Molecular phylogenetic position of Haplometroides intercaecalis (Digenea, Plagiorchiidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Müller ◽  
Drausio Honorio Morais ◽  
Reinaldo José da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Three valid species of Haplometroides Odhner, 1910 parasitise snakes and amphisbaenians from South America. This study provides additional data on morphometric and molecular phylogenetic position inferred from the nuclear ribosomal gene 28S (partial). DNA sequences were isolated from Haplometroides intercaecalis Silva, Ferreira and Strüssmann, 2007 found in one specimen of Phalotris matogrossensis Lema, D’Agostini and Cappellari, 2005. Five digenean specimens were recovered from the esophagus of this snake, and four specimens were used for morphometrical studies and one specimen for molecular analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods was conducted with sequences available for the order Plagiorchiida and its phylogenetic position places H. intercaecalis among the brachycoeliids Brachycoelium (Dujardin, 1845) Stiles and Hassall, 1898 and Parabrachycoelium Pérez-Ponce de León, Mendoza-Garfias, Razo-Mendivil and Parra-Olea, 2011, and the mesocoeliid Mesocoelium Odhner, 1910, not closely related to plagiorchids as expected. Due to morphological differences among these families, it may be necessary to create a new family to accommodate Haplometroides spp. However, more genera/taxa as well as other molecular markers should be added in future studies to confirm our results and resolve this matter. This is the first phylogenetic positioning of digeneans of the genus Haplometroides, contributing to the systematic analysis of the helminthological biodiversity of Neotropical snakes.

scholarly journals Resurrection of the Butterfly-winged Comber, Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832 (Teleostei, Serranidae) and its phylogenetic position within genus Serranus

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Adriana Vella ◽  
Noel Vella ◽  
Carolina Acosta-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Population Conservation ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level

The family Serranidae is represented by 92 genera and 579 valid species, with the genus Serranus Cuvier, 1816, containing 30 species. In this study, specimens of Butterfly-winged Comber, Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832, were collected from the Canary Islands and compared morphologically and genetically to Painted Comber, Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Mediterranean Sea. Morphological differences, especially in the colour banding pattern, were corroborated by genetic differences in mitochondrial (COI and ND2) and nuclear (Rhod and PTR) markers. The mitochondrial DNA markers revealed a high level of divergence and no shared haplotypes between the two species (interspecific divergence: COI 4.31%; ND2 8.68%), and a phylogenetic analysis showed that these two species are closely related sister species sharing common ancestry. This study is therefore offering to resurrect S. papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832 as a valid species increasing the number of eastern Atlantic Serranus species to 11. This should direct new species-specific research, including its population conservation status assessment across its distribution.

scholarly journals Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1737) ◽  
pp. 2396-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachunliu G. Kamei ◽  
Diego San Mauro ◽  
David J. Gower ◽  
Ines Van Bocxlaer ◽  
Emma Sherratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
New Family ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Threatened Habitats

The limbless, primarily soil-dwelling and tropical caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) comprise the least known order of tetrapods. On the basis of unprecedented extensive fieldwork, we report the discovery of a previously overlooked, ancient lineage and radiation of caecilians from threatened habitats in the underexplored states of northeast India. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomic and nuclear DNA sequences, and comparative cranial anatomy indicate an unexpected sister-group relationship with the exclusively African family Herpelidae. Relaxed molecular clock analyses indicate that these lineages diverged in the Early Cretaceous, about 140 Ma. The discovery adds a major branch to the amphibian tree of life and sheds light on both the evolution and biogeography of caecilians and the biotic history of northeast India—an area generally interpreted as a gateway between biodiversity hotspots rather than a distinct biogeographic unit with its own ancient endemics. Because of its distinctive morphology, inferred age and phylogenetic relationships, we recognize the newly discovered caecilian radiation as a new family of modern amphibians.

Description of Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hydrozoa, Siphonophora, Calycophorae), with a reappraisal of the function and homology of nectophoral canals

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4415 (3) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. PUGH ◽  
C.W. DUNN ◽  
S.H.D. HADDOCK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Distinct Morphology ◽  
A New Species

A new species of calycophoran siphonophore, Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov, sp. nov., is described. It has a unique combination of traits, some shared with prayomorphs (including two rounded nectophores) and some with clausophyid diphyomorphs (the nectophores are dissimilar, with one slightly larger and slightly to the anterior of the other, and both possess a somatocyst). Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new species is the sister group to all other diphyomorphs. A new family, Tottonophyidae, is established for it. Its phylogenetic position and distinct morphology help clarify diphyomorph evolution. The function and homology of the nectophoral canals and somatocyst is also re-examined and further clarification is given to their nomenclature.

scholarly journals Carybdea alata auct. (Cubozoa): rediscovery of the Alatina grandis type

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2713 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
BASTIAN BENTLAGE
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological Differences

Numerous nominal species have been considered synonymous with Carybdea alata Reynaud, 1830 (cf. Gershwin 2005). A recent revision concluded that several of the species collectively referred to as C. alata are valid and indeed separate species (Gershwin 2005; but see also Bentlage et al. 2010). Additionally, these species (including C. alata) were moved into the genus Alatina Gershwin 2005 (family Alatinidae Gershwin, 2005) because of stark morphological differences they display compared to the other species of Carybdea. In particular, Alatina species possess crescentic phacellae and a rhopaliar niche ostium that is covered by a single upper and two lateral scales (t-shaped sensu Gershwin 2005; cf. Bigelow 1938) compared to a single upper covering scale (heart-shaped sensu Gershwin 2005; cf. Bigelow 1938) and epaulette-like or linear phacellae in the corners of the stomach in Carybdea species. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses support the separation of Carybdea and Alatina (Bentlage et al. 2010). Alatina grandis posed a problem in Gershwin's (2005) revision, as the type of this species appeared to be lost to science, preventing a closer investigation of its identity. I located a type specimen of the species in the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM). The purpose of this letter is to draw attention to this important specimen, and highlight directions for future studies on the evolutionary history of the genus Alatina.

scholarly journals Two new species of the Macrobiotus hufelandi complex (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Australia and India, with notes on their phylogenetic position

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Coughlan ◽  
Daniel Stec
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Group Species ◽  
Independent Species

In this paper we describe two new tardigrade species belonging to the Macrobiotus hufelandi complex: Macrobiotus noongaris sp. nov. from Perth, Australia, and Macrobiotus kamilae sp. nov. from Mussoorie, India. Live specimens extracted from moss samples were used to establish laboratory cultures in order to obtain additional animals and eggs needed for their integrative descriptions. These descriptions are based on traditional morphological and morphometric data collected using both light and scanning electron microscopy, which, at the same time, were associated with DNA sequences of four genetic markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI). The use of DNA sequences allowed for a more accurate verification of the taxonomic status of M. noongaris sp. nov. and M. kamilae sp. nov as independent species of the hufelandi group. Although they both exhibit typical inverted goblet-shaped processes, they represent a recently discovered clade, which was thought to group species with modified morphology of egg processes. Thus, this contribution expands the definition of the mentioned clade and constitutes another link that will be helpful for future studies on the evolution of the M. hufelandi complex.

Antarctic population of Anteholosticha sigmoidea (Foissner, 1982) Berger, 2003 (Ciliophora: Urostylidae) with notes on its phylogenetic position

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4942 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
KANG-SAN KIM ◽  
SU-JUNG JI ◽  
SANGHEE KIM ◽  
GI-SIK MIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Group I ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Morphological Differences

Anteholosticha sigmoidea (Foissner, 1982) Berger, 2003 was isolated from a wet soil sample collected on King George Island, Antarctica. Morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the gene sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) were used to identify the species. Anteholosticha sigmoidea can be divided into two groups: group I (three populations described by Foissner 1982) and group II (described by Foissner 1984) based on the morphological differences. Group I differs from group II by the length of the midventral complex (65.1% vs. 52.5% of the cell length), the number of adoral membranelles (25–28 vs. 16–24), and the number of dorsal bristles in kinety 1 (16 bristles vs. nine bristles). Group I differs from the Antarctica population by the absence/presence of the collecting canals of the contractile vacuole and the number of macronuclear nodules (6–12 vs. 13–19). Group II differs from the Antarctica population by the number of macronuclear nodules (five to nine vs. 13–19); the arrangement of cortical granules (forming longitudinal rows vs. irregularly distributed); the length of the midventral complex (64.7% vs. 53.8% of cell length). In the phylogenetic analyses, A. sigmoidea was not nested with any species, and the gene tree indicated polyphyly of the genus Anteholosticha. 

Stoloniferous octocorals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from South Africa, with descriptions of a new family of Alcyonacea, a new genus of Clavulariidae, and a new species of Cornularia (Cornulariidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. McFadden ◽  
Leen P. van Ofwegen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new family and genus of stoloniferous octocorals (Alcyonacea) and a new genus of Clavulariidae from material collected in South Africa in 2008. Arulidae, fam. nov., is characterised by polyps whose tentacles are fused proximally to form an expanded oral membrane, and sclerites of a type (‘table-radiates’) that has not been recorded previously in Octocorallia. One species, Arula petunia, gen. nov., sp. nov., is described, and the possible existence of congeners elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific is discussed. Inconstantia, gen. nov., is erected for three new species of Clavulariidae that have no or only weak anthocodial armature. I. pannucea, sp. nov., and I. procera, sp. nov., both have tall, cylindrical calyces, while I. exigua, sp. nov., has low, retractile calyces. Despite these morphological differences that would normally place them in different subfamilies, all three species are nearly identical genetically. We also describe Cornularia pabloi, sp. nov., a new species of Cornulariidae from South Africa, and discuss an unidentified species of Carijoa with an unusual colony growth form. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of 130 octocoral taxa, including 15 genera of stoloniferans, supports the distinctions of these new taxa from existing families and genera, and highlights the polyphyletic distribution of the taxa attributed to family Clavulariidae.

scholarly journals Iheyaspira bathycodon new species (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea: Turbinidae: Skeneinae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verity Nye ◽  
Jon Copley ◽  
Katrin Linse ◽  
Sophie Plouviez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Data

Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is described from the Von Damm Vent Field on the world's deepest spreading centre, the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC), Caribbean, at 2300 m depth. The new species is defined and illustrated from 11 specimens, with brief notes on habitat and known distribution. Molecular phylogenetic data from partial COI mDNA, 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA regions are used to analyse the species’ phylogenetic position and its morphology is compared with previously described skeneid and vent taxa. The new species is distinguished from the most closely allied vent species, Iheyaspira lequios Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000 by morphological differences in radula diagnosis and appendage structure of the head-foot. Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is the tenth turbinid to be described from a hydrothermal-vent environment and the second species to be named from recently discovered hydrothermal vents on the MCSC. Determining the faunal composition of assemblages at the vent fields of the MCSC will help to elucidate the vent biogeography of the region.

Phylogenetic position and independent generic status of Indocypraea (Asteraceae-Heliantheae-Ecliptinae): evidence from chloroplast DNA sequences

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
CHEN REN
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Base Chromosome Number ◽  
Statistical Topology

Indocypraea (Asteraceae-Heliantheae-Ecliptinae) is a newly-erected monotypic genus, containing only I. montana. Historically, this species has been variously included in Verbesina, Wedelia, and Wollastonia, and its position has never been investigated from a molecular phylogenetic perspective. Based on chloroplast DNA sequences, I revealed that I. montana is only remotely related to these genera, and is sister to Synedrella with strong support. This topology is also significantly favored by the statistical topology tests. The generic status of Indocypraea is further supported by the achenes brownish yellow and densely dotted with white or yellowish white mottles, and a base chromosome number of x = 37, both of which are distinct in the subtribe Ecliptinae. Additionally, I clarify the identity of Wedelia wallichii var. megalantha, and synonymize it with I. montana.

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