scholarly journals Alte und neue Verlaufsformen im Deutschen

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Hans-Werner Eroms

In recent times, German as a language with a well-functioning tense system is developing a special progressive form, marking actions and processes which are continual and not yet terminated. There is a variety of forms like beim Arbeiten or gerade im Begriff sein zu arbeiten, but most usual and by far most grammaticalised is the am-progressive (er ist am Arbeiten, “he is working”). In this paper the restrictions which still exist are discussed. They are limited, but although they are not entirely accepted in standard German, the range of these constructions is extensive. In spite of this fact, the German language does not tend to develop general aspectual markers. A comparison with English shows this clearly. However, in its early periods the German language had overt aspectual characteristics. Especially constructions with the present participle and the auxiliary verbs sein and warden could function as aspect partners. These constructions gradually disappeared at the end of Middle High German. Thus, modern German has only very few aspectual markers, which are restricted to progressive constructions verbalizing actions and processes in actual situations.

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Andreevna Fomicheva

Based on the compositions of pre-courteous epic poetry and chivalric romance written in the Middle High German language, this article reviews the problem of lexical polysemy in relation to the phenomena of homonymy and synonymy, as well as the problem of structural description of lexis. The need for comprehensive examination of polysemous lexemes in the Middle High German language, which includes structural analysis of the meaning of polysemous word and the lexical-thematic group and/or synonymic row it belongs to, well as the study of contextual implementation of the meanings of polysemous word, is substantiated by the principle of diffusivity of meanings of polysemous word that complicates comprising dictionary definitions and creates difficulties for the researcher in distinguishing the meanings of a polysemous word and separating polysemy from homonymy. Based on the example of lexical-thematic group for denomination of edged weapon in the Middle High German Language, the author demonstrates the appropriateness of using lexical-semantic analysis for establishing systemic relations between the analyzed lexemes, as well as postulates the importance of the context in determination of the structure of polysemous word. Discussion of the given examples from the compositions of pre-courteous epic poetry and chivalric romance written in the Middle High German language is accompanied by the author’s clarifications to the dictionary definitions of the lexemes under review. The conclusion is made on feasibility of the authorial approach towards detection of the discrepancies between lexicographic data and use of the lexeme in the texts written in the Middle High German language. The author also believes that this research is valuable from the perspective of lexicographic practice.


Author(s):  
Igor Peresada

Most ancient vowels in the period of the birth of the German language are revealed. The phonetic structure of a single-root German word in the Old High German and Middle High German periods of the development of the German language is described. The statistical frequency of using vowels in the above periods has been determined. Key words: vowels and consonants, Old High German and Middle High German periods, frequency of use


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-370
Author(s):  
Martina Werner

This article investigates the historical development of synthetic compounds with the suffix -erei, such as German Buchleserei ‘book reading’. Synthetic compounding has been attested in older language stages of German, as in Old High German kirihwihî ‘church consecration’ or Middle High German bluotspîunge ‘blood spitting’. In the history of the German language, synthetic compounds are the last step in the development of a nominalizing suffix. Suffixes attach first to simplex bases (such as German Leserei ‘reading’), and only afterwards can they form synthetic compounds with a compound base (such as Bücherleserei ‘reading of books’). The development of verbal synthetic compounding results from three different sources: a) a suffixal pattern based on compound nominals (such as exocentric Freigeist ‘free spirit’ becomes Freigeisterei ‘free spiritedness’), where the pattern develops the ability to nominalize VPs (such as Nichtstuerei ‘doing nothing’); b) root compounds which develop the ability to take a deverbal head suffixed by -erei (such as Venus–Nascherey ‘Venusian nibbling’); and c) low-frequency - erei-compounds which originate from inherited idiomatic compound verbs (such as Ehebrecherei ‘adultery’, lit. ‘marriage-breakery’ > ehebrechen (V) ‘to commit adultery’, lit. ‘to marriage-break’). The paper delineates the three developments for different word formation types which lead to the morphological distribution of present-day German.


2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Loma

Enacted in 1412 by Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarevic, the Mining Code came down to us in two versions, a Cyrillic copy made in the late 16th century and a Latin-alphabet transliteration from 1638, as well as in several translations into Ottoman Turkish. Since the publication of its Cyrillic version in 1962, it has been recognised as a highly valuable source for the history not only of law and economics, but also of the Serbian language. Its linguistic relevance consists not merely in displaying traits of an early dialectal development and rendering a lot of terms borrowed from the Middle High German language of the ?Saxons? (Sasi), settlers who after the second half of 13th century triggered the development of the mining industry in medieval Serbia: moreover, it provides the first attestations of many genuine words of spoken Old Serbian, some of them probably calqued on German patterns. One of these words is osvetiti of the Cyrillic version, apparently identical to Old Serbian osvetiti ?sanctify; impose a legal sanction; revenge? < Common Slavic *obsvetiti, but making no sense in the given context. Yet in the Latin version it occurs twice written with ? rendering e (?yat?), which points to *obsvetiti ?to light up (the mining gallery)?, and such an interpretation seems contextually plausible. If it is true, we have in the Mining Code the single attestation of osvetiti in Serbian outside of the texts written in Church Slavonic. In the vernacular, the verb was replaced by osv(ij)etliti, partly because in the ekavian speeches it became homophonous with osvetiti.


2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-395
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann

Abstract Based on the Reference Corpus of Middle High German (REM) and the Bonn Early New High German Corpus (FnhdC), this paper investigates the development of the German future construction werden + Infinitive as well as constructions that are often seen as its predecessors and/or competitors. The paper focuses on the construction werden + Present Participle but also takes modal verb constructions with mögen, müssen, sollen, and wollen into account. A semantic analysis of the dependent verbs occurring in the constructions with regard to their aspectual characteristics reveals that werden + Infinitive and werden + Present Participle undergo parallel developments that can be seen as context expansion from a grammaticalization-theoretical perspective. The modal verb constructions, by contrast, remain stable with regard to the aspectual semantics of their dependent verbs. Furthermore, it is argued that, following recent theoretical approaches from diachronic Construction Grammar, the complex relationship between werden + Infinitive and werden + Participle can be modelled as ›attraction‹ or contamination between different constructions.


2021 ◽  

Im vorliegenden fünften Band der Reihe MimaSch werden Entstehung, Realisierung und Ergebnisse einer immer wieder geforderten Zusammenarbeit zwischen Schule und Universität dokumentiert. Im Zuge der themen- und kompetenzorientierten Vermittlung Mittelhochdeutscher Sprache und Literatur des Lehrstuhls für Deutsche Philologie des Mittelalters wurde zusammen mit dem E.T.A-Hoffmann-Gymnasium Bamberg in der gymnasialen Oberstufe ein wissenschaftspropädeutisches Seminar zum Heldenbegriff durchgeführt, an dessen Ende erste wissenschaftliche Arbeiten verfasst und präsentiert wurden. In einer Einführung wird u.a. das mittelhochdeutsche Nibelungenlied als Ausgangstext für eine schulische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Heldenbegriff diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wird aus der Sicht der betreuenden Lehrkraft der Mehrwert einer Ko-operation zwischen Schule und Universität gerade im Hinblick der aktuellen Kompetenzorientierung dargelegt. Abschließend werden die Qualifikationsarbeiten der Schüler:innen gesammelt, die eindrucksvoll die Lernprozesse und erzielten Lernerfolge verdeutlichen. In this fifth volume of the MimaSch series, the development, realization and results of a collabo-ration between school and university that has been repeatedly called for are documented. In the course of the topic- and competence-oriented teaching of Middle High German language and literature of the Chair of German Philology of the Middle Ages, a scientific propaedeutic seminar on the concept of the hero was carried out together with the E.T.A Hoffmann Gymnasium Bam-berg in the grammar school upper level, at the end of which the first scientific papers were writ-ten and presented. In an introduction, the Middle High German Nibelungenlied is discussed as a starting text for an educational examination of the concept of the hero. Furthermore, from the perspective of the supervising teacher, the added value of a cooperation between school and uni-versity is demonstrated, especially with regard to the current competence orientation. Finally, the qualification works of the students are compiled, which impressively show the learning processes and achieved learning successes.


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