scholarly journals Lean mass inversely predicts plasma glucose levels after oral glucose load independent of insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity in glucose intolerance subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirateep Kwankaew ◽  
Sunee Saetung ◽  
Suwannee Chanprasertyothin ◽  
Rattana Leelawattana ◽  
Chatchalit Rattarasarn
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Levels

scholarly journals Glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness in Gitelman syndrome patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Lanping Jiang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Peng ◽  
Min Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

Objective Impaired glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity have been reported in patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS), but insulin secretion and the related mechanisms are not well understood. Design and methods The serum glucose levels, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in patients with GS (n = 28), patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals (n = 20 in both groups) using an oral glucose tolerance test. Serum and urine sodium, potassium and creatinine levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after an oral glucose load was administered. Results The areas under the serum glucose curves were higher in the GS patients than those in the healthy controls (17.4 ± 5.1 mmol·h/L vs 14.5 ± 2.8 mmol·h/L, P = 0.02) but lower than those in the DM patients (24.8 ± 5.3 mmol·h/L, P < 0.001). The areas under the serum insulin curves and the insulin secretion indexes in GS patients were higher than those in DM patients and lower than those in healthy subjects. The insulin secretion-sensitivity index of GS patients was between that of healthy subjects and DM patients, but the insulin sensitivity indices were not different among the three groups. After one hour of glucose administration, the serum potassium level significantly decreased from baseline, and the urinary potassium-to-creatinine ratio increased gradually and peaked at 2 h. Conclusions Glucose metabolism and insulin secretion were impaired in GS patients, but insulin sensitivity was comparable between GS patients and patients with type 2 DM. After administration of an oral glucose load, the plasma potassium level decreased in GS patients due to the increased excretion of potassium in the urine.

Acute Effect of Chili Consumption on Thermogenesis and Glycemic Response Following Oral Glucose Load in Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294
Author(s):  
Muriel Ávila-Seguel ◽  
Constanza Márquez-Urrizola ◽  
Gislaine Granfeldt ◽  
Katia Saez-Carrillo ◽  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Effect ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Hypoglycemic and thermogenic effects are attributed to the capsaicinoid compounds (capsaicin). The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the consumption of 5g of chili pepper on thermogenesis and the glycemic response. In a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental study, the energy expenditure (EE) of 15 healthy men was evaluated by using indirect calorimetry at rest and with the consumption of 5g of Capsicum annum. In addition, the glycemic response after an oral glucose load was evaluated. After the consumption of C. annum, there was a significant increase in the EE of all the participants during the first few seconds postchili consumption. In sedentary participants, the consumption of chili pepper caused a significant decrease of blood glucose levels. The consumption of chili pepper has a potential immediate thermogenic effect during the first few seconds and, in sedentary people, it has a potential hypoglycemic effect.

Genetic and clinical characterisation of maturity-onset diabetes of the young in Spanish families

2000 ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Costa ◽  
M Bescos ◽  
G Velho ◽  
J Chevre ◽  
J Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Maturity Onset Diabetes ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Onset Diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequencies of the major maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) subtypes in a panel of Spanish families and to assess phenotypic differences in patients with the different subtypes of MODY. METHODS: Forty-eight subjects from twenty families with clinical diagnosis of MODY were studied. They underwent a standardised clinical examination and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Estimations of insulin sensitivity (%S) and insulin secretion capacity (%B) were calculated by the computer-solved homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Mutations in the coding regions of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha/MODY1, glucokinase (GCK/MODY2) and HNF-1alpha/MODY3 genes were investigated by single strand comformation polymorphism and sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Mutations in the GCK and HNF-1alpha genes were observed in 5 (25%) and 7 (35%) families respectively. Novel mutations included R385X, M238fsdelT, V226fsdelTinsAA and S418-7del11 in the GCK gene, and S121fsdelC, V133M, R159Q and V259D in the HNF-1alpha gene. No MODY1 families were found. Subjects which were neither MODY2 nor MODY3 (MODY-X) had a higher fasting glucose than subjects in the other groups. Insulin secretion capacity was similar in the three groups and the insulin sensitivity was decreased in MODY-X subjects. Glucose levels were significantly higher and insulin levels significantly lower, throughout the OGTT, in MODY3 compared with MODY2 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in the GCK/MODY2 and HNF-1alpha/MODY3 genes account for the majority of cases in a panel of Spanish MODY families, with MODY3 being the most frequent subtype. The relative frequencies and the clinical characteristics of these MODY subtypes are in agreement with data previously reported in other European populations. MODY-X patients seem to present a heterogeneous clinical profile.

Metoprolol in Diabetes Mellitus: Effect on Glucose Homeostasis

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 469s-472s ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Garrett ◽  
P. Raskin ◽  
N. M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

1. In eight hypertensive diabetic subjects receiving hydrochlorothiazide, glucose homeostasis as measured by the changes in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon after an oral glucose load was not significantly affected by 8 weeks of therapy with metoprolol. 2. The combination of metoprolol plus hydrochlorothiazide significantly lowered blood pressure in all subjects. 3. Plasma renin activity was suppressed by therapy with metoprolol.

A defect in insulin release in women at risk of future non-insulin-dependent diabetes

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Dornhorst ◽  
Simon G. M. Edwards ◽  
Jonathan S. D. Nicholls ◽  
Victor Anyaoku ◽  
Duncan Mclaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Previous Gestational Diabetes

1. A study on seven Caucasian glucose-tolerant women with previous gestational diabetes and seven matched control subjects is presented. The insulin response to oral glucose, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose production rates were measured by using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, an insulin tolerance test and a non-radioactive tracer, [6,6-2H]glucose, respectively. 2. Fasting plasma glucose levels were similar between the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (4.8 ± 0.3 versus 4.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l), as were fasting plasma insulin levels (median 4 m-units/l, range 1–13 m-units/l versus median 4 m-units/l, range 1–24 m-units/l). After oral glucose the 60 min plasma glucose levels in the women with previous gestational diabetes were significantly higher (8.5 ± 0.6 versus 6.7 ± 0.8 mmol/l, P < 0.05), whereas the plasma insulin level was significantly lower at both 30 min (median 23 m-units/l, range 4–47 m-units/l versus median 55 m-units/l, range 23–100 m-units/l, P < 0.02) and at 60 min (median 23 m-units/l, range 4–43 m-units/l versus median 60 m-units/l, range 16–126 m-units/l, P< 0.02). 3. Insulin sensitivity, expressed as the slope of the regression line of plasma glucose level against time after intravenous infusion of insulin (0.05 unit/kg), was similar in the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (mean slope, −0.17 ± 0.01 versus −0.17 ± 0.01). 4. Fasting glucose production rates were similar in the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (2.2 ± 0.3 versus 1.9 ± 0.1 mg min−1 kg−1). 5. Women with previous gestational diabetes, a group at risk of future non-insulin-dependent diabetes, have abnormalities of insulin release at a time when insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose production are normal.

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