding of the state of psychological distress in which caregivers of Kazakhstan and Russia live in. To do that, the author conducted a survey with range of multiple choice and open questions that examined the stress triggers and proof of the existence of stress in their lives based on answers. A total of 52 active caregivers answered to a survey consisting of 22 questions. The results show that Russian and Kazakhstani caregivers experience moderate to severe levels of psychological distress due to insufficient funding and informational support, among other reasons.

Neural Experience of Conscious Time

“Pure perception and pure memory constantly intermingle” Henri Bergson, 1908. One can consider that “Time” and “memory” are related experiential facets of mentality. Without memory, there is no Time. To clarify, we distinguish between the physisist’s objective time (pTime), which has no emotive quality or memory component, and the subjective conscious time (cTime), which engages both emotions and memory. Our tripartite mechanism of a neural memory involves neurons interacting with their surrounding extracellular matrix (nECM). Incoming perceptions are chemically encoded in the nECM as metal-centered cognitive units of information (cuinfo), wherein NTs serve as molecular encoders of emotive states In the context of the tripartite mechanism (Marx & Gilon, 2012-2020), we consider two possible modes whereby the temporal sequence of events (i.e. cTime) could be recalled by the sensing neural net. Chemical (allosteric) sensing of cuinfo in the nECM by neural receptors (i.e. GPCR, integrins, etc.) which establish fleeting contact with the nECM as they diffuse along the neural membrane. Effectively, this is a lateral decoding process. Electrodynamic sensing of cuinfo vertically displaced from the neural surface. New nECM components and cuinfo are constantly being formed, like coral growths, extending from the neural surface. The individual neuron senses and decodes the distal cuinfo in the surrounding nECM (like long-distance radar detection). Neural sensing is consolidated and transformed by the net into comprehensive memory. These speculations suggest experimental tests to measure the interactions of the tripartite components, to examine the electro-chemical aspects of neural encoding of memory perceived as cTime.

Considerations of Consciousness and Emotive Memory

The role of chemistry is generally overlooked in theories of consciousness; most neuroscientists focus exclusively on electrodynamic signaling. We argue that chemodynamic signaling modes must also be considered. As an aide to continuing this discourse, we clarify key terms, namely: Feelings, Emotions, Code and Neural net. In particular, we distinguish between “memory” as applied to the binary formatted “information” employed by computers, which lack any affective quality, and “emotive memory”, the recall of subjective “cognitive information” experienced by neural nets. Most concepts of consciousness focused on the electrodynamic activation, witness the many popular books and movies, as well as scientific papers based on this premise. However, the discovery of neurotransmitters (NTs) and development of psychoactive drugs indicates that consciousness is also enabled by chemodynamic processes, which particularly impact affective states. A graphic timeline is presented which highlights the historical milestones in the neuroscientific clarification of signaling modes pertinent to consciousness. We opine that a combined chemodynamic and electrodynamic description of emotive memory will clarify the causative processes from which the experiential consciousness of the neural net emerges. Consider that without chemically encoded emotive memory, a conscious creature could not long survive; its consciousness would be moot.

Mental Health Needs in a Tumultuous Time Frame

Currently, we are living in very emotionally charged, politically correct times. Clients bring some emotional issues and concerns seeking reassurance. This paper will address a few of these issues in an attempt to clarify concerns and to validate the emotional concerns that clients often have. Clients often present with some major issues, and what initially appear to be minor issues, but nevertheless, these issues are of concern to clients and may cause some apprehension, fear, guilt, anxiety and related emotional feelings. Often counselors will help to rationally, logically reasonably investigate these issues and concerns and provide some reassurance. This paper will review a few of these concerns, although there are probably many more.

A Case of Recurrent Acute Abdomen in a Young Lady Masquerading as Somatoform Disorder

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary metabolic disorder having protean manifestations. It usually presents with short duration of gastrointestinal symptoms followed by rapidly progressivefulminant neurological syndrome. It is a neurological emergency and mimics many other psychiatric and medical disorders and can be fatal if it remains undiagnosed and untreated. Further, specifictreatment in the form of Heme arginate is not universally available and very costly, so high clinical suspicion and early diagnosis and management of acute attack and prevention of further attacks are very important. Here, we report a 23 years old married female nurse presenting with recurrent acute abdomen requiring frequent hospital admissions along with convulsion during her last attack. The presence of porphyrins in urine confirms the diagnosis of AIP.

A Bridge between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: An Overview of the Neurobiological Effects of Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy

This study sets out to investigate the mechanisms by which psychoanalytical psychotherapy can induce neurobiological changes. From Neuroscience which, in accordance with his thinking at the time, Freud never disregarded, the concepts of neuronal plasticity, enriched environment and the neurobiological aspects of the attachment process. From Psychoanalysis, the theory of transference, M. Mahler’s psychological evolution model, the concept of the regulating function of the self-objects and Winnicott’s holding environment concept. Together these provide a useful bridge toward the understanding of the neurobiological changes resulting from psychoanalytical psychotherapy. One concludes that psychoanalytical psychotherapy, through transference, acts as a new model of object relation and learning which furthers the development of certain brain areas, specifically, the right hemisphere, and the prefrontal and limbic cortices, which have a regulating function on affects.

Nikola Tesla’s Theory of Frequency Ratios (369) that Produce Resonances Can Explain How Self Hypnosis can strengthen and Direct the Placebo Effect

Pfizer used 20,000 subjects in the placebo group for Covid vaccinations. When injected with the virus, only 95 of the 20,000 test subjects got sick. A French physician in the 1920’s used self hypnosis to treat his patients and had a 98% cure rate. I believe he found a way to strengthen the placebo (the ability of the mind to heal the body) so that medicine was obsolete.

What Does Different Personality Test and Behavioral Test Measure? and Do We Overuse Them?

Like all self-estimated and or self-assessed tests, they require that the person wants and can report truthfully about oneself. But not so many tests that are based on or partly based on self-estimates or sometimes called self-assessed – measure congruence. Congruence is the match between given answers among themselves. Other words that can describe congruence are conformity, uniformity, concord, dictionary of EPT test [8] Therefore, different self-estimated tests measure this in different ways and some do not even measure it . Some test-companies that this research has asked, has refused to answer if they measure something like consistency or reliability at all.

Consciousness 3b

Consciousness is still the most contentious subject at the present. There are researchers who actually cherish an open hatred against consciousness because they feel the idea interferes with their belief that the world is decidedly nothing but a material construct. However, they forget that without them being endowed with awareness they could not be conscious of the fact that there is such a thing as matter. One of these protesters wrote that it was quite easy to imagine a world having developed without consciousness to arrive at what it is now. He, like all such students of the world, forgot that one cannot imagine anything at all without the presence of consciousness. He, like all his fellow students, are like the group of men who, after crossing a dangerous river wanted to make sure if everyone had crossed the waters safely. They all counted the number of the members of the group and found to their horror that there were only nine members who made it safely across. Panic struck them and they all mourned the loss of the tenth man. It is actually quite surprising how easily one can forget the 10th man, the centre of attention. Equally easy it is to follow others blindly instead of with open eyes and original thought. A typical instance of such ‘blindness’ is our willingness to accept the perspective of others. A typical example is the belief that there is such a thing as an objective point of view, with everybody accepting this faulty perspective, not realising that a report is done by a subject and that, to boot, objects have no point of view. The quotes (op. cit. in the main text are from the book entitled ‘The Secret Life of Plants” by Peter Tomkins and Christopher Bird.

Cognitive and Executive Disorders in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Evidence of Mindfulness

The present text carries out a characterization of the anomalous functioning of cognitive and emotional processes governed by the guidelines of a central dysexecutive control, modulated by persistent, negligent, and sometimes insensitive patterns to command lines of detection of external stimuli and required adjustment of focus according to changing keys of a demanding task-oriented context. Rumination as a metacognitive process, once anarchic, is in a domain-free domain capable of usurping memory and attentional resources by retrieving them to the self-referential self, making it a preferred focus of relevance. The ruminative process, slipping into the conscious network normally alert, is incessantly overwritten until it colonizes it, makes it neglect its tasks of observation and surveillance, to instead, abstract it from the outside world and overturn it in a kind of inflated self-absorption or hyper-augmented self-consciousness. The cognitive rumination is postulated as the polymorphic process that serves as a base substrate to explain the logic of appearance and maintenance of both obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depression, these diagnostic entities being the expression of the same polymorphic process. Turned to the future in the TOC and to the past in the TDM. Finally, a review is made of the evidence that the practice of mindfulness has reported in reducing rumination.