scholarly journals Metabolic brain measurements in the newborn: Advances in optical technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Bale ◽  
Subhabrata Mitra ◽  
Ilias Tachtsidis
Keyword(s):  
Brain Measurements

Quantitative Brain Measurements in Chronic Schizophrenia

1972 ◽  
Vol 121 (562) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Rosenthal ◽  
Llewellyn B. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Normal Variation ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Organic Brain Disease ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Brain Measurements ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Despite extensive gross and microscopic scrutiny, no consistent pathological findings have emerged from studies of autopsy material from schizophrenic patients. Dunlap (1924) carried out the first controlled study involving schizophrenic and control brains and concluded that ‘there was not even a suspicion of consistent organic brain disease as a basis for the psychosis of schizophrenia’. More recently both Wolf and Cowen (1952), and Weinstein (1954), reviewed the neuropathological literature and concluded that there were no consistent findings at autopsy that could be construed as characteristic of schizophrenia. These authors felt that earlier claims were based on failure to appreciate the range of normal variation in the brain as well as a failure to include an adequate control population in the study.

scholarly journals Alterations in brain morphology by MRI in adults with neurofibromatosis 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Wang ◽  
Victor-Felix Mautner ◽  
Ralph Buchert ◽  
Stephane Flibotte ◽  
Per Suppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Unaffected Control ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
Brain Measurements ◽  
Mri Measurements

Abstract Objective Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that causes the dysregulated growth of Schwann cells. Most reported studies of brain morphology in NF1 patients have included only children, and clinical implications of the observed changes later in life remain unclear. In this study, we used MRI to characterize brain morphology in adults with NF1. Methods Planar (2D) MRI measurements of 29 intracranial structures were compared in 389 adults with NF1 and 112 age- and sex-matched unaffected control subjects. The 2D measurements were correlated with volumetric (3D) brain measurements in 99 of the adults with NF1 to help interpret the 2D findings. A subset (n = 70) of these NF1 patients also received psychometric testing for attention deficits and IQ and was assessed for clinical severity of NF1 features and neurological problems. Correlation analysis was performed between the MRI measurements and clinical and psychometric features of these patients. Results Four of nine corpus callosum measurements were significantly greater in adults with NF1 than in sex- and age-matched controls. All seven brainstem measurements were significantly greater in adults with NF1 than in controls. Increased corpus callosum and brainstem 2D morphology were correlated with increased total white matter volume among the NF1 patients. No robust correlations were observed between the 2D size of these structures and clinical or neuropsychometric assessments. Conclusion Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dysregulation of brain myelin production is an important manifestation of NF1 in adults.

scholarly journals Covariate-Profile Similarity Weighting and Bagging Studies with the Study Strap: Multi-Study Learning for Human Neurochemical Sensing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Loewinger ◽  
Prasad Patil ◽  
Kenneth Kishida ◽  
Giovanni Parmigiani
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
R Package ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Ensemble Classifiers ◽  
Profile Similarity ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Brain Measurements ◽  
And Training

Prediction settings with multiple studies have become increasingly common. Ensembling models trained on individual studies has been shown to improve replicability in new studies. Motivated by a groundbreaking new technology in human neuroscience, we introduce two generalizations of multi-study ensemble predictions. First, while existing methods weight ensemble elements by cross-study prediction performance, we extend weighting schemes to also incorporate covariate similarity between training data and target validation studies. Second, we introduce a hierarchical resampling scheme to generate pseudo-study replicates (“study straps”) and ensemble classifiers trained on these rather than the original studies themselves. We demonstrate analytically that existing methods are special cases. Through a tuning parameter, our approach forms a continuum between merging all training data and training with existing multi-study ensembles. Leveraging this continuum helps accommodate different levels of between-study heterogeneity.Our methods are motivated by the application of Voltammetry in humans. This technique records electrical brain measurements and converts signals into neurotransmitter concentration estimates using a prediction model. Using this model in practice presents a cross-study challenge, for which we show marked improvements after application of our methods. We verify our methods in simulations and provide the studyStrap R package.

scholarly journals 1065 Reference Values of Ultrasound Brain Measurements in Preterm Newborn Infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A305-A306
Author(s):  
J. Wroblewska ◽  
J. Surmik ◽  
I. Maruniak-Chudek ◽  
J. Swietlinski
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Brain Measurements

MRI volumetric brain measurements near onset of illness and outcome in schizophrenia: A prospective longitudinal study with five-year follow-up

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
P. Milev ◽  
B.C. Ho ◽  
S. Arndt ◽  
P. Nopoulos ◽  
N.C. Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Brain Measurements ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

scholarly journals Human/nonhuman primate AC–PC ratio—Considerations for translational brain measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo S. Fiandaca ◽  
Ernesto Aguilar Salegio ◽  
Dali Yin ◽  
R. Mark Richardson ◽  
Francisco E. Valles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Brain Measurements

Primate Brain Measurements

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 261 (5119) ◽  
pp. 277-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Glezer ◽  
P. J. Morgane
Keyword(s):  
Primate Brain ◽  
Brain Measurements

Mr Imaging of Chronic Alcoholism

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hayakawa ◽  
H. Kumagai ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
N. Furusawa ◽  
T. Haga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Cerebellar Atrophy ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Abnormal Signal Intensity ◽  
Interhemispheric Fissure ◽  
Brain Measurements ◽  
The Brain

We evaluated the brain lesions of patients with chronic alcoholism (n = 34) in comparison with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 40) by MR imaging. T1-weighted sagittal and axial images and T2-weighted axial images were obtained with a 0.5 T superconducting MR unit. Various brain measurements were then performed, and the presence of regions of abnormal signal intensity was also compared between the two groups. The brain measurements revealed significant cerebral atrophy (characterized by lateral and 3rd ventricular dilatation, and widening of the interhemispheric fissure) as well as significant cerebellar atrophy (represented by 4th ventricular dilatation) in the alcoholic group. These changes were more prominent in patients in their fifties and sixties than in those aged in the thirties and forties. Focal hypointense lesions were observed in 20.6% of the alcoholics and in 5% of the controls (p < 0.01), while focal hyperintense lesions were observed in 61.8% of the alcoholics and in 20% of the controls (p < 0.001). The severity of these MR findings correlated well with the age of the patients. These observations suggest that alcohol is an important promotor of brain aging.

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