Presyncope and Hemoptysis after Breath-Hold Diving

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Nassikas ◽  
Samuel Evans ◽  
Eric Gartman
Keyword(s):  
Breath Hold

Comparison of breath-hold and free-breathing quantitative pulmonary perfusion MRI

Pneumologie ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Maxien ◽  
M Ingrisch ◽  
F Meinel ◽  
S Thieme ◽  
MF Reiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Breathing ◽  
Perfusion Mri ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Pulmonary Perfusion

Breath-Hold Gadolinium-enhanced MRA: Clinical Application

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Sung Gwon Kang ◽  
Ji Hee Kang ◽  
Won Hong Kim ◽  
Myung Kwan Lim ◽  
Young Kook Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Breath Hold

Skin Cooling on Breath-Hold Duration and Predicted Emergency Air Supply Duration During Immersion

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 578-585
Author(s):  
Victory C. Madu ◽  
Heather Carnahan ◽  
Robert Brown ◽  
Kerri-Ann Ennis ◽  
Kaitlyn S. Tymko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Skin Exposure ◽  
Breathing Apparatus ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Breath Hold Duration

PURPOSE: This study was intended to determine the effect of skin cooling on breath-hold duration and predicted emergency air supply duration during immersion.METHODS: While wearing a helicopter transport suit with a dive mask, 12 subjects (29 ± 10 yr, 78 ± 14 kg, 177 ± 7 cm, 2 women) were studied in 8 and 20°C water. Subjects performed a maximum breath-hold, then breathed for 90 s (through a mouthpiece connected to room air) in five skin-exposure conditions. The first trial was out of water for Control (suit zipped, hood on, mask off). Four submersion conditions included exposure of the: Partial Face (hood and mask on); Face (hood on, mask off); Head (hood and mask off); and Whole Body (suit unzipped, hood and mask off).RESULTS: Decreasing temperature and increasing skin exposure reduced breath-hold time (to as low as 10 ± 4 s), generally increased minute ventilation (up to 40 ± 15 L · min−1), and decreased predicted endurance time (PET) of a 55-L helicopter underwater emergency breathing apparatus. In 8°C water, PET decreased from 2 min 39 s (Partial Face) to 1 min 11 s (Whole Body).CONCLUSION: The most significant factor increasing breath-hold and predicted survival time was zipping up the suit. Face masks and suit hoods increased thermal comfort. Therefore, wearing the suits zipped with hoods on and, if possible, donning the dive mask prior to crashing, may increase survivability. The results have important applications for the education and preparation of helicopter occupants. Thermal protective suits and dive masks should be provided.Madu VC, Carnahan H, Brown R, Ennis K-A, Tymko KS, Hurrie DMG, McDonald GK, Cornish SM, Giesbrecht GG. Skin cooling on breath-hold duration and predicted emergency air supply duration during immersion. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):578–585.

Hyperbaric treatment of air or gas embolism: current recommendations

2019 ◽  
pp. 673-683
Author(s):  
Richard E. Moon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Gas Embolism ◽  
Hyperbaric Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Venous Gas Embolism

Gas can enter arteries (arterial gas embolism, AGE) due to alveolar-capillary disruption (caused by pulmonary over-pressurization, e.g. breath-hold ascent by divers) or veins (venous gas embolism, VGE) as a result of tissue bubble formation due to decompression (diving, altitude exposure) or during certain surgical procedures where capillary hydrostatic pressure at the incision site is subatmospheric. Both AGE and VGE can be caused by iatrogenic gas injection. AGE usually produces stroke-like manifestations, such as impaired consciousness, confusion, seizures and focal neurological deficits. Small amounts of VGE are often tolerated due to filtration by pulmonary capillaries; however VGE can cause pulmonary edema, cardiac “vapor lock” and AGE due to transpulmonary passage or right-to-left shunt through a patient foramen ovale. Intravascular gas can cause arterial obstruction or endothelial damage and secondary vasospasm and capillary leak. Vascular gas is frequently not visible with radiographic imaging, which should not be used to exclude the diagnosis of AGE. Isolated VGE usually requires no treatment; AGE treatment is similar to decompression sickness (DCS), with first aid oxygen then hyperbaric oxygen. Although cerebral AGE (CAGE) often causes intracranial hypertension, animal studies have failed to demonstrate a benefit of induced hypocapnia. An evidence-based review of adjunctive therapies is presented.

Measurement of Absolute Epicardial Coronary Artery Flow and Flow Reserve With Breath-Hold Cine Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Circulation ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 2627-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey D. Clarke ◽  
Robin Eckels ◽  
Curtis Chaney ◽  
Dorothy Smith ◽  
Jason Dittrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Contrast Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Cine Phase Contrast

scholarly journals PO-0836: Impact of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold on Left Anterior Coronary dose in Left Breast irradiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. S450-S451
Author(s):  
F. Azoury ◽  
S. Achkar ◽  
N. Farah ◽  
D. Nasr ◽  
C. El Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Breast ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Deep Inspiration ◽  
Breast Irradiation ◽  
Deep Inspiration Breath Hold
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