scholarly journals Francuski Kodeks procedury cywilnej z 1806 roku - kodeks Napoleona Bonaparte czy Ludwika XIV?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Anna Klimaszewska
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Drastic Change ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
The Law ◽  
The French Revolution

The French Code of Civil Procedure of 1806 remained binding on the Polish territories for about 70 years and it exerted a significant influence on, among others, the shaping of the contemporary Polish terminology in this area.The present publication analyzes the issue of the nature of Code de procédure civile which – despite the extremely strong pressure during the French Revolution to introduce drastic change in the court procedure – in large part reproduced the solutions put forward in the ordinance by Louis XIV from April 1667 (Ordonnance civile touchant la réformation de la justice). On its basis, this branch of the law had been already codified in 17th century. Thus Code de procédure civile was certainly not the first code pertaining to civil procedure in France. Furthermore, the extent of the borrowings described in the article justifies the assumption that it was more of an amendment to the 1667 ordinance rather than a separate codification.

Regicide and Redemptive Violence in the French Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-52
Author(s):  
Kevin Duong
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
The Law ◽  
Louis Xvi ◽  
The French Revolution

This chapter describes how Jacobins crafted a new language of violence during the trial and execution of Louis XVI in the French Revolution: the language of redemptive violence. The execution of the king served as a founding act of French republican democracy. It was also a scene of irregular justice: no legal warrants or procedural precedents existed for bringing a king to justice before the law. Regicide as redemptive violence helped bypass that obstacle. Although redemptive violence had roots in prerevolutionary notions of penal justice and social cohesion, its philosophical ambitions were revolutionary and modern. Analyzing that language illuminates how republican democracy weaponized a distinctive ideology of extralegal violence at its origins. It also helps explain redemptive violence’s enduring appeal during and after the French Revolution.

Toleration and Repression: German States, the Law and the ‘Sects’ in the Long Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 338-361
Author(s):  
Manfred Henke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
General Law ◽  
German States ◽  
The Law ◽  
Revolution Of 1848 ◽  
The Church ◽  
The French Revolution

At the beginning of the period, the Prussian General Law Code did not provide for equal rights for members of ‘churches’ and those of ‘sects’. However, the French Revolution decreed the separation of church and state and the principle of equal rights for all citizens. Between the Congress of Vienna (1815) and the revolution of 1848, Prussian monarchs pressed for the church union of Lutheran and Reformed and advocated the piety of the Evangelical Revival. The Old Lutherans felt obliged to leave the united church, thus eventually forming a ‘sect’ favoured by the king. Rationalists, who objected to biblicism and orthodoxy, were encouraged to leave, too. As Baptists, Catholic Apostolics and Methodists arrived from Britain and America, the number of ‘sects’ increased. New ways of curtailing their influence were devised, especially in Prussia and Saxony.

Local Government in Belgium

1920 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léon Dupriez
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Great Development ◽  
The French Revolution

In Belgium there are two units of local government, the province and the commune.Belgium is divided into nine provinces, the boundaries of which were drawn somewhat arbitrarily by the government of the French Revolution after the conquest of the country in 1795. All the provinces except one are about equal in territorial extent, but they differ considerably in respect to population, which varies from 250,000 to 1,200,000. Thus the province of Luxemburg, whose area exceeds that of any of the others by about a third, has the smallest population; it has neither industrial centers nor any important city (its largest city has a bare 10,000 inhabitants), and it is in large part covered with forests. The differences in population have increased during the last fifty years, as much from the great development of industry in certain provinces as from the growth of certain great urban centers like those of Brussels and Antwerp.There are 2630 communes in Belgium; their boundaries were not established systematically by a single act, nor by a series of acts of the legislative authority. Almost all grew up in the course of centuries, and their boundaries have come into existence only in accordance with very ancient traditions. There are great differences among the communes, not only in respect to their territorial extent (which varies from some hundreds to some tens of thousands of acres), but also in respect to their population. Some little villages have scarcely a hundred inhabitants, whereas Antwerp had more than 300,000 in 1914. Some communes take the name of cities, others are called villages; but that does not make the least difference so far as the law is concerned, nor in respect to the administrative régime to which they are subject.

The People as a Natural Disaster: Redemptive Violence in Jacobin Political Thought

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN DUONG
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The People ◽  
The Law ◽  
Louis Xvi ◽  
The French Revolution

The trial and execution of Louis XVI served as a founding act of French republican democracy. It was also a scene of irregular justice: no legal warrants or procedural precedents existed for bringing a king to justice before the law. This essay describes how Jacobins crafted a new language of popular agency to overcome that obstacle—the language of redemptive violence. Although redemptive violence had roots in prerevolutionary notions of penal justice and social cohesion, its philosophical ambitions were revolutionary and modern. Analyzing that language illuminates how republican democracy weaponized a distinctive ideology of extralegal violence at its origins. It also helps explain redemptive violence's enduring appeal during and after the French Revolution.

The Académie and Its Dictionaries under the Old Regime

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Fitzsimmons
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
French Language ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Berlin Academy ◽  
The French Revolution

Because of criticism of its dictionary, the Académie decided to revise the work rather than begin work on a grammar. It adhered to this pattern throughout the eighteenth century and produced new editions in 1718, 1740, and 1762. The dictionary became the definitive instrument of the French language and enacted changes in it, especially in new spellings introduced in the fourth edition in 1762. Early in the eighteenth century, after he published a pamphlet that criticized Louis XIV, the Académie expelled the abbé de Saint-Pierre, who had wanted the body to assume a larger public policy role. By the latter part of the century, however, its membership included many philosophes. In 1784 Antoine de Rivarol won the prize of the Berlin Academy for his essay on the universality of the French language, heightening the importance of the dictionary, but the fifth edition had not appeared when the French Revolution began in 1789.

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