Modelling of stage-discharge relationship using optimisation techniques for Jhelum River in Kashmir Valley, NW Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sheikh Umar ◽  
Mohammad Akbar Lone ◽  
Narendra Kumar Goel ◽  
Mohammad Zakwan
Keyword(s):  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Jhelum River ◽  
Optimisation Techniques

scholarly journals Comparative study of length-weight relationships and biological indices of Himalayan snow trout, Schizothorax labiatus, inhabiting two lotic water bodies in the Kashmir Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Kousar Jan ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Jhelum River

Abstract The length-weight relationship (LWR) plays an important role in fishery management as it can be used to estimate the average weight of a specific length group. The results of the current study revealed that the mean values of regression coefficient b for both sexes of Schizothorax labiatus (McClelland) in the Jhelum River indicated positive allometric growth, while in the Sindh River, the b value for males indicated positive allometric growth and for females negative allometric growth. The value of coefficient of determination r2 for both sexes of S. labiatus was equal to or greater than 0.90 in both water bodies, except for females in the Sindh River. Higher significant (P < 0.05) average values of Fulton’s condition factor (K) and the hepatosomatic index (HSI) for both sexes of S. labiatus were noted in the Jhelum River than in the Sindh River. In contrast, higher significant (P < 0.05) values of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) were recorded in the Sindh River. The data generated during the current study provide basic information for researchers and fish biologists for the conservation and sustainable management of this commercially important food fish species in the Kashmir Valley.

Response of streamflow to climate variability in the source region of Jhelum River Basin in Kashmir valley, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 611-637
Author(s):  
Mifta ul Shafiq ◽  
Ifra Ashraf ◽  
Zahoor ul Islam ◽  
Pervez Ahmed ◽  
A. P. Dimri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Jhelum River ◽  
Jhelum River Basin

scholarly journals Suyyas’s Flood: Numerical Models of Kashmir’s Medieval Megaflood and Ancient Lake Kerewa Drainage Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntaha Urooj ◽  
Roger Bilham ◽  
Bikram S. Bali ◽  
S. Imran Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Ancient Lakes ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Jhelum River

In the mid-ninth century, an earthquake triggered a landslide that blocked the narrow gorge of the Jhelum River where it exits the Kashmir Valley. The landslide impounded a lake that extended ≈100 km along the floor of the valley, implying an impounded volume of ≤21 km3, flooding the capital, Srinagar, and much agricultural land. An engineered breach of the landslide was contrived by a Medieval engineer resulting in the catastrophic release of flood waters. Using reasonable assumptions we calculate the probable minimum drainage time of this Medieval flood (&lt;4 days) and maximum downstream surge velocities (≈12 m/s). These would have been sufficient to transport boulders in the bed of the Jhelum with dimensions of ≈6 m, consistent with those currently present in some reaches of the river. Given the morphology of the Jhelum gorge we consider that landslide outburst floods may have been common in Kashmir’s history. Ancient shorelines indicate that paleo-lake volumes in the Kashmir Valley may have exceeded 400 km3 which, were they released in catastrophic floods, would have been associated with potential downstream outburst velocities &gt;32 m/s, able to transport boulders with dimensions ≈40 m, far in excess of any found in the course of the Jhelum or in the Punjab plains. Their absence suggests that Kashmir’s ancient lakes were not lowered by outburst mechanisms much exceeding those associated with Suyya’s flood. Present-day floods have been many tens of meters shallower than those impounded by landslides in the Jhelum in the past several thousands of years. A challenge for future study will be to date Kashmir’s ancient shorelines to learn how often landslides and major impoundment events may have occurred in the valley.

scholarly journals Flood Realities, Development Faults and Perceptions – Natural and Anthropogenic causes of 2014 Flood in Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISHFAQ HUSSAIN MALIK ◽  
S Najmul Islam Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
The People ◽  
Jhelum River ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract The regularity of risk in modern societies permeates everyday life— from the air that we breathe, to the food that we eat, to the water we drink and to where we work and live. We live in a globalized world associated with risk societies which is caused by a myriad of global processes. These processes interact to produce an unforeseen dangers and endless array of risks. Kashmir being politically and ecologically fragile area needs a special understanding in terms of its physical and political geography. Kashmir suffered the worst flood in last 109 years in the year 2014. The present research analyses the disaster management in Jammu and Kashmir with special emphasis on causes of 2014 flood in Kashmir Valley. It digs deeper into the politics of urbanization and how the state has turned a blind eye to lake encroachment and land grab. The flood occurred due to the mismanagement of the resources and the faulty means of development. Increased level of urbanisation and its unplanned growth, and encroachment on the banks of Jhelum River proved to be detrimental to the environment and people. The other factors like deforestation, glacial melt and destruction of wetlands in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem particularly in the Western Himalayas, lack of proper disaster management plan in the valley, climate change, land grab, extensive catchment of Jhelum River, administrative laxity, lack of proper flood channel for Jhelum River etc. corroborated in the occurrence of the flood. The combination of these factors increased the vulnerability of the people to the 2014 flood in Kashmir Valley. Natural calamities are known to change politics, and floods are a great leveller. The political instability and unsettled conditions in Kashmir compound problems many times over.

Design of digital differentiators satisfying prescribed specifications using optimisation techniques

1991 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sunder ◽  
W.-S. Lu ◽  
A. Antoniou ◽  
Y. Su
Keyword(s):  
Optimisation Techniques

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF THE THREE SITES (GRAZED SITE, PROTECTED SITE AND SEED SOWN SITE) FOR COMPARING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN KASHMIR VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AFSHAN ANJUM BABA ◽  
SYED NASEEM UL-ZAFAR GEELANI ◽  
ISHRAT SALEEM ◽  
MOHIT HUSAIN ◽  
PERVEZ AHMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protected Site

The plant biomass for protected areas was maximum in summer (1221.56 g/m2) and minimum in winter (290.62 g/m2) as against grazed areas having maximum value 590.81 g/m2 in autumn and minimum 183.75 g/m2 in winter. Study revealed that at Protected site (Kanidajan) the above ground biomass ranged was from a minimum (1.11 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum (4.58 t ha-1) in the summer season while at Grazed site (Yousmarag), the aboveground biomass varied from a minimum (0.54 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum of 1.48 t ha-1 in summer seasonandat Seed sown site (Badipora), the lowest value of aboveground biomass obtained was 4.46 t ha-1 in spring while as the highest (7.98 t ha-1) was obtained in summer.

Radiometric Chronology of Neh–nar Glacier, Kashmir

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (98) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Nijampurkar ◽  
N. Bhandari ◽  
C. P. Vohra ◽  
V. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Movement Rate ◽  
Accumulation Zone ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Two Component

AbstractSurface and core samples of Neh–nar Glacier in the Kashmir Valley have been analysed for the radionuclides 32Si. 210Pb, 40K, and 137Cs. The lateral and vertical profiles (at an altitude of about 4 140 m) reveal:(1)32Si activity decreasing slowly from the accumulation zone to 4 050 m altitude and then abruptly towards the snout.(2)Five zones of alternating high and low 210Pb activity in the surface samples.(3)An horizon at between 2 and 3 m depth containing 210Pb activity above natural levels. This horizon is also associated with 137Cs and a maximum in total ß activity.The ice samples have been dated on the basis of a simplified two–component model, the “fresh“contribution determined by 2l0Pb and the old component by 32Si. The following conclusions can be drawn from these observations:(1)The model age of the snout ice is c. 850 years.(2)The average rate of ice movement in the lower glacier is about 2 m/year, which compares well with the annual movement rate of 2.65 m/year observed since 1974.

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