Bootstrapping language acquisition from a minimalist standpoint: On the identification of ϕ-features in Brazilian Portuguese

Author(s):  
Letícia Sicuro Corrêa
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Carmen Lúcia Barreto Matzenauer

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a construção gradativa da gramática no processo de aquisição da fonologia por crianças falantes nativas do português do Brasil, com foco na constituição do inventário de segmentos consonantais. A sistematicidade do processo pôde ser reconhecida e explicitada com os pressupostos teóricos propostos por Clements ([2005] 2009), que apresenta, com base em traços distintivos, princípios que, de forma interativa, são determinantes da organização de inventários fonológicos das línguas. A análise, com fundamento em dois princípios chamados neste estudo – o Princípio de Robustez e o Princípio de Economia de Traços –, pôde trazer evidências de que há tendências universais subjacentes à formação das gramáticas fonológicas das crianças em fase de aquisição da linguagem, assim como ocorre em relação à constituição dos inventários fonológicos das línguas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aquisição fonológica. Inventário consonantal. Princípios universais. ABSTRACTThis paper presents a reflection on the gradual construction of grammar in the process of phonological acquisition by children who are native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on the constitution of the consonantal segment inventory. The systematicity of the process could be recognized and explained by Clements’ theoretical presuppositions ([2005] 2009), whose distinctive feature-based principles, in an interactive way, have determined the organization of the phonological inventories of languages. Based on two principles – Robustness and Feature Economy –, the analysis that was carried out in this study could evidence that there are universal tendencies underlying the formation of children’s phonological grammars in their language acquisition process, as well as in the constitution of the phonological inventories of languages. KEY-WORDS: Phonological acquisition. Consonantal inventory. Universal principles.  


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Gildete Rocha Xavier

O acesso à Gramática Universal (GU) por aprendizes de segunda língua (L2) tem sido um tema de grande relevância nos estudos Gerativistas nos últimos trinta anos (White, 1989; Eubank 1991; Epstein et al. 1996). Uma visão contrária é encontrada em Clahsen e Muysken (1996) que defendem a Hipótese do Acesso Nulo. Na presente pesquisa, defendemos o acesso à GU por adultos estrangeiros aprendizes do português brasileiro como L2, mas, ao contrário do que postulam Epstein et al (1996) com a Hipótese do Acesso Total, mostramos que o aprendiz de L2 pode ter acesso à GU também através da sua L1.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Teoria gerativa. Gramática universal. Aquisição da linguagem. Segunda língua. Sujeito nulo. ABSTRACTAccess to Universal Grammar (UG) by second language learners (L2) has been a topic of great relevance in the field of generative studies in the last thirty years (White, 1989; Eubank, 1991; Epstein et al, 1996). A different view can be found in Clashen & Muysken (1996) who defend the Null Access Hypothesis. In this study, we defend UG access by adults learning Brazilian Portuguese as a second language. But we don’t agree with Epstein et al, (1996) with the Full Access Hypotheses, on the contrary, we will show that second language learners can also have access to UG through their L1.KEYWORDS: Generative theory. Universal grammar. Language acquisition. Second language. Null subject.  


2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Gildete Rocha Xavier

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar como se dá a aquisição do sujeito nulo do Português Brasileiro L2 por falantes nativos de Inglês e Italiano em situação de imersão. A pesquisa desenvolve-se no âmbito da gramática gerativa, (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986, 1993, 1995, 2000). As questões da pesquisa estão relacionadas à questão do acesso à Gramática Universal.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gramática gerativa. Princípios e parâmetros. Aquisição de segunda língua. Sujeito nulo. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the acquisition of the null subject in Brazilian Portuguese as a second language by native speakers of English and Italian. The research was developed within the framework of Generative Grammar (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986, 1993, 1995, 2000). This research attempted to investigate whether the L2 learners have access to the Universal Grammar.KEYWORDS: Generative grammar. Principles and parameters. Second language acquisition. Null subject.


2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walcir Cardoso

AbstractOne of the core problems in second language acquisition theory is how to describe and explain the highly variable (yet rule-governed) speech of second language learners. Is such variation simply random and most likely due to the first language's interference, or is it governed (at least in part) by general rules that reflect language universals? Within a multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of variability in second language acquisition, this article addresses these questions in the context of a cross-sectional study involving the acquisition of word-final stops by Brazilian Portuguese speakers learning English in a classroom environment. The study follows a sociolinguistic approach for data collection and the analysis is couched within a stochastic version of Optimality Theory.


Author(s):  
Erika Suellem Castro Da Silva

Technology has been used for a variety of activities in our daily routine, including language learning. In that context, tandem modality has spread significantly (Telles; Vassalo, 2006; Souza, 2007; Telles; Ferreira, 2010). Basically, tandem requires two interactants to learn each other’s language in a collaborative way. Correction and feedback are essential elements in that modality. For this study, part of a project developed in a subject of the English Undergraduate Course at Pará State University (UEPA), we have pointed out the tandem learning in Hello Talk app of a German student learning Brazilian Portuguese by interacting with a Brazilian student learning English and German. We have observed specifically the interlanguage of the Brazilian Portuguese learner, regarding that errors are part of a complex process (Spinassé, 2006) of language acquisition, with its own systematicity, variability (Henriques, 2012) and specific levels.


2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Adriana Stella Cardoso Lessa-de-Oliveira

Este estudo focaliza a aquisição das estratégias relativas em português brasileiro (PB), com base em corpora naturalísticos-longitudinais investigados por Lessa-de-Oliveira (2008). Assumindo a noção Economia de Hornstein (2007) para movimento, proponho que a relativa padrão é adquirida antes da não-padrão, no caso das relativas não-preposicionais, porque esta é a opção mais econômica. E, com base na noção de Economia de Roeper (2003) e nas propostas de Kato (1993) e Kato e Nunes (2009) para as estruturas de relativas não-padrão em PB, argumento que a dificuldade na aquisição das relativas com pied-piping se deve a uma complexidade inerente à operação de pied-piping.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Aquisição da Linguagem. Economia (Sintaxe). Relativas Apositivas. Relativas Não-Padrão. Relativas Restritivas. ABSTRACT This study focuses on the acquisition of relativization strategies in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), based on corpora investigated by Lessa-de-Oliveira (2008). Assuming Hornstein’s (2007) Economy notion to movement, I propose that the standard relativization strategy is acquired before the non-standard strategy in the case of the non-prepositional relatives because it relies on the more economical option. Moreover, using Roeper’s (2003) Economy notion and Kato’s (1993) and Kato and Nunes’s (2009) proposal to structures of non-standard relatives in BP, I argue that the difficulty in the acquisition of pied-piping relatives is due to the inherent complexity of the pied-piping operation.KEYWORD: Language Acquisition.. Economy (Syntax). Appositive Relatives. Non-Standard Relative. Restrictive Relatives.


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Lotem ◽  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Joseph Y. Halpern ◽  
Luca Onnis ◽  
Shimon Edelman

AbstractAs a highly consequential biological trait, a memory “bottleneck” cannot escape selection pressures. It must therefore co-evolve with other cognitive mechanisms rather than act as an independent constraint. Recent theory and an implemented model of language acquisition suggest that a limit on working memory may evolve to help learning. Furthermore, it need not hamper the use of language for communication.


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