Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index Is a Useful Indicator of Insulin Resistance in Japanese Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) in siblings of patients with Type 2 DM, and to assess insulin release and insulin sensitivity in siblings with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), compared with NGT spouses of probands without family history of Type 2 DM. DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 87 families including 103 Type 2 DM patients (87 probands), and we carried out an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 130 siblings and in 60 spouses. Among NGT subjects, 12 siblings and 16 spouses underwent a low-dose insulin-glucose infusion test (LDIGIT) to evaluate C-peptide release and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: After the OGTT, 24 siblings were classified as having Type 2 DM, 31 as IGT, and only 14 spouses as IGT (P=0.0012 vs siblings). NGT siblings (n=75) showed higher insulin levels at 120 min than NGT spouses (n=46) at OGTT, in spite of identical blood glucose levels; at LDIGIT, NGT siblings secreted more C-peptide and showed a lower insulin sensitivity than NGT spouses. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that middle-aged siblings of probands with Type 2 DM have a high frequency of IGT and Type 2 DM, and that NGT siblings have increased insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion when compared with adequate controls.

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Increased oxidative stress is associated with decreased circulating levels of adiponectin in Japanese metabolically obese, normal-weight men with normal glucose tolerance

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2006.02.014 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 310-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Akira Katsuki ◽

Mina Suematsu ◽

Esteban C. Gabazza ◽

Shuichi Murashima ◽

Kaname Nakatani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Metabolically Obese Normal Weight ◽

Circulating Levels

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Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance, Hyperinsulinemia with Normal Blood Glucose Tolerance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes (Prediabetes Insulin Resistance Research)

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/9270768 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Guang Yang ◽

Chunlin Li ◽

Yanping Gong ◽

Fusheng Fang ◽

Hui Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Sensitivity Indices ◽

Normal Glucose

Aim.To evaluate the differences in insulin resistance (IR) among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), hyperinsulinemia with NGT (HINS), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods.5 NGT, 25 HINS, 25 IGT, and 25 T2DM subjects participated in this research. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique (HECT) was performed in all of them to evaluate IR levels. The relative factors influencing IR were evaluated. The simple insulin sensitivity indices were calculated, and the correlation between each index and the M value was analyzed.Results.TheMvalues of NGT, HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were 11.88 ± 2.93 mg·kg−1·min−1, 6.23 ± 1.73 mg·kg−1·min−1, 6.37 ± 2.12 mg·kg−1·min−1, and 6.19 ± 1.89 mg·kg−1·min−1, respectively.Mvalues in HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were lower than those in the NGT group (P=0.005); however, the differences among the HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups were not statistically significant (P=0.835). The independent factors influencing theMvalue were waistline and fasting insulin level (FINS). The simple insulin sensitivity indices, especially Matsuda and Gutt index, were significantly associated with theMvalue (P<0.01).Conclusion.IR existed in the HINS, IGT, and T2DM groups, and IR levels were consistent in the three groups. The independent factors influencing IR were waistline and FINS.

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Dissociation Between Insulin Resistance and Abnormalities in Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations and Sizes in Normal-Weight Chinese Adults

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.651199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Kaare Tranæs ◽

Cherlyn Ding ◽

Yu Chung Chooi ◽

Zhiling Chan ◽

John Choo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Lipoprotein Subclass ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Lipoprotein Particle ◽

Normal Glucose

Insulin resistance in obesity coincides with abnormalities in lipid profile and lipoprotein subclass distribution and size even before abnormalities in glucose homeostasis manifest. We aimed to assess this relationship in the absence of obesity. Insulin sensitivity (3-h intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling) and lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes (proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were evaluated in 15 insulin-resistant and 15 insulin-sensitive lean Asians of Chinese descent with normal glucose tolerance, matched on age, sex, and body mass index. Despite a ~50% lower insulin sensitivity index (Si) in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive subjects, which was accompanied by significantly greater acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and fasting insulin concentration but not different fasting glucose concentration, there were no significant differences between groups in the blood lipid profile (p ≥ 0.44) or the lipoprotein subclass concentrations (p ≥ 0.30) and particle sizes (p ≥ 0.43). We conclude that, contrary to observations in subjects with obesity, insulin resistance is not accompanied by unfavorable changes in the plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in lean Asians with normal glucose tolerance. Therefore, insulin resistance at the level of glucose metabolism is mechanistically or temporally dissociated from lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03264001.

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