7. The Generation of Identity: The Long-Distance Nationalism of the Second Generation

Solitary plants of Asplenium platyneuron occur disjunctively on recently produced coal spoils in southern Iowa. They are assumed to have been produced by self-fertilization of isolated gametophytes and therefore highly homozygous. Cultures of isolated and paired gametophytes originating from these solitary sporophytes produced second-generation sporophytes with 89 and 93% success, respectively, indicating a low genetic load as expected. The failure of gametophytes from coal-spoil plants to produce sporophytes with even greater success may result from homoeologous chromosome pairing and recombination at meiosis which allows production of variable spores and expression of genetic load from plants produced by self-fertilization of single gametophytes. Cultures of isolated and paired gametophytes originating from sporophytes in populations central to the species' range produced second-generation sporophytes with 83 and 90% success, respectively, indicating a significantly greater genetic load in populations but still a relatively low genetic load for the species. Through low genetic load, regularity of sporophyte production from isolated gametophytes, and ability of such plants to release variability through homoeologous chromosome pairing, Asplenium platyneuron is remarkably adapted for, and successful in, colonizing distant habitats through long-range spore dispersal.

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Coming of Age in the Diaspora: Bollywood and the Representation of Second Generation British Indian Diaspora

CINEJ Cinema Journal ◽

10.5195/cinej.2021.366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 114-146

Author(s):

Utsa Mukherjee ◽

Anil Pradhan ◽

Ravinder Barn

Keyword(s):

Social Reproduction ◽

Second Generation ◽

Coming Of Age ◽

Indian Diaspora ◽

Long Distance ◽

Popular Films ◽

Indian Identity ◽

The Uk ◽

Social Conservatism

Bollywood films are a unique visual repository of India’s public imaginings, and they can, therefore, serve as guides to how India sees its past, present, and aspirational future (Dwyer, 2010). Through close intertextual readings of three key popular films depicting British Indian youth, this article explores the ways in which the UK-born/raised second-generation Indian diaspora has come to be represented within Bollywood. We argue that inter-generational negotiations around long-distance nationalism, social reproduction, and marriage are pivotal to the articulation and regulation of diasporic youth subjectivities in Bollywood films. By foregrounding the interplay of gender, sexuality, and nation, our analysis illuminates the role of Bollywood in mediating a transnational Indian identity which is tethered simultaneously to economic neoliberalism and social conservatism.

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Eritrea’s Chosen Trauma and the Legacy of the Martyrs: The Impact of Postmemory on Political Identity Formation of Second-Generation Diaspora Eritreans

Africa Spectrum ◽

10.1177/0002039720977495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 19-38

Author(s):

Nicole Hirt

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Political Identity ◽

Media Analysis ◽

Social Media Analysis ◽

Long Distance ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Long Term Observation ◽

The Impact

In the collective memory of Eritreans, the liberation struggle against Ethiopia symbolises the heroic fight of their fallen martyrs against oppression. After independence, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front created an autocratic regime, which is adored by many second-generation diaspora Eritreans living in democracies. I engage with bodies of literature exploring the political importance of collective trauma in post-conflict societies and apply two theoretical notions, “postmemory” and “chosen trauma,” to explain how the government’s narrative of Eritrean history produced a culture of nationalism through the glorification of the martyrs. This narrative and the trauma experienced by their parents created experiences of postmemory among the second-generation diaspora that have influenced their worldview. I demonstrate how Eritrean pro-government activists utilise US-born artists who recently discovered their Eritreanness, such as Tiffany Haddish, to instil long-distance nationalism. The article is based on a social media analysis, long-term observation of Eritrean diaspora communities, and recent fieldwork.

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Transnationalism in the Aftermath of the Haiti Earthquake: Reinforcing Ties and Second-Generation Identity

Journal of Black Studies ◽

10.1177/0021934710394444 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 203-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Garvey Lundy

Keyword(s):

Second Generation ◽

Historical Context ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Popular Media ◽

Long Distance ◽

The Public ◽

Transnational Ties ◽

Haitian Diaspora ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Impact

This article examines, first, the response of the Haitian Diaspora to the earthquake of January 12, 2010. This research operates within the theoretical framework of transnationalism, and Haitians living outside their country of origin are shown to make use of political, economic, and communication ties to assist loved ones back home and to begin the process of rebuilding their nation. Transnational ties facilitated by corporate entities, the state, and individuals are viewed as essential elements in forging what is often referred to as long-distance nationalism. Second, the article investigates the impact of the earthquake on the identity of members of the second generation—a group susceptible to the vicissitudes of the public portrayal of Haiti in the popular media and the historical context of Haitian immigrant reception. Results indicate that Haitian identity among the second generation is resilient and, indeed, the earthquake did not diminish identification with Haiti but rather increased it.

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The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119867 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 632-635

Author(s):

James Cronshaw

Keyword(s):

Structural Studies ◽

High Concentration ◽

Long Distance ◽

Phloem Tissue ◽

Sieve Elements ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

P Protein ◽

Companion Cells ◽

Electron Microscopical ◽

Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

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Second-Generation Antidepressants May Be Safer

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(08)70770-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (14) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

SHERRY BOSCHERT

Keyword(s):

Second Generation

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Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000201 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Schweizer ◽

Hügli ◽

Koella ◽

Jeanneret

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Leg Pain ◽

Walking Distance ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Long Distance ◽

Entrapment Syndrome ◽

Long Distance Running ◽

Popliteal Entrapment ◽

Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patientsage. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

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Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000062 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 106-112

Author(s):

Anita Shrivastava ◽

Andrea Burianova

Keyword(s):

Attachment Styles ◽

Romantic Relationship ◽

Distinct Type ◽

Relational Satisfaction ◽

Long Distance ◽

Avoidant Attachment ◽

Geographic Separation ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

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