The Halosphaeriaceae revisited

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.B. Gareth Jones ◽  
Wen-Ting Ju ◽  
Cheng-Lun Lu ◽  
Sheng-Yu Guo ◽  
Ka-Lai Pang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Grouping

AbstractThe Halosphaeriaceae is a monophyletic group that shares a common ancestor with Microascaceae and, along with the families Graphiaceae, Ceratocystidiaceae, Chadefaudiellaceae and Gondwanamycetacea, is referred to the order Microascales. It constitutes the largest family in Microascales with 63 genera (166 species) and differs from other families in that most species are aquatic (predominantly marine) and characterised by perithecial ascomata, centrum tissue comprising catenophyses, clavate to fusiform asci that generally deliquesce early, hyaline, unicellular to many times septate ascospores usually with appendages. Although approximately 75% of halosphaeriaceous species have been sequenced, their phylogenetic grouping based on morphological features is not supported. This indicates that certain characters have evolved and been lost several times. New sequences have been generated in this study; a phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S and 28S rDNA was run to determine phylogenetic relationships between genera, and pairwise distance of the partial 28S rDNA was calculated.

Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hemiuroidea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata:Trematoda) based on partial 28S rDNA sequences

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Sokolov ◽  
Dmitry M. Atopkin ◽  
Misako Urabe ◽  
Ilya I. Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

AbstractIn the present paper, the phylogenetic relationships between genera, subfamilies and families of the Hemiuroidea are explored. Twelve new sequences of 28 rDNA and data taken from GenBank (NSBI) on 43 species affiliated to 34 genera were included in the analysis. Most of the hemiuroidean trematodes form two highly supported clades (A and B), which are sister groups to each other.Hemipera manterijoined withGonocercaspp. with moderate statistical support. This clade is basal relative to the clades A and B. Сlade A is polytomic and contains representatives of the families Accacoeliidae, Syncoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hirudinellidae and Sclerodistomidae, and derogenid subfamilies Derogeninae and Halipeginae. At the same time, the Syncoeliidae, Hirudinellidae and Accacoeliidae form a well-supported monophyletic group. The phylogenetic relationship between Derogeninae and Halipeginae is poorly resolved. Сlade B unites the isoparorchiid, bunocotylid, lecithasterid and hemiurid trematodes. Our data re-establishes the family Bunocotylidae, which consists of two subfamilies, Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae, and theMachidatrema chilostoma+Hysterolecithoides frontilatusgroup. The Bunocotylidae is the sister group to the Hemiuridae + Lecithasteridae group and the Isoparorchiidae is a basal relative to the representatives of these three hemiuroid families.

Nearly complete skeleton of Tetraclaenodon (Mammalia, Phenacodontidae) from the early Paleocene of New Mexico: morpho-functional analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Kondrashov ◽  
Spencer G. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
San Juan Basin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Paleocene

We describe the relatively complete skeleton of Tetraclaenodon undoubtedly associated with its dentition, from the Torrejonian interval of the Nacimiento Formation in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Tetraclaenodon is the most primitive and oldest genus of the family Phenacodontidae and is very important for assessing the phylogenetic relationships of the family. The newly described skeleton belonged to a lightly built terrestrial mammal that could use trees for shelter. The structure of the ulna, manus, femur, crus, and pes corresponds to that of a typical terrestrial mammal, while morphological features such as the low greater tubercle of the humerus, long deltopectoral crest, pronounced lateral supracondylar crest, and hemispherical capitulum indicate some scansorial adaptations of Tetraclaenodon. The postcranial skeleton of Tetraclaenodon does not exhibit the cursorial adaptations seen in later phenacodontids and early perissodactyls. Phylogenetic analysis did not recover monophyletic “Phenacodontidae”; instead, phenacodontids formed a series of sister taxa to the Altungulata clade. Tetraclaenodon is the basal-most member of the “Phenacodontidae” + Altungulata clade.

scholarly journals Review and revision of the tribe Baphieae Yakovl. (Fabaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Mikhail Gonharov ◽  
Gennady Pavlovich Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Basal Position

The article gives an overview of the small and archaic tribe Baphieae (Fabaceae, Fabales). The study is devoted to the taxonomic revision of the Baphieae tribe and and the phylogenetic relationships within the group based on the morphological, anatomical, palynological and molecular characteristics. It was carried out on the basis of studying about 5,000 herbarium leaves in 12 European and African botanical institutions. The study was performed using the morphological-geographical and molecular-phylogenetic analysis methods. The article provides information on the morphological features of the species included in the tribe, their geographical distribution and chemical composition. The results of phylogenetic analysis have been presented. According to it, it can be argued that the tribe Baphieae is a monophyletic group occupying a relatively isolated position among the subfamily of moths, based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The proposals for a new structure of the tribe have been made. The identification of several phylogenetic lineages within the tribe and the basal position of the genus Dalhousiea have been substantiated. Further studies have been identified.

Generic boundaries of Leucochrysum and Waitzia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xénia A. Weber ◽  
Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

The Australasian clade of Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) is an ecologically diverse group of species whose generic limits and phylogenetic relationships are still partly unresolved. Previous studies including hybridisation trials, morphological characterisation and preliminary phylogenetic analyses within the Gnaphalieae have suggested that two genera, namely, Waitzia and Leucochrysum, require further investigation into their generic boundaries. To explore the phylogenetic relationships of both genera, the present study used a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The character traits of herbarium specimens from 14 species and six infraspecific taxa of Waitzia, Leucochrysum and Anemocarpa were examined. Chloroplast (psbA–trnH) and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences were generated for phylogenetic analysis. Our findings support Waitzia in its current circumscription as a monophyletic group, whereas Leucochrysum was found to be polyphyletic. Leucochrysum fitzgibbonii was found to be the sister group of Waitzia and shares characters of the involucral bracts, indumentum and growth habit with that genus. The species is formally transferred to the genus Waitzia as W. fitzgibbonii.

Amended description of the rarely reported bryophilous ascomycete Octospora svrcekii (Pyronemataceae) with notes on the phylogeny of the section Wrightoideae

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 475 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
ZUZANA SOCHOROVÁ ◽  
NEVEN MATOČEC ◽  
IVANA KUŠAN ◽  
LUKÁŠ JANOŠÍK ◽  
JAN ECKSTEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Species Description ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
The World ◽  
Rdna Loci ◽  
Dead Material

The bryophilous ascomycete Octospora svrcekii, belonging to the section Wrightoideae, has so far been reported from only three localities in the world. New collections from Albania, Austria, Croatia, France, Slovakia and Spain have enabled a better understanding of its variability, ecology, distribution and phylogenetic relationships with other taxa within the section Wrightoideae. Octospora svrcekii was always found associated with Cratoneuron filicinum growing in constantly humid habitats (brooks, rivers or waterfalls), on calcareous bedrock. A species description based on both living and dead material is provided and compared with previous observations. A phylogenetic analysis of the section Wrightoideae, performed using the EF1α, SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA loci, revealed that Octospora svrcekii forms a monophyletic group with O. wrightii, O. erzbergeri, O. hygrohypnophila and O. americana, all of which are characterised by subglobose to broadly ellipsoid ascospores ornamented with isolated warts, and infect mosses in the order Hypnales, inducing galls on their rhizoids. Based on the molecular analysis, O. orthotrichi and O. affinis, formerly also considered as members of the section Wrightoideae, do not belong to the group.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

Phylogenetic relationships of the lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera) based on 28S rDNA sequences

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Wiegmann ◽  
Kenneth P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

AbstractCyclorrhaphan Diptera are an extremely successful clade of ecologically and phylogenenetically important flies. Despite their significance the relationships among lower cyclorrhaphans ('Aschiza') remain controversial in spite of several morphologically based phylogenetic analyses. We sequenced a 2.7-kb fragment of 28S rDNA for taxa representing all lower cyclorrhaphan families (except Ironomyiidae), four schizophoran families, and seven empidoid out-group taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of these data strongly supports a monophyletic Cyclorrhapha (including the enigmatic taxon Opetia nigra) that is divided into two clades - a well-supported Eumuscomorpha (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae + Schizophora), and a weakly-supported Platypezoidea (all non-Eumuscomorpha). Consequently, the former grouping known as Aschiza, which included syrphids and pipunculids, is not a valid monophyletic clade. Within Platypezoidea, most of our analyses place Lonchopteridae as sister group to Opetiidae, and strongly support the monophyly of Sciadoceridae + Phoridae. Among the Eumuscomorpha we do not recover the monophyly of Syrphoidea (Syrphidae + Pipunculidae). Instead, all analyses place Pipunculidae as the sister group to Schizophora. This novel finding has never been proposed based on morphological data and will require more data (both molecular and morphological) and taxa to confirm.

Comparative morphology and phylogenetic systematics of the families Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Perciformes: Cirrhitoidea), and proposal of a new classification

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4536 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
KATSUYA KIMURA ◽  
HISASHI IMAMURA ◽  
TOSHIO KAWAI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Transformation Series

The phylogenetic relationships of the families Cheilodactylidae and Latridae, plus related taxa, are examined from a detailed osteological perspective. The monophyly of each family is re-evaluated and a new classification is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic relationships. A phylogenetic analysis of characters in 67 transformation series showed Latridae to comprise a monophyletic group nested within cheilodactylids. Cheilodactylidae was non-monophyletic, but rather was formed by a clade including Cheilodactylus fasciatus and C. pixi having a sister relationship with a second clade comprising remaining cheilodactylids and latrids. A new classification is proposed, Cheilodactylidae, including only genus Cheilodactylus, and Latridae, including six genera (Latris, Nemadactylus, Mendosoma, Goniistius, Latridopsis and Dactylophora). 

On the phylogenetic relationships of Axiokebuita, Travisia and Scalibregmatidae (Polychaeta)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 998 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNY PERSSON ◽  
FREDRIK PLEIJEL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Adhesive Papillae ◽  
The Antarctic

We provide a description of newly collected specimens of Axiokebuita Pocklington & Fournier from Norway, previously known only from east Canada and the Antarctic. Due to delineation problems between the only two described species, A. minuta (Hartman) and A. millsi Pocklington & Fournier, these new specimens cannot unambiguously be referred to either species. Previously unnoticed adhesive papillae on the pygidium are present in both species and may constitute an apomorphy for Axiokebuita. The taxon lacks many morphological features otherwise characteristic for scalibregmatids, and to assess its affinities we present 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA-based analyses together with six other scalibregmatids and twenty other polychaetes. A nemertean is used as outgroup. All analyses support that Axiokebuita is a scalibregmatid. Furthermore, Travisia Johnston, traditionally referred to the Opheliidae, is nested within the scalibregmatids, as sister to Neolipobranchius Hartman & Fauchald. Arenicolidae and Maldanidae may constitute the sister group of scalibregmatids.

scholarly journals The PhyloCode applied to Cintractiellales, a new order of smut fungi with unresolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ustilaginomycotina

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
A.R. McTaggart ◽  
C.J. Prychid ◽  
J.J. Bruhl ◽  
R.G. Shivas
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
New Order ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor

The PhyloCode is used to classify taxa based on their relation to a most recent common ancestor as recovered from a phylogenetic analysis. We examined the first specimen of Cintractiella (Ustilaginomycotina) collected from Australia and determined its systematic relationship to other Fungi. Three ribosomal DNA loci were analysed both with and without constraint to a phylogenomic hypothesis of the Ustilaginomycotina. Cintractiella did not share a most recent common ancestor with other orders of smut fungi. We used the PhyloCode to define the Cintractiellales, a monogeneric order with four species of Cintractiella, including C. scirpodendri sp. nov. on Scirpodendron ghaeri. The Cintractiellales may have shared a most recent common ancestor with the Malasseziomycetes, but are otherwise unresolved at the rank of class.

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