The Influence of Early Monolingual Dictionaries and Word Lists on the Standardisation of English Spelling

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Sönmez
Keyword(s):  
Word Lists ◽  
English Spelling

Speeded Probed Recall Is Affected by Grouping

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-394
Author(s):  
Sergio Morra ◽  
Valentina Epidendio
Keyword(s):  
Serial Order ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Order Representation ◽  
Interstimulus Intervals ◽  
Gradient Models

Abstract. Most of the evidence from previous studies on speeded probed recall supported primacy-gradient models of serial order representation. Two experiments investigated the effect of grouping on speeded probed recall. Six-word lists, followed by a number between 1 and 6, were presented for speeded recall of the word in the position indicated by the number. Grouping was manipulated through interstimulus intervals. In both experiments, a significant Position × Grouping interaction was found in RT. It is concluded that the results are not consistent with models of order representation only based on a primacy gradient. Possible alternative representations of serial order are also discussed; a case is made for a holistic order representation.

False Memory for Associated Word Lists in Individuals and Collaborating Groups

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Weigold ◽  
Ruth H. Maki ◽  
Abbigail Arellano
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Word Lists

The Research of Korea Monosyllabic Word Lists Using Speech Audiometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Ha-Na Hong ◽  
Jin-Sook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Speech Audiometry ◽  
Monosyllabic Word ◽  
Word Lists

How accurate are memories of traffic accidents? Increased false memory levels among motorcyclists when confronted with accident-related word lists

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Dewi Maulina ◽  
Diandra Yasmine Irwanda ◽  
Thahira Hanum Sekarmewangi ◽  
Komang Meydiana Hutama Putri ◽  
Henry Otgaar
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Word Lists

Minimal perfect hash functions for reserved word lists

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sebasta ◽  
Mark A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Hash Functions ◽  
Word Lists

Sourcebook on Tomini-Tolitoli Languages: General Information and Word Lists (review)

Language ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-440
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Grant
Keyword(s):  
General Information ◽  
Word Lists

A Comparison of Recognition Performances in Speech-Spectrum Noise by Listeners with Normal Hearing on PB-50, CID W-22, NU–6, W-1 Spondaic Words, and Monosyllabic Digits Spoken by the Same Speaker

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wilson ◽  
Rachel McArdle ◽  
Heidi Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Monosyllabic Word ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Speech Spectrum

Background: So that portions of the classic Miller, Heise, and Lichten (1951) study could be replicated, new recorded versions of the words and digits were made because none of the three common monosyllabic word lists (PAL PB-50, CID W-22, and NU–6) contained the 9 monosyllabic digits (1–10, excluding 7) that were used by Miller et al. It is well established that different psychometric characteristics have been observed for different lists and even for the same materials spoken by different speakers. The decision was made to record four lists of each of the three monosyllabic word sets, the monosyllabic digits not included in the three sets of word lists, and the CID W-1 spondaic words. A professional female speaker with a General American dialect recorded the materials during four recording sessions within a 2-week interval. The recording order of the 582 words was random. Purpose: To determine—on listeners with normal hearing—the psychometric properties of the five speech materials presented in speech-spectrum noise. Research Design: A quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design was used. Study Sample: Twenty-four young adult listeners (M = 23 years) with normal pure-tone thresholds (≤20-dB HL at 250 to 8000 Hz) participated. The participants were university students who were unfamiliar with the test materials. Data Collection and Analysis: The 582 words were presented at four signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs; −7-, −2-, 3-, and 8-dB) in speech-spectrum noise fixed at 72-dB SPL. Although the main metric of interest was the 50% point on the function for each word established with the Spearman-Kärber equation (Finney, 1952), the percentage correct on each word at each SNR was evaluated. The psychometric characteristics of the PB-50, CID W-22, and NU–6 monosyllabic word lists were compared with one another, with the CID W-1 spondaic words, and with the 9 monosyllabic digits. Results: Recognition performance on the four lists within each of the three monosyllabic word materials were equivalent, ±0.4 dB. Likewise, word-recognition performance on the PB-50, W-22, and NU–6 word lists were equivalent, ±0.2 dB. The mean recognition performance at the 50% point with the 36 W-1 spondaic words was ˜6.2 dB lower than the 50% point with the monosyllabic words. Recognition performance on the monosyllabic digits was 1–2 dB better than mean performance on the monosyllabic words. Conclusions: Word-recognition performances on the three sets of materials (PB-50, CID W-22, and NU–6) were equivalent, as were the performances on the four lists that make up each of the three materials. Phonetic/phonemic balance does not appear to be an important consideration in the compilation of word-recognition lists used to evaluate the ability of listeners to understand speech.A companion paper examines the acoustic, phonetic/phonological, and lexical variables that may predict the relative ease or difficulty for which these monosyllable words were recognized in noise (McArdle and Wilson, this issue).

Plasma cortisol and norepinephrine in Alzheimer’s disease: opposite relations with recall performance and stage of progression

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel J. Bemelmans ◽  
Annemarie Noort ◽  
Roel de Rijk ◽  
Huub A. M. Middelkoop ◽  
Godfried M. J. van Kempen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Word Lists

Objective:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by effortful retrieval memory impairments, loss of hippocampal neurons and elevated plasma cortisol (CORT) concentrations. The latter could induce further memory decline. AD is also characterized by increased central and peripheral noradrenergic activity. Since noradrenergic function is involved in memory formation, this upregulated function could counteract memory decline. The aim of the present study was to test these hypotheses using plasma norepinephrine (NE) as a noradrenergic parameter, and recall of the prerecency part of neutral valence word lists as a measure of effortful retrieval.Methods:Area under the curve (AUC) of morning, midday and afternoon plasma CORT and plasma NE concentrations was related to two measures of recall performance, ie summated recall scores of the prerecency and recency parts of three word lists, and to the stage of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).Results:Partial correlation between each hormone AUC value and prerecency recall performance, controlling for the effect of the other hormone, showed opposite relations between recall and either plasma CORT or NE. Similar stronger correlations were found with the CDR score.Conclusions:Plasma CORT and NE are oppositely related with effortful retrieval and the stage of progression in AD.

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