scholarly journals Fungal Diversity And Seasonal Succession Under Invasive Moss Campylopus Introflexus And Other Plants In Disturbed Peatlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Repečkienė ◽  
Ilona Jukonienė ◽  
Olga Salina
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Campylopus Introflexus ◽  
Bare Peat

AbstractThe distribution of invasive moss Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. may have negative influence on natural restoration of plant cover in peatlands due to the accumulation of heavy decomposing residues and suppression of the growth of microorganisms in peat. Species composition of fungal communities and seasonal succession under mosses C. introflexus and Polytrichum strictum, vascular plant Calluna vulgaris and bare peat were studied in two naturally regenerating disturbed peatlands in Lithuania. Cultivable fungi were isolated from peat and enumerated by applying the serial dilution plate technique. A total of 66 species of fungi ascribed to 21 genera (among these 30 species from 13 genera under moss C. introflexus) were identified. Fungus species of the genera Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mortierella and Paecilomyces dominated. The highest diversity of fungal species was found in Laukėsa under Calluna vulgaris. Differences in the structure of fungal communities were found in Mūšos Tyrelis in autumn and in Laukėsa in spring. Significant differences in species diversity under various plants were obtained only in summer. The Gleason species diversity index for peat under C. introflexus was not very high (1.77–2.58) in different seasons. Fungal species composition under moss C. introflexus did not show pronounced characteristic peculiarities compared to other plants and was similar to that in bare peat. The obtained data are important for the prediction of fungal community succession in peatlands and biodegradation level of plant residues.

Enumeration of Plant Species Inhabiting Oil Palm Trees (Elaeis-guineensis) at Zawlpui Plantation Site, Serchhip District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Lal awmpuia ◽  
◽  
H. Lalruatsanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Plant Stem

A survey of plant species inhabiting oil palm trees was conducted in Zawlpui area of Serchhip district, Mizoram. The study area is a tropical potent agriculture zone, wherein small-scale business of Elaeis guineensis plantation is carried out by several farmers mainly within the gentle sloppy terrain. Oil palm with a rough bark harbors immense inhabitation by a variety plants, that rooted mostly on the debris at leaf base. Species diversity on the plant stem supposedly encourage insects and termites to establish herewith, thus causing harming to the tree. The sample stands within 400 m–800 m altitude were picked randomly. A total of 50 palm tree were accounted and all associated plants on the stem above 30 cm from the ground are all recorded. Species that cannot be identified on the site were pressed and observed at Botany Research lab, Pachhunga University College. The survey documented 38 vascular plant species which include 4 epiphytes and 1 non-vascular species of lichen, 1 bryophyte and 4 fungal species at that time. Invasive Peperomia pellucida and epiphytic pteridophytes Nephrolepis biserrata was found in most of the stand sample; however, Peperomia population decreases with the increasing elevation. Dynamics of inhabitant species diversity also correlate to location of tree. The study also established that diversity of inhabiting species was comparatively high on parts of the stem facing sunlight.

An comparative analysis of airborne and terrestrial fungi in show caves Novoafonskaya (Caucasus) and Ali-Sadr (Iran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Anna Popkova ◽  
Ekaterina Kozlova ◽  
Samaneh Khazaei ◽  
Sergei Kochetkov ◽  
Anton Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Jaccard Index ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Cave Sediments ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Show Caves ◽  
Terrestrial Fungi

Caves are considered as ecosystems isolated from the surface in varying degrees. Hypogean habitats are mostly A study of cultivated species of microfungi in two show caves Novoafonskaya (Caucasus) and Ali-Sadr (Iran) was carried out. The species composition of fungi has been analyzed in the air and cave sediments along the excursion route. Species identification was performed using standard approaches and cultivation methods. Jaccard index was applied to estimate similarity of communities of different biotopes. The species diversity of microfungi was higher in the Novoafonskaya cave where 50 species of microfungi were identified. Only 38 species were isolated from the Ali-Sadr cave. Representatives of Ascomycota predominated in fungal communities. The greatest species diversity was noted in the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Species Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Oidiodendron tenuissimum and Penicillium chrysogenum were identified in all biotopes of both caves. Comparison of two biotopes of the caves using the Jaccard index revealed a high similarity in the species composition in the soil and air of the Novoafonskaya cave (KJ = 0.64). On the contrary, the species composition of fungi was different in Ali-Sadr cave (KJ = 0.22), which may be explained by intensive propagules input from the surface due to the cave morphology features and the arrangement of excursion route.

Analyses of microfungal diversity from a user's perspective

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Bills
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Inventory Problem ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Rapid Isolation ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Biotic Diversity ◽  
Potential Methods

For microfungi, the understanding of the extent of their biotic diversity and of their ecological function remains underdeveloped. An insufficient number of specialists are available to collect and document the world's microfungi. Organizations that exploit microfungi as a source of chemical products or for biotechnological applications also may need to assess microfungal diversity to meet their specific objectives. During future inventories of biomes that are deemed of high biological interest or that may harbor species of commercial potential, methods for enumerating microfungi must be made more efficient, and fungal communities should be evaluated in such a way as to extract the maximum information. Rapid isolation techniques can be used to deliver high species diversity and obtain quantitative estimates of fungal species diversity and abundance. These methods, some previously developed by soil ecologists, rely heavily on selective media, dissection, physical and chemical elimination of contaminants, knowledge of spore behavior, and manipulation of incubation conditions. The rapid expansion of our knowledge of endophytes in woody plants exemplifies the success of this approach. Whenever rigorous isolation strategies have been applied to unstudied substrates, an unrealized depth of species diversity has been revealed. When methods are standardized, richness of different fungal communities, geographic variation within communities, or effectiveness of isolation procedures can be quickly and quantitatively compared. Exploration of complex substrata via indirect isolation expands the view of the fungal community in a way that complements traditional mycological collecting. However, fungi isolated into culture are often impossible to identify based on morphology. The utility of the rapid isolation approach to the inventory problem is illustrated with experiences with microfungi from rain-forest leaf litter.Key words: fungal metabolites, industrial microbiology, microbial diversity, natural products.

The autumn communities of freshwater hyphomycetes in the tributaries of the River Neelum

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1046-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdaus-e- Bareen ◽  
S. H. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Conidium Production ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Percentage Similarity

Freshwater hyphomycete communities of autumn, based on data generated by three techniques used simultaneously, were richer than those detected by these techniques used singly. The fungal communities in the acidic streams were poorer (28–32 species) than in the circumneutral streams (39–64 species). No significant correlation was found between number of fungal species and pH of the stream water. Combining the data from this study with those of studies by other authors using the same techniques, linear correlation and regression analyses revealed the significant negative correlation between species composition of communities in a stream and its pH. The number of fungal species in assemblages detected by different techniques used singly (e.g., filtration of stream water or examination of foam concentrate) or communities based on data generated by these techniques used simultaneously versus pH values formed a unimodal curve with a maximum at a pH between 6 and 7, mostly at 6.7. The conidial dynamics were influenced by the riparian vegetation. Conidium production from submerged deciduous and conifer litter was determined under laboratory conditions. Generally conidium production per disc was higher for Anguillospora longissima (Sacc. & Syd) Ingold, Flagellospora cumula Ingold, Lunulospora curvula Ingold, and Tetracladium marchalianum de Wildeman in deciduous leaves than conifer leaves. Heliscus lugdunensis Sacc. & Therry, Alatospora acuminata Ingold, and Articulospora tetracladia Ingold produced more conidia per disc in conifer than in deciduous leaves. Percentage similarity between spora produced by submerged substrate and stream spora was higher for deciduous substratum than for coniferous substratum in five circumneutral streams with a riparian vegetation dominated by deciduous trees. This index was higher for coniferous substratum in three acidic streams in which coniferous and deciduous trees were evenly distributed. The fungal communities in the Nosehri, Pathika, and Jabbar Camp streams showed higher values of species diversity than in other streams. Key words: freshwater, hyphomycetes, species diversity.

Cellulose-decomposing fungi in Peatlands occupied by invasive moss Campylopus introflexus

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Repečkienė ◽  
Ilona Jukonienė ◽  
Olga Salina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Serial Dilution ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Eriophorum Angustifolium ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Campylopus Introflexus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Polytrichum Strictum ◽  
Bare Peat

Abstract Repečkienė J., Jukonienė I., Salina O., 2012: Cellulose-decomposing fungi in peatlands occupied by invasive moss Campylopus introflexus [Celiuliozę skaidantys grybai durpynuose, kuriuose plinta invazinė samana Campylopusintroflexus]. - Bot. Lith., 18(1): 46-57. Studies on the abundance and genera composition of cellulose-decomposing fungi in four differently disturbed peatlands occupied by invasive moss Campylopus introflexus were carried out in autumn, spring and summer seasons. The abundance of fungi under C. introflexus was compared with the abundance of fungal communities under other plants occupying the same habitats (Polytrichum strictum, Eriophorum angustifolium, Callunavulgaris) and bare peat. The serial dilution plate technique was applied for isolation and enumeration of cellulose- decomposing fungi. The large amount of organic matter as well as acidic reaction of peat creates favourable conditions for the development of fungi at the studied sites. The number of cellulose-decomposing fungi depended on the peatland type, prevailing plants and season. The richness of fungal genera (15) was determined under Campylopus introflexus. Fungal isolates belonging to the Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium genera and the Zygomycetes class prevailed.

scholarly journals How Tillage and Crop Rotation Change the Distribution Pattern of Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Orrù ◽  
Loredana Canfora ◽  
Alessandra Trinchera ◽  
Melania Migliore ◽  
Bruno Pennelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Massive sequencing of fungal communities showed that climatic factors, followed by edaphic and spatial variables, are feasible predictors of fungal richness and community composition. This study, based on a long-term field experiment with tillage and no-tillage management since 1995 and with a crop rotation introduced in 2009, confirmed that tillage practices shape soil properties and impact soil fungal communities. Results highlighted higher biodiversity of saprotrophic fungi in soil sites with low disturbance and an inverse correlation between the biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. We speculated how their mutual exclusion could be due to a substrate-mediated niche partitioning or by space segregation. Moreover, where the soil was ploughed, the species were evenly distributed. There was higher spatial variability in the absence of ploughing, with fungal taxa distributed according to a small-scale pattern, corresponding to micro-niches that probably remained undisturbed and heterogeneously distributed. Many differentially represented OTUs in all the conditions investigated were unidentified species or OTUs matching at high taxa level (i.e., phylum, class, order). Among the fungi with key roles in all the investigated conditions, there were several yeast species known to have pronounced endemism in soil and are also largely unidentified. In addition to yeasts, other fungal species emerged as either indicator of a kind of management or as strongly associated with a specific condition. Plant residues played a substantial role in defining the assortment of species.

scholarly journals Artisanal and farmers bread making practices differently shape fungal species diversity in French sourdoughs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Michel ◽  
Estelle Masson ◽  
Sandrine Bubbendorf ◽  
Léocadie Lapicque ◽  
Judith Legrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Sourdough Bread ◽  
Fungal Species Diversity

AbstractPreserving microbial diversity in food systems is one of the many challenges to be met to achieve food security and quality. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the factors that may influence food microbial diversity, notably in fermented foods. Although industrialization led to the selection and spread of specific fermenting microbial strains, there are still ongoing artisanal processes that may allow the conservation of a wider diversity of microbial species. We examined whether the diversity of artisanal practices could lead to an increased level in fungal species diversity for bread making. We used an interdisciplinary participatory research approach including bakers, psycho-sociologists and microbiologists to analyse French bread making practices and describe fungal communities in naturally fermented sourdough. Bread making practices were clustered in a farmer practices’ group and an artisanal practices’ group. Surprisingly, the well-known bakery yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was dominant (i.e. with a relative abundance over 50%) in only 24% of sourdoughs and other yeast species of the closely related Kazachstania genus were frequent. Bread making practices were found to drive the distribution of these species. The differences in fungal communities were associated with variation in sourdough acidity, maltose concentration and hydration. Overall, our results showed that preserving bread making practices diversity allows the preservation of a higher taxonomic and functional diversity in microbial communities.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of anurans in the Restinga of the Conde municipality, northern coast of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Trindade Gondim-Silva ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Santos Andrade ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Jamile Santos Nascimento ◽  
Geovane Paixão Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the 'main rainy season' and two in a 'lesser rainy season', using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H' indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones - SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones - FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H'= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H' = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga).

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