scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and power output in professional road cyclists during the competition phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Marcin Kowalewski ◽  
Tomasz Kowalik ◽  
Zuzanna Piekorz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the power output and major morphological characteristics during the competition phase. We hypothesised that substantial overloads occurring during this stage cause a decrease in body mass, fat and power output levels in the cyclists.Material and methods: Nine members from an affiliated Professional Cycling Group ActiveJet Team were observed during the period between January and September. Their mean age was calculated as 25.1 ± 1.6 years. Each month the main somatic fea­tures were determined and the BMI and Rohrer index were measured. The level of adipose tissue was checked using the Tanita BC-418 Ma and the Schoeberer Rad Messtechnik SRM training system was employed to record the maximum level of power output. The following tests were used to collect data: Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA (assessment of the distribution of variables), Duncan (assessment of the changes of variables), and Pearson correlation coefficient (assessment of power dependence and morphological features). A significance coefficient of α = 0.05 was assumed.Results: The research of the studied group revealed a steady decrease in the body mass and fat percentage but no significant differences in power output levels. Its peak was reached in the middle of the starting phase (1195.3 ± 222.3 W) and the lowest level was noted during the last month of our observation (1114.1 ± 152.1 W; D = 81.2 W, p = 0.088). Correlations were found between body mass, fat composition and power output levels: moderate for mass (r = 0.383-0.778) and fat (r = 0.352-0.629) content to power output and small negative for height to power output. In most cases, however, they were either weak or low (r = -0.017-0.339).Conclusions: Significant changes in the morphological characteristics (body weight 70.2 ± 6.4-69.2 ± 5.9 kg, p < 0.001; BMI 21.4 ± 1.9-21.1 ± 1.7, p < 0.001; Rohrer index 1.18 ± 0.11-1.16 ± 0.10, p < 0.001; fat 9.2 ± 3.2-8.2 ± 2.3, p < 0.001) and no differences in power output combined (1151.0 ± 272.4-1114.1 ± 152.1 W, p = 0.434) with medium correlations of these determinants (body height - 2.53-0.354; body weight 0.383-0.778; fat 0.352-0.629) indicate the significance of motor charac­teristics in road racing cyclists. Thus levels in its competency and performance outcomes are determined to a greater extent by factors other than the somatic characteristics.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Body Mass Index with Body Fat Percentage of Participants EXPO 2021 Universitas Teuku Umar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Suci Eka Putri ◽  
Adelina Irmayani Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Relationship

Body mass index (BMI) is to monitor nutritional status adults, especially those related to deficiency and overweight. Body fat percentage can describe the risk of degenerative diseases.This study was conducted to measure the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage. Methods An analytical study was conducted to 41 male and 51 female participant from Universitas Teuku Umar. The body weight was measured using scales, whereas the body height was measured using microtoise. The body fat percentage was measured using Karada Scan. The BMI was calculated by dividing the body weight in kilogram divided by body height in meter square. Data was collected from 16-18th February 2021 and analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test. The results showed BMI underweight, normal, and overweight were 10,9, 57,6, and 31,5. High body fat percentage in men were 75,6% and in women were 35,5%. There is a relationship between the nutritional status of the women group and the body fat percentage with p-value is obtained = 0.021. Furthermore, for men, there is no relationship between nutritional status in the men group and the body fat percentage. There is a relationship between nutritional status and body fat percentage in women. Among this population, BMI can still be used to determine body fat percentage

Asociación entre la composición corporal y la condición física en estudiantes de grado sexto, pertenecientes a la institución educativa moderna de Tuluá, Colombia año 2019 (Association between body composition and the physical condition in sixth grade st

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Luis Hebert Palma Pulido ◽  
Carlos Hernán Méndez Díaz ◽  
Alfonso Cespedes Manrrique ◽  
Jorge Andrés Castro Mejía ◽  
Alejandro Viveros Restrepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cardiovascular Capacity

 El siguiente estudio, tuvo como finalidad, determinar la correlación entre la composición corporal y la condición física en niños de sexto grado de la Institución Educativa de Tuluá, Colombia. El estudio fue no experimental, descriptivo y de alcance correlacional. La valoración de la composición corporal, se realizó mediante el índice de masa corporal y el porcentaje de grasa (fórmula de Slaughter y Lohmann). La condición física, se determinó por medio de la batería Fitnessgram. La muestra fue de 193 niños y niñas, entre ocho y 12 años. Los resultados se determinaron, por medio de estadísticos descriptivos y correlación de Pearson. Estos resultados, evidenciaron una r=-0,52 y -0,72 para niño y niña respectivamente, entre el porcentaje de grasa y la capacidad cardiovascular. Las correlaciones entre el índice de masa corporal y peso corporal, con el porcentaje de grasa fueron, r=0,59 niña 0,76 y niño y r=0,46 niña y 0,67 niño respectivamente, indicando que, a mayor masa corporal mayor grasa. La correlación entre masa grasa y el test de barra fija fue inversa, pero no alta, r=-0,23 y -0,24, sin embaro, cuando este test se correlacionó con el índice de masa corporal, dicha correlación fue mayor, r=-0,57 y -0,78, reflejando que, la masa corporal, afectó la resistencia en la barra. La flexibilidad y agilidad, no se alteraron por la masa grasa, r < 0,20. Como conclusión, se evidencia que, la masa grasa puede disminuir la capacidad cardiovascular y resistencia a la fuerza, sin embargo, la flexibilidad y la velocidad-agilidad pueden no alterarse.  Abstract. The following study aimed at determining the correlation between body composition and physical condition in sixth grade students from the high school Institución Educativa Moderna in Tuluá, Colombia. It was carried as a non-experimental, descriptive, and correlational study. The assessment of body composition was carried out using the body mass index and the fat percentage based on Slaughter and Lohmann formula. Physical condition was determined by using the Fitnessgram battery. The sample consisted of 193 boys and girls, around eight and 12 years old. The results were determined by means of descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. These results showed r = -0.52 and -0.72 for boys and girls respectively, after correlating the percentage of fat and cardiovascular capacity. The correlation of their body mass index and their body weight, towards the percentage of fat were: r = 0.59 girl, 0.76 boy and r = 0.46 girl and 0.67 boy respectively, indicating that, the higher the body mass the higher the increase of fat. The correlation between fat mass and the fixed bar test was inverse, but not high: r = -0.23 and -0.24. However, when this test was correlated with the body mass index, that correlation was higher: r = -0.57 and -0.78, reflecting that the body mass affected the resistance at the bar. Flexibility and agility were not altered by fat mass: r <0.20. In conclusion, it is evidenced that fat mass can decrease cardiovascular capacity and resistance to strength, however, flexibility and speed-agility may not be altered.

scholarly journals PARENTS BODY SHAPE PROFILE AND OVERWEIGHT AMONG STUDENTS AT SINGKAWANG ADVENTIST SCHOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Sultan Fredyansyah Bagaskara Djula ◽  
Sapti Widyarti Djula
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Introduction: When both parents are obesity, thus the children are 80% potentially become overweight or obesity. If one of the parent is overweight or obesity, thus the children are 40% potentially to become overweight or obesity. The purpose of the study is to analyze is there any significant relationship between parents’ body shape with overweight among students at Singkawang Adventist School.  Method: The method of the study is descriptive with quantitative method and the cross sectional design. Sampling technique is total sampling among the overweight students. Number of respondens are 35 persons which have been measure body height, body weight and determined Body Mass Index (BMI). Data processing using SPSS Program.  Result: The results of the study show that the status of overweight students is obesity and parents’ body shape are overweight (there is no significant relationship between obesity in adolescents with the body shape of the father with a significance of (0.086) with a ρ value> 0.05 as well as no significant relationship between obesity in adolescents with the body shape of their mothers, with a significance of  (0.411) with ρ value> 0.005). There is no significant relationship between overweight students with parents’ body shape. There is not enough evidence to refuse null hypothesis.  Disscussion: Recommendation are given to Singkawang Adventist School Students in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle and give effort to reduce body weight. To the next researcher to do research with bigger sample size.   Keywords : overweight, obesity, Body Mass Index(BMI), body shape 

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics of professional football players in relation to the playing position and their significance for success in the game

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
M. Joksimović ◽  
I. Skrypchenko ◽  
K. Yarymbash ◽  
D. Fulurija ◽  
S. Nasrolahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
National Team ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Background: Football is a game in which anthropometric characteristics are important factors for specific player positions, where morphological characteristics differ in relation to the competitive level and the position in the game. Body composition is an important indicator of the physical fitness and general health of athletes so today its often discussed in scientific literature. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in the anthropometric characteristics of the professional football players in relation to the player's position and to determine their importance in the game. Material: Twenty-nine male football players of the national team of Serbia participated in the research, in which the body height, weight and Body mass index were measured. Results: The results of the study indicate that statistically significant differences in body height and body weight were recorded between goalkeepers and midfielders (p <0.01) and goalkeepers and attackers (p <0.05) in favor of goalkeepers, while no statistically significant differences were recorded in the Body Mass Index. The lowest height, weight and BMI were recorded in the midfielders. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research it can be concluded that the morphological characteristics have a vital role in determining the success of athletes. Football coaches can use the results of this study as a means to better understand and interpret anthropometric characteristics and their importance in relation to the gaming position. The acquaintance of noticed differences could improve the training process as well as the selection at the early age.

scholarly journals Grip Strength Generalization of the Body Mass Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Godescu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Body Mass Index (BMI) formula has been developed by Belgian mathematician Adolphe Quetelet and published in 1840 [1] as a law of nature and society, based on statistics about the weight and height of the population of that time, the first part of the 19th century. He called it &ldquo;social physics&rdquo;. From then, for nearly two centuries, the BMI had been the most important formula describing the normal relations and ratio of weight to the square of the height for humans. The problem arises if the BMI formula, developed in the first part of the 19th century is still good today when the type of work people perform is very different? In modern times, most people are less muscular than at the time when the BMI was developed because they do not work physically as heavy as at that time. In many cases, the Body Mass index can predict mortality, morbidity and illness but not always, for example cases such as (a) the obesity paradox for some cardiovascular problems and (b) the U shape mortality paradox as well as (c) false positive obesity diagnostic in regard to people who are strong and muscular, have low body fat percentage but are classified as obese by the BMI and (d) cases where BMI is normal but people have an &ldquo;obese metabolism&rdquo; (e) BMI normal but high fat percentage. The objective is to develop a formula good for all body types, a formula that makes the difference between fat and non-fat body weight such as muscle and body frame and quantifies the effect of strength and fitness, which BMI does not. Another objective is to develop a formula to predict the health risks and fitness status of people, better than BMI. The first generalizations of BMI using anthropometric metrics could be found in [2], where I discuss and analyze many formulae, developed, tested, and simulated by me, using similar new methods, accounting for body shape, physical shape and body function, making the difference between muscle mass and fat, fat and non fat body weight. Nearly all formulae and methods developed and proposed in this new model are new, never published before. Many experiments published before, in highly cited papers show that grip strength and muscle strength is a predictor of health, mortality, morbidity, endocrine and metabolic disease outside the BMI and anthropometric measures. The purpose of my formula is to explain the outcome of those experiments and create a formula which predicts these experiments [21-41].

scholarly journals Body composition and somatotype of judo athletes and untrained male students as a reference group for comparison in sport

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Buśko ◽  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Ewa Kalka
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Body Build ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Judo Athletes

Summary Study aim: The aim of this study was to determine the body composition and somatotype of untrained male students studying at Warsaw University of Technology in 2011, in order to create a current reference group for comparison, and to investigate the difference in body build of male judoists compared with the non-athlete group.Materials and methods: Fifteen male judo athletes (age 18.6 ± 1.9 years, body height 177.4 ± 8.5 cm, body mass 80.3 ± 15.8 kg, training experience 10.0 ± 2.8) and 154 male untrained students of the Warsaw University of Technology (age 20.1 ± 0.9 years, body height 180.9 ± 7.2 cm, body mass 75.6 ± 10.9 kg) participated in the study. Somatotype was determined using the Heath- Carter method.Results: The mean somatotype of the untrained students was 3.94.62.9, whilst that of the judo athletes was 3.25.91.8; the groups differed significantly in their mesomorphy and ectomorphy components. Significant differences between the groups were found in breadth of wrist, bicristal diameter and arm circumference (p < 0.05). The groups were also significantly different in body composition as estimated by BIA and anthropometric methods (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The morphological characteristics of the judo athletes differed from those of the untrained men. The somatic profile of body build for athletes in this sport seems to be optimal for achieving high results, the somatotype not having changed since the 1990s.

scholarly journals Validity of the Portable Ultrasound BodyMetrix™ BX-2000 for Measuring Body Fat Percentage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8786
Author(s):  
Seoungki Kang ◽  
Jeong-Hui Park ◽  
Myong-Won Seo ◽  
Hyun Chul Jung ◽  
Yong Ik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Portable Ultrasound

BodyMetrix™ BX-2000 (IntelaMetrix, Livermore, CA, USA) has been introduced as one of the alternatives and portable methods to estimate body fat percentage. However, inconsistent results between protocols built-in the BodymetrixTM may be compelling the question of its validity. Thus, this study first investigated the possible errors between protocols and evaluated the validity of body fat percentage (BF%) compared to the gold standard method (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA). One hundred and five collegiate males, aged 20.01 ± 2.11 years, body height, 174.81 ± 6.01 cm, body mass, 73.26 ± 13.60 kg, and body mass index, 23.91 ± 3.77 kg·m−2 participated in the present study. Participants’ body fat percentage was estimated by built-in nine different protocols in the BodyMetrix™ BX-2000 using A-MODE ultrasound. Pearson correlation (r), Mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs), Bland & Altman plots, and Equivalence testing were used to examine the validity of each protocol by comparing it to the criterion measure (i.e., DEXA). The results indicated good potential for almost all of the protocols in correlation (Min: r = 0.79, Max: r = 0.92)., MAPEs (Min: 20.0%, Max: 33.8%), and Bland-Altman (Min diff: 16.7, Max diff: 41.4). Particularly, the estimated BF% from protocol 7 (4-sites by Durnin & Wormersley) and protocol 9 (9-sites Parllo) were completed within the equivalence zone (±10% of the mean). The estimates measured by protocol 7 and protocol 9 identified as the most valid methods for estimating BF% using a BodyMetrix™ BX-2000, compared to the DEXA. Our findings provide valuable information when applying in young male individuals, but future studies with other populations such as female or adolescents may be required to suggest a valid protocol within the instrument.

scholarly journals Anthropometric profile of sedentary women with and without hypothyroidism

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Morais Azevêdo ◽  
Manuella Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Aline Da Silva Adães Motta dos Santos ◽  
Márcio Rabelo Mota ◽  
Emerson Pardono
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sedentary Women

Objective: To compare the anthropometric characteristics of sedentary women beginners in a physical exercise program in the gym, which had clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism, with women who did not have hypothyroidism. Methods: The sample consisted of eighty women aged between 23 and 45 years who started in a gym at an interval of two years and who had hypothyroidism and the control group, without this pathology, selected in a simple random way. Anthropometric measurements, such as body mass, height, body mass index, abdominal circumference and waist, and body fat percentage were performed. Student's t-test was applied for independent samples between groups and Pearson correlation within groups. The statistical significance adopted was p < 0.05. Results: The group with hypothyroidism showed significant difference (p = 0.05) compared to control group for the body fat percentage just for women above 35 years, just like women with hypothyroidism above 35 years showed strong association of anthropometric variables with waist hip ratio (r ≥ 0.70). Conclusion: Sedentary women, above 35 years and affected by hypothyroidism, showed greater association of anthropometric variables with the predisposition to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to their peers without the condition, and below this age range.

scholarly journals Biometric Measures, Body Score and Body Mass Index Evaluation in Wild Coatis (Nasua Nasua) Living in the South-Central Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sardela Ferro ◽  
Alícia Giolo Hippólito ◽  
Maria Cristina Reis Castiglioni ◽  
José Ivaldo De Siqueira Silva Junior ◽  
Carlos Roberto Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Nasua Nasua ◽  
Condition Score

Background: Coatis (Nasua nasua) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. The proximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eating habits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals’ energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body mass to evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis (Nasua nasua) living in urban areas.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen (16) wild coatis (Nasua nasua), nine females and seven males, were captured at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals were anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. The following variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two body mass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well as the body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantly higher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlation between fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation between BMI2 and body weight, and BCS, than between BMI1 and these two parameters.Discussion: Anthropogenic interactions could change the body condition of these animals and make them prone to obesity, since their body condition scores were altered. With regard to the nutritional body condition, although males were bigger than females, the measures did not show significant differences between them. Results of this parameter varied in different studies with coatis, some studies have shown that males have body mass 1/3 higher than that of females and others have not recorded any difference between sexes. Fat percentage estimated through the metrics used in cats is not a good method when it is applied alone in body condition evaluations. A study that has correlated body mass, body condition score, body fat estimates, body mass index and abdominal circumference recorded positive results between these two evaluation methods. Such finding corroborated with the present study, but it was differed from it in abdominal circumference, which did not correlate to the two body mass indices and to body fat percentage. Therefore, it is possible saying that there is biometric difference between male and female coatis. The body condition score adopted for dogs was efficient for coatis (Nasua nasua), as well as the body mass index used for dogs and cats – the one used for cats was even more efficient. The proximity wild coatis (Nasua nasua) have to humans could change the body condition of these animals and make them prone to obesity.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Performance Characteristics and the Selection Process in Youth Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Ezequiel Rey ◽  
Luis Casáis ◽  
Maite Gómez-López
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Vertical Jumps

Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish the anthropometric and physical profiles of elite young soccer players according to their playing position, and to determine their relevance for the selection process. One hundred and fifty-six young male soccer players participated in the study. Players were classified into the following groups: Goalkeepers (n=16), Central Defenders (n=26), External Defenders (n=29), Central Midfielders (n=34), External Midfielders (n=28), and Forwards (n=23). Anthropometric variables of participants (body height, body mass, body mass index, 6 skinfolds, 4 diameters, and 3 perimeters) were measured. Participants performed the Yo-Yo test, sprint tests (30 m flat sprint and Balsom agility test) and 2 jump tests (countermovement jump and the Abalakov test). At the end of the season, the technical staff of the club selected some of the players to continue playing on the same team and the rest were not selected. The results show that heavier and taller outfield players performed better in vertical jumps and sprint tests, whereas leaner outfield players performed better in the Yo-Yo test. Fat percentage of selected players was lower than that of the non-selected ones. The rest of the body components were similar in the selected and non-selected players within each playing position. Moreover, the selected players performed slightly better than the non-selected players in the physical test, but these differences were not statistically significant.

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