scholarly journals Somatotype and body composition of volleyball players and untrained female students – reference group for comparison in sport

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Krzysztof Buśko ◽  
Ewa Kalka
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Volleyball Players

Abstract There is substantial evidence that somatotype and success in sport and physical performance are positively related. Existing somatotype data on athletes are useful as guidelines for sport selection and choice of training appropriate to the enhancement of desired somatotype characteristics. Updated somatotype data from non-athlete reference groups complement comparative analysis applied in assessing the effects of the training process and selection. The aim of this study was to determine the somatotype of untrained girls studying at Warsaw University of Technology in 2011, in order to create a current reference group for comparison, and to investigate the difference in body build of female volleyball players compared with the non-athlete group. Twelve Second Division female volleyball players (age 21.6±1.5 years, body height 177.3±6.2 cm, body mass 71.0±6.5 kg, training experience 8.4±3.4 years) and 150 female untrained students of the University of Technology in Warsaw (age 20.0±6.4 years, body height 166.5±6.4 cm, body mass 59.7±8.4 kg) participated in a study carried out in 2011. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. The volleyball players were a little older and were significantly taller and heavier than female students (p<0.05). Significant differences between the groups were found in breadth of the elbow, breadth of the wrist, biacromial diameter, arm circumference and crus circumference (p<0.05). The mean somatotype of the volleyball players was 4.5-3.4-2.8. (4.5±1.0-3.4±1.2-2.8±1.3), whilst that of the untrained students was 5.1-3.6-2.8. (5.1±1.4-3.6±1.1-2.8±1.3); the groups did not differ significantly in somatotype. The groups were significantly different in body composition (F [kg] and LBM [kg]), as estimated by BIA and anthropometric methods (p<0.05). No differences were observed between the groups in the skinfolds. Morphological characteristics of the female volleyball players depended on the competition level and performance. Somatic features of the bodies of the volleyball players were dominated by the height of the body and the associated magnitude of the constituent characteristics.

scholarly journals Body composition and somatotype of judo athletes and untrained male students as a reference group for comparison in sport

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Buśko ◽  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Ewa Kalka
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Body Build ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Judo Athletes

Summary Study aim: The aim of this study was to determine the body composition and somatotype of untrained male students studying at Warsaw University of Technology in 2011, in order to create a current reference group for comparison, and to investigate the difference in body build of male judoists compared with the non-athlete group.Materials and methods: Fifteen male judo athletes (age 18.6 ± 1.9 years, body height 177.4 ± 8.5 cm, body mass 80.3 ± 15.8 kg, training experience 10.0 ± 2.8) and 154 male untrained students of the Warsaw University of Technology (age 20.1 ± 0.9 years, body height 180.9 ± 7.2 cm, body mass 75.6 ± 10.9 kg) participated in the study. Somatotype was determined using the Heath- Carter method.Results: The mean somatotype of the untrained students was 3.94.62.9, whilst that of the judo athletes was 3.25.91.8; the groups differed significantly in their mesomorphy and ectomorphy components. Significant differences between the groups were found in breadth of wrist, bicristal diameter and arm circumference (p < 0.05). The groups were also significantly different in body composition as estimated by BIA and anthropometric methods (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The morphological characteristics of the judo athletes differed from those of the untrained men. The somatic profile of body build for athletes in this sport seems to be optimal for achieving high results, the somatotype not having changed since the 1990s.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Aspects of the Foot Arch, Body Balance and Body Weight Composition of Boys Training Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 5017
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Bukowska ◽  
Małgorzata Jekiełek ◽  
Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Balance

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8–10 years, 11–13 years old, and 14–16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.

scholarly journals Internal Proportions of The Body Composition in Members of the Female National Tennis Team of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jagiello ◽  
Wladislaw Jagiello
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Contemporary anthropological research confirms the fact that body composition is one of the basic elements differentiating athletes from persons not practising sport. Among athletes representing various branches of sport there are also significant differences in their body composition. Internal proportions of the body composition of an athlete, or a selected group of athletes, is an especially important yet little researched issue of sports anthropology. This problem is still topical in sports games, especially in tennis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine internal proportions of the body composition of female tennis players from the Polish national team in comparison to persons who do not practice sport professionally. The study involved female athletes of the Polish national tennis team (n = 10). The study was carried out in a training camp from 28 September to 9 October 2002 in Zakopane — Centre of Sports Preparation. Athletes’ age was 16—20 (18.1 ± 1.4) years, and the training experience 8—12 years (10.5 ± 1.8). The mean body height for the group members was 171.9 ± 6.7 cm and the mean body mass 59.7 ± 6.3 kg. The results of research by Piechaczek et al. (1996) constituted the reference point for the results of measurements of Polish tennis representatives. The authors studied 153 female students of Warsaw Technical University aged 20.2 ± 1.09 years. They were randomly chosen students of the first and the second year of various departments at this university. The mean body height of the students was 166.2 ± 6.2 cm and the mean body mass 57.4 ± 7.72 kg. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard instruments (Drozdowski, 1998). The analysis involved 11 somatic features which determined three so-called factors of body composition: length (m1), stoutness (m2) and obesity (m3). The assessment of proportions of the body composition was made by means of Perkal’s natural indices (1953) with Milicerowa’s modifications (1956). We determined the following: composition factors (m), index of total body size (M), internal proportions of the body composition, evenness of composition, the code of internal proportions; also the assessment of internal proportions of the body composition within each of the factors.Taking into consideration the mean values of the studied somatic features in the control group and the comparative group we found differences in their body composition. The representatives of the Polish national tennis team showed substantially longer upper and lower limbs, and the body height was greater. They also had much greater forearm perimeter and shorter pelvic width. As to the total body size, the tennis players slightly exceeded the students (M = 0.24). The total body size (M) resulted from high values of length features (m1 = 1.01), low ones of stoutness (m2 = –0.39) and medium ones of obesity (m3 = 0.1). The value of the intragroup variability index (harmony of composition) amounted to 1.4 and the code of internal proportions of tennis players’ body composition — to 6—2—4. The proportions of internal features of the stoutness index (natural indices of features within a factor) showed the advantage of the forearm perimeter (1.62) and elbow width (0.36). The knee width (–1.30) and pelvic width (–0.60) were disproportionate to the total value of this factor. The input of features characterizing the length factor was relatively proportional.Keywords: tennis, training, body composition, internal proportions.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Obesity Status in Police Trainees

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Miloš Stojković ◽  
Katie M. Heinrich ◽  
Aleksandar Čvorović ◽  
Velimir Jeknić ◽  
Gianpiero Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Study Results

The first aim of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI) (indirect method) classification with the body fat percent (PBF) (direct method) and to determine how BMI classifies subjects with different levels of skeletal muscle mass percent (PSMM). The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity status among police trainees (PTs). A total of 103 male PTs participated in this research: age = 21.46 ± 0.64 years, body mass (BM) = 75.97 ± 8.10 kg, body height (BH) = 174.07 ± 6.31 cm, BMI = 25.05 ± 2.12 kg/m2. The InBody 370 multichannel bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measured body composition. Study results indicated that muscular PTs could be misclassified as overweight and that PBF identified more subjects as obese. Namely, three PTs were obese according to BMI, while 13 were obese according to PBF. The information provided by this research could be used to help professionals understand the importance of measuring body composition, and the inaccuracies in BMI classification. In conclusion, whenever possible PSMM and PBF should replace the utilization of BMI to screen overweight and obesity in PTs. Agencies may think of using BIA as non-invasive, quick and inexpensive measurement tool.

scholarly journals Training and Body Composition during Preparation for a 48-Hour Ultra-Marathon Race: A Case Study of a Master Athlete

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Celina Knechtle ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Rodrigo Vancini ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Master Athlete ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Although the acute effects of ultra-endurance exercise on body composition have been well studied, limited information exists about the chronic adaptations of body composition to ultra-endurance training. The aim of the present study was to examine the day-by-day variation of training and body composition of a master athlete during the preparation for a 48-hour ultra-marathon race. For all training sessions (n = 73) before the race, the running distance, duration, and pace were recorded, and body mass, body fat (BF), body water (%), visceral fat, fat-free mass (FFM), four circumferences (i.e., waist, upper arm, thigh and calf), and eight skinfolds (i.e., chest, mid-axilla, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, iliac crest, thigh and calf) were measured accordingly in a 53-year-old experienced ultra-endurance athlete (body mass 80.1 kg, body height 177 cm, body mass index 25.6 kg·m−2). The main findings of the present study were that (a) the training plan of the ultra-endurance master athlete followed a periodization pattern with regard to exercise intensity and training volume, which increased over time, (b) the body mass, BF, and FFM decreased largely during the first 30 training sessions, and (c) the circumferences and skinfolds reflected the respective decrease in BF. The findings of this case study provided useful information about the variation of training and body composition during the preparation for an ultra-marathon race in a male master ultra-marathoner. The preparation for an ultra-endurance race seems to induce pronounced changes in body mass and body composition.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics of professional football players in relation to the playing position and their significance for success in the game

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
M. Joksimović ◽  
I. Skrypchenko ◽  
K. Yarymbash ◽  
D. Fulurija ◽  
S. Nasrolahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
National Team ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Background: Football is a game in which anthropometric characteristics are important factors for specific player positions, where morphological characteristics differ in relation to the competitive level and the position in the game. Body composition is an important indicator of the physical fitness and general health of athletes so today its often discussed in scientific literature. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in the anthropometric characteristics of the professional football players in relation to the player's position and to determine their importance in the game. Material: Twenty-nine male football players of the national team of Serbia participated in the research, in which the body height, weight and Body mass index were measured. Results: The results of the study indicate that statistically significant differences in body height and body weight were recorded between goalkeepers and midfielders (p <0.01) and goalkeepers and attackers (p <0.05) in favor of goalkeepers, while no statistically significant differences were recorded in the Body Mass Index. The lowest height, weight and BMI were recorded in the midfielders. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research it can be concluded that the morphological characteristics have a vital role in determining the success of athletes. Football coaches can use the results of this study as a means to better understand and interpret anthropometric characteristics and their importance in relation to the gaming position. The acquaintance of noticed differences could improve the training process as well as the selection at the early age.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF SECURITY SCIENCES

Defendologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (41-42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Paspalj ◽  
Milan Gužvica ◽  
Lazar Vulin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mass Factor ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
The University

Set of 17 morphological measures was applied in order to determine the latentstructure of morphological characteristics on a sample of 84 students of the fi rst year ofthe Faculty of Security Sciences at the University of Banja Luka. Using factor analysis,we identifi ed three factors that were interpreted as: volume and body mass factor, thefactor of the longitudinal and transverse dimensionality of the body, and the factor ofphysical body composition which estimate was based on the thickness of the subcutaneousfat tissue. This research represents an attempt to show that segregated latent hierarchicalstructure of morphological factors has both theoretical and practical values, andthese factors should represent certain mean for the prediction of anthropometric characteristicsand programming of training operators in the process of teaching Special PhysicalEducation.

scholarly journals The Effects of a 6-Week Strength and Endurance Circuit Training on Body Image of High School Girls

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
Lucia Plevková ◽  
Janka Peráčková
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Circuit Training

Summary The aim of this study was to extend the knowledge about the influence of strength and endurance circuit training intervention on body image of the female high school students. Our hypothesis was: The objectively and subjectively measured body image among the 16 – 17 years old females will be significantly improved after the participation in 6-week strength and endurance circuit training. We used experiment with 2 groups from 2nd class from the secondary school: experimental (intervention) group consists of 15 female students (x̄age = 16.99 ± 0.29 years) and control group consists of 20 female students (x̄age = 17.11 ± 0.36 years). The experimental factor was the strength and endurance circuit training, practicing during 6 weeks (twice a week), performed during the physical education lessons. The body image of the girl was measured using 2 methods: the objective one was the somatometry (body height, body weight and Body Mass Index), subjective measurements of the body image were the Silhouettes – Contour Drawing Rating Scale (Thomson & Gray 1995). After these 6 weeks we succeeded in every measurement of the body image – the significant effect was noticed in the experimental group in pre- and post-test on Body Mass Index (p = 0,003) and on Contour Drawing Rating Scale (p = 0,003). According to the received knowledge we suggest to integrate this movement program to the lessons of the physical and sport education for the female adolescents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of body composition and muscular strength in different sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Vedrana Karan ◽  
Aleksandra Rakovac ◽  
Mladen Karan ◽  
Milan Popovic ◽  
Jelena Klasnja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maximum Value

Introduction. Body composition measurements and dynamometric parameters are very reliable indicators of performance and progress in the training process. The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and muscle strength and to establish the correlation between these parameters in various sports. Material and Methods. The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad. It included 45 male examiners: 15 handball players, 15 football players, and 15 sprinters. The following parameters were measured: body weight, body height, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and dynamometric parameters of calf extensors and forearm flexors. Results. In comparison to football players and sprinters, handball players presented with statistically significantly higher body mass index (p < 0.05). In terms of skinfold thickness, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups. The values of dynamometric parameters of calf extensors (average value of load of the calf extensors, maximum value of load of the calf extensors, strength of muscle contraction of calf extensors) showed no statistically significant differences between the groups of athletes (p > 0.05). Compared to football and handball players, sprinters had significantly higher values of dynamometric parameters of forearm flexors (average value of load of forearm flexors, maximum value of load of forearm flexors, strength of muscle contraction of forearm flexors). Conclusion. In the group of handball players there was a positive correlation between the percentage of the body fat and muscle power in both examined muscle groups; however, among the football players and sprinters, a correlation was found between the body composition and strength of calf extensors.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and power output in professional road cyclists during the competition phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Marcin Kowalewski ◽  
Tomasz Kowalik ◽  
Zuzanna Piekorz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the power output and major morphological characteristics during the competition phase. We hypothesised that substantial overloads occurring during this stage cause a decrease in body mass, fat and power output levels in the cyclists.Material and methods: Nine members from an affiliated Professional Cycling Group ActiveJet Team were observed during the period between January and September. Their mean age was calculated as 25.1 ± 1.6 years. Each month the main somatic fea­tures were determined and the BMI and Rohrer index were measured. The level of adipose tissue was checked using the Tanita BC-418 Ma and the Schoeberer Rad Messtechnik SRM training system was employed to record the maximum level of power output. The following tests were used to collect data: Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA (assessment of the distribution of variables), Duncan (assessment of the changes of variables), and Pearson correlation coefficient (assessment of power dependence and morphological features). A significance coefficient of α = 0.05 was assumed.Results: The research of the studied group revealed a steady decrease in the body mass and fat percentage but no significant differences in power output levels. Its peak was reached in the middle of the starting phase (1195.3 ± 222.3 W) and the lowest level was noted during the last month of our observation (1114.1 ± 152.1 W; D = 81.2 W, p = 0.088). Correlations were found between body mass, fat composition and power output levels: moderate for mass (r = 0.383-0.778) and fat (r = 0.352-0.629) content to power output and small negative for height to power output. In most cases, however, they were either weak or low (r = -0.017-0.339).Conclusions: Significant changes in the morphological characteristics (body weight 70.2 ± 6.4-69.2 ± 5.9 kg, p < 0.001; BMI 21.4 ± 1.9-21.1 ± 1.7, p < 0.001; Rohrer index 1.18 ± 0.11-1.16 ± 0.10, p < 0.001; fat 9.2 ± 3.2-8.2 ± 2.3, p < 0.001) and no differences in power output combined (1151.0 ± 272.4-1114.1 ± 152.1 W, p = 0.434) with medium correlations of these determinants (body height - 2.53-0.354; body weight 0.383-0.778; fat 0.352-0.629) indicate the significance of motor charac­teristics in road racing cyclists. Thus levels in its competency and performance outcomes are determined to a greater extent by factors other than the somatic characteristics.

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