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Aksara ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Sri Adnyani

AbstractThis study reports the difficulties 40 first-year Indonesian college students, majoring in English, had in pronouncing the English fricatives. The aim of this paper is, first, to reveal how these Indonesian EFL learners produced English fricatives, the order of difficulties, and the pronunciation constraints they experienced. The second aim is to identify the possible causes of the pronunciation difficulties. In collecting the data, two types of tasks were administered: a word-list-reading task (Task 1) and a sentence-list-reading task (Task 2). By using Wilcoxon based T-Test, it was revealed that there was a significant difference in the number of errors in Task 1 and Task 2. There was also an increase in errors in Task 2. The results show that the order of difficulties Indonesian learners had in producing fricative sounds (from the most to the least problematic) were: /v/, /ʃ/, /ð/, /θ/, /z/, /ʒ/, /f/, and /s/. It is likely that the influence of the challenging English spelling system played the most important role in the students’ errors. Other factors such as transfer of L1 and the developmental process also contributed to the errors. This research implies that teachers need to apply certain strategies to meet students’ needs.  Keywords: English, fricative, Indonesian students, errors AbstrakPenelitian ini melaporkan kesulitan yang dialami mahasiswa tahun pertama Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris  dalam melafalkan bunyi geser , urutan kesulitan  dan kendala dalam pelafalan bunyi tersebut. Tujuan kedua penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kemungkian sebab-sebab dari kesulitan ini. Dua jenis tugas diberikan kepada siswa untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu tugas membaca daftar kata (Tugas 1) dan tugas membaca daftar kalimat (Tugas 2). Berdasarkan hasil Uji T  Wilcoxon terungkap bahwa  terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari segi jumlah kesalahan dalam mengerjakan tugas I dan tugas 2. Juga terdapat peningkatan kesalahan dalam Tugas 2. Hasil-hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa urutan kesulitan yang dialami mahasiswa Indonesia dalam melafalkan bunyi frikatif ( dari yang paling bermasalah hingga yang kurang bermasalah ) adalah : /v/, /ʃ/, /ð/, /θ/, /z/, /ʒ/, /f/, dan /s/. Ada kecenderungan bahwa sistem ejaan Bahasa Inggris yang rumit sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap  kesalahan-kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa. Faktor-faktor lain seperti transfer dari BI dan  proses perkembangan juga berkontribusi terhadap kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut.  Implikasi penelitian ini adalah dosen atau guru  dapat menerapkan strategi-srategi tertentu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mahasiswa atau siswa.  Kata kunci: bahasa Inggris, bunyi geser, mahasiswa Indonesia, kesalahan 


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8417
Author(s):  
Robert Nowak ◽  
Wiktor Franus ◽  
Jiarui Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhu ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
...  

We present an algorithm to find corresponding authors of patents and scientific articles. The authors are given as records in Scopus and the Chinese Patents Database. This issue is known as the record linkage problem, defined as finding and linking individual records from separate databases that refer to the same real-world entity. The presented solution is based on a record linkage framework combined with text feature extraction and machine learning techniques. The main challenges were low data quality, lack of common record identifiers, and a limited number of other attributes shared by both data sources. Matching based solely on an exact comparison of authors’ names does not solve the records linking problem because many Chinese authors share the same full name. Moreover, the English spelling of Chinese names is not standardized in the analyzed data. Three ideas on how to extend attribute sets and improve record linkage quality were proposed: (1) fuzzy matching of names, (2) comparison of abstracts of patents and articles, (3) comparison of scientists’ main research areas calculated using all metadata available. The presented solution was evaluated in terms of matching quality and complexity on ≈250,000 record pairs linked by human experts. The results of numerical experiments show that the proposed strategies increase the quality of record linkage compared to typical solutions.


Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kałdonek-Crnjaković

This longitudinal case study aimed at investigating the development of metalin- guistic awareness in EFL spelling and vocabulary in two Croatian learners with dyslexia who differed in age and language proficiency – a child and an adult. They attended weekly sessions that aimed at improving their English spelling and vocabulary. The data were collected for 45 weeks using the teacher’s notes and audio-recorded lesson observations. The results showed that the participants developed their metalinguistic skills; however, the age and language proficiency factor was salient. Also, the metacognitive component of the instruction had a different effect on the development of metalinguistic skills in spelling and vocabulary acquisition. Pedagogical implications are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Zerkina Natalya N. ◽  
◽  
Yuzhakova Yulia V. ◽  

Author(s):  
Acep Abdul Basit ◽  
R. Reza El Akbar

Lack of skill English is a major problem for someone who wants to learn to speak English in the pronunciation section. A person often feels insecure to speak English with other people even though in his own understanding it can be said to understand English. English learning applications, it can help to learn and practice good and correct pronunciation or pronunciation in English without having to involve other people. Using the Extreme Programming development method, it is found that the use of technology can be a solution for learning to speak English without having to be seen and valued by others. With the help of Speech Recognition, the process of recognizing a person's voice from a spoken phrase is the result that can be obtained. This English learning application is used to learn English spelling, so you can know how to pronounce English words and sentences properly and correctly.


English Today ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Javier Calle–Martín

One of the problems of English spelling is the dual representation of the so-called ‘eyes’-words, rendered in discourse as -ise and -ize, both with high-frequency verbs such as modernise/modernize and rare coinages, as in burglarise/burglarize, etc. Eyes-words have historically evolved from two different language systems as two different forms with the same meaning, which have eventually come to coincide in their use in English with competing orthographic forms. The present paper first assesses the origin and development of the competition of these forms in the history of English from their introduction into English to their current configuration in British and American English; and then analyses their distribution in 13 varieties of English worldwide from the perspective of diatopic and text type variation. The study concludes, on the one hand, that the adoption of -ize in American English was an early 19th-century phenomenon while -ise spread in British English in the late 20th century; and, on the other, that the dissemination of -ize is constantly on the rise in many varieties, and the growing Americanisation of English, among others, is taken to be the most decisive element factor.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Peter Gran

If a major city, the major administrative capital of the south and an integral part of how the system reproduces itself, is invisible beyond an occasional passing reference in the familiar narrative of the history of a country, something has gone amiss. Such is the situation of Asyut, a city so invisible that even the English spelling of its name is elusive—variably Asyut, Assuit, Assiut, Siout, or even Essiout—sometimes appearing to be a deliberate attempt to retain an ancient pharaonic or biblical rendering. So why is there this invisibility and how can it be overcome?


2021 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Alan Cruttenden
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Yuliya Chemeteva ◽  
Marina Davydova

The paper deals with the issue of new terms in the information society. The authors consider the concepts of neologism, legal term and terminoid giving examples. The paper states that currently the process of neologization in the Russian-language legal discourse is characterized by the fact that one of the active sources of terminology are terminoids which initially operate in new fields of law and function for nominating innovative technologies in law. The authors mark two ways of appearing new terms in legal terminology with regard to the language of civil contracts. Focusing on borrowing as one of the most productive sources of replenishing legal terminology, the authors consider new lexemes connected with innovative concepts and digitalization. The paper shows the analysis of terminological units borrowed from the English language. The authors conclude that the current term system of both legal discourse in general and the sphere of civil law in particular is flexible, mobile, susceptible to previously unproductive ways of forming or borrowing terms, and even the use of terms with the preservation of English spelling, as well as metaphor terms.


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