Calcareous nannofossils from the middle/upper Miocene succession of Pécs-Danitzpuszta, southern Hungary: cosmopolitan Paratethys and endemic Lake Pannon assemblages

Quantitative analyses on calcareous nannofossils were carried out on 109 middle/late Miocene (Sarmatian/ Pannonian) samples from the section at Pécs-Danitzpuszta sand pit (Hungary). The lower part of the section, which can be assigned to the Sarmatian, contains normal marine low-diversity assemblages dominated by Calcidiscus leptoporus, Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus, Sphenolithus moriformis and Syracosphaera spp. accompanied by didemnid ascidian spicules (Perforocalcinela fusiformis). The middle/late Miocene (Sarmatian/Pannonian) boundary is characterized by the last occurrences of normal marine calcareous nannofossils. The upper part of the section (Pannonian) can be subdivided into intervals characterized by monospecific endemic nannofossils Isolithus spp. and ascidians, respectively. A short interval with common endemic coccoliths belonging to the family Noelaerhabdaceae (Bekelithella echinata, Noelaerhabdus bozinovicae, N. jerkovici, Praenoelaerhabdus banatensis) in the upper part of the profile was also documented. The drastic change in nannofossil assemblages at the Sarmatian/Pannonian boundary is a result of paleoenvironmental stress caused by the isolation of the Central Paratethys from the Eastern Paratethys.

Women of War in Paul Auster’s Man in the Dark

Auster’s Man in the Dark includes numerous war stories that altogether contribute to its overall message about the different shape of the world if there were no wars. Most of these war stories are about the miscellaneous effective roles of women during wartime and its aftermath; their contributions to the progress of wars; their victimization as wives and captives; their sufferings as widows and laborers; and their drastic change of identity in accepting new social roles traditionally unachievable. These images of women of war make Man in the Dark a novel about women, although it literally seems not to offer any points about them. This paper is thus to argue that Auster seems to be presenting himself as a pro-feminist in this novel, which is basically about war and what causes war, in highlighting women’s roles during wartime and how their contributions have been unfairly silenced. Keywords: Auster, Man in the Dark, war, women.

The Shine of Pollyannaism in Maya Angelou’s Works

The optimism in life is a pleasurable feel. The small key role in a story makes a huge difference in the universe. The hope helps to jump over the depression, failure, marginalization, etc. to reach the healthy balanced life. The Pollyannaism and Still I Rise holds the similar techniques for the blooming peaceful life. Thinking hopeful, spreading positivity is the major part of the two titles. Seeking good in bad and likes in dislikes are the drastic change of the upbeat personality.

SPLITSVILLE: A Play-with-Music Exploring Improper Divorce Disclosure’s Effects on Children

Going through a divorce is a difficult time for a family, including the children. In this COVID-19 pandemic era, when the divorce rate in Indonesia soars high, I conducted a research to find out how it affects children or how children respond to it, especially when the decision to divorce is taken without their knowledge. To analyze it, I used theories from communication science. From the result of that research, I made a musical script which portrays my findings, in the hopes that readers or audiences can understand children’s perspective of divorce. The findings are the fact that it makes children become aloof and lowers their self-esteem. Even though they have a lot of questions and uncertainties towards the future, they will choose to become distant to avoid the topic of divorce. The reasons being they are afraid that talking about it will bring more drastic change. Other than that, they do not trust their parents as much anymore, since they think that the parents have lied to them.Keywords: divorce, children, communication, aloof, play-with-music, comedy

Life style changes in above 50 years old patients presenting in Urology Department during COVID 19 pandemic - a multicenter survey.

Objective: In the current pandemic of COVID-19 the health care workers are working with social scientist to assist the government policy makers to slow the spread of this disease. These studies are focusing on different social aspects of the disease. A few studies are conducted on the behavior changes in community in response to this pandemic. Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey. Setting: Urology Outpatients Department of Four Hospitals. Period: May 2020. Material & Methods: YouGov behavior change Performa was used for the survey with a 4 points scale from "Not at all" to "Drastic Change". Results: Total 285 patients were included in this study. Among these 191 patients were male while 94 were female. The age range was 50-68 years. Among 285 patients 159 an education level above primary. Among these 285 patients 234 patients (82.1%) belong to urban area while 51 patients (17.9%) belongs to rural area. Regarding change in behavior, 168 patients responded that there is no change, 56 showed a little change, 32 showed significant change and 28 showed drastic change in the habit of hand washing. In change in travel habit 128 mentioned not at all, 84 said a little change, 53 showed significant change and 20 said drastic change. In work from home 120 mentioned not at all, 88 said a little change, 57 showed significant change and 20 said drastic change. In piling of food and medicine 164 mentioned not at all, 96 said a little change and 25 showed significant change while there was no drastic change. In elderly and child care160 mentioned not at all, 68 said a little change and 57 showed significant change while there was no drastic change. In social distancing 160 mentioned not at all, 72 said a little change, 24 showed significant change and 29 said drastic change. In use of face mask 124 mentioned not at all, 132 said a little change, 24 showed significant change and 05 said drastic change. Conclusion: As there is no vaccine for this disease and treatment plans are also under trial so the role of preventive measures increases. The most important preventive measures are wearing of face masks, social distancing and avoidance of unnecessary traveling. As, at present, we can only decrease the spread of disease by adopting preventive measures.

CryoEM structure of the super-constricted two-start dynamin 1 filament

Dynamin belongs to the large GTPase superfamily, and mediates the fission of vesicles during endocytosis. Dynamin molecules are recruited to the neck of budding vesicles to assemble into a helical collar and to constrict the underlying membrane. Two helical forms were observed: the one-start helix in the constricted state and the two-start helix in the super-constricted state. Here we report the cryoEM structure of a super-constricted two-start dynamin 1 filament at 3.74 Å resolution. The two strands are joined by the conserved GTPase dimeric interface. In comparison with the one-start structure, a rotation around Hinge 1 is observed, essential for communicating the chemical power of the GTPase domain and the mechanical force of the Stalk and PH domain onto the underlying membrane. The Stalk interfaces are well conserved and serve as fulcrums for adapting to changing curvatures. Relative to one-start, small rotations per interface accumulate to bring a drastic change in the helical pitch. Elasticity theory rationalizes the diversity of dynamin helical symmetries and suggests corresponding functional significance.

Spanish Poplar Biomass as a Precursor for Nanocellulose Extraction

The effect of acidic hydrolysis duration on nanocellulose size, morphology, and proper ties was investigated, which opens up a whole new horizon of versatility in poplar applications. This study aimed to examine Spanish poplar wastes as raw material to extract crystalline nanocellulose (CNC), which substantiates the importance of poplar wastes. Wastes were pulped using 1 L of 10% NaOH (wt./wt.) solution, and bleached several times by NaClO2; afterwards, white wastes were subjected to acidic hydrolysis by 60% H2SO4 for either 5, 10, or 15 min. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) underwent a similar hydrolysis protocol as poplar as control. TEM, IR, and XRD characterization techniques were performed. Poplar based nanocellulose sized 219 nm length and 69 nm width after 15 min acidic hydrolysis. MCC yielded 122 nm length and 12 nm width crystals after 10 min acidic hydrolysis. Hydrolysis resulted in a drastic change and intense peaks at 3500 and 2900 cm−1 for nanocellulose. Although pre-hydrolysis fiber treatment was not influencial on the crystallinity of poplar, acidic hydrolysis remarkably raised the crystallinity index (CI) by 7–8%. The more hydrolysis duration was prolonged, the size of the resulting crystal (whisker) decreased, and the aspect ratio increased. Hydrolysis was more impactful on MCC than poplar. However, for future work, it seems that longer duration of pulping and bleaching could have significantly removed unwanted components (hemicellulose and lignin), showcased in IR and XRD, and hence smoothened the following hydrolysis.

Key Mental Health Challenges Faced by Covid-19 Warriors

The emergence of Covid-19 has led to a drastic change in the world. The purpose of the study is aimed to analyze the psychological problems faced by the Covid-19 warriors. The focus of the study is narrowed to understand the problems faced by doctors, nurses and police.