scholarly journals Convolutional neural-network-based classification of retinal images with different combinations of filtering techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Asha Gnana Priya Henry ◽  
Anitha Jude
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Neural Network Input

Abstract Retinal image analysis is one of the important diagnosis methods in modern ophthalmology because eye information is present in the retina. The image acquisition process may have some effects and can affect the quality of the image. This can be improved by better image enhancement techniques combined with the computer-aided diagnosis system. Deep learning is one of the important computational application techniques used for a medical imaging application. The main aim of this article is to find the best enhancement techniques for the identification of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and are tested with the commonly used deep learning techniques, and the performances are measured. In this article, the input image is taken from the Indian-based database named as Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset, and 13 filters are used including smoothing and sharpening filters for enhancing the images. Then, the quality of the enhancement techniques is compared using performance metrics and better results are obtained for Median, Gaussian, Bilateral, Wiener, and partial differential equation filters and are combined for improving the enhancement of images. The output images from all the enhanced filters are given as the convolutional neural network input and the results are compared to find the better enhancement method.

scholarly journals Real-Time Automated Classification of Sky Conditions Using Deep Learning and Edge Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3859
Author(s):  
Joby M. Prince Czarnecki ◽  
Sathishkumar Samiappan ◽  
Meilun Zhou ◽  
Cary Daniel McCraine ◽  
Louis L. Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Sky Conditions

The radiometric quality of remotely sensed imagery is crucial for precision agriculture applications because estimations of plant health rely on the underlying quality. Sky conditions, and specifically shadowing from clouds, are critical determinants in the quality of images that can be obtained from low-altitude sensing platforms. In this work, we first compare common deep learning approaches to classify sky conditions with regard to cloud shadows in agricultural fields using a visible spectrum camera. We then develop an artificial-intelligence-based edge computing system to fully automate the classification process. Training data consisting of 100 oblique angle images of the sky were provided to a convolutional neural network and two deep residual neural networks (ResNet18 and ResNet34) to facilitate learning two classes, namely (1) good image quality expected, and (2) degraded image quality expected. The expectation of quality stemmed from the sky condition (i.e., density, coverage, and thickness of clouds) present at the time of the image capture. These networks were tested using a set of 13,000 images. Our results demonstrated that ResNet18 and ResNet34 classifiers produced better classification accuracy when compared to a convolutional neural network classifier. The best overall accuracy was obtained by ResNet34, which was 92% accurate, with a Kappa statistic of 0.77. These results demonstrate a low-cost solution to quality control for future autonomous farming systems that will operate without human intervention and supervision.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Performasi Ruang Warna pada Klasifikasi Diabetic Retinophaty Menggunakan Convolution Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Candra Dewi ◽  
Andri Santoso ◽  
Indriati Indriati ◽  
Nadia Artha Dewi ◽  
Yoke Kusuma Arbawa
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Color Spaces ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Accuracy

<p>Semakin meningkatnya jumlah penderita diabetes menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab semakin tingginya penderita penyakit <em>diabetic retinophaty</em>. Salah satu citra yang digunakan oleh dokter mata untuk mengidentifikasi <em>diabetic retinophaty</em> adalah foto retina. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengenalan penyakit diabetic retinophaty secara otomatis menggunakan citra <em>fundus</em> retina dan algoritme <em>Convolutional Neural Network</em> (CNN) yang merupakan variasi dari algoritme Deep Learning. Kendala yang ditemukan dalam proses pengenalan adalah warna retina yang cenderung merah kekuningan sehingga ruang warna RGB tidak menghasilkan akurasi yang optimal. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian pada berbagai ruang warna untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik. Dari hasil uji coba menggunakan 1000 data pada ruang warna RGB, HSI, YUV dan L*a*b* memberikan hasil yang kurang optimal pada data seimbang dimana akurasi terbaik masih dibawah 50%. Namun pada data tidak seimbang menghasilkan akurasi yang cukup tinggi yaitu 83,53% pada ruang warna YUV dengan pengujian pada data latih dan akurasi 74,40% dengan data uji pada semua ruang warna.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Increasing the number of people with diabetes is one of the factors causing the high number of people with diabetic retinopathy. One of the images used by ophthalmologists to identify diabetic retinopathy is a retinal photo. In this research, the identification of diabetic retinopathy is done automatically using retinal fundus images and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm, which is a variation of the Deep Learning algorithm. The obstacle found in the recognition process is the color of the retina which tends to be yellowish red so that the RGB color space does not produce optimal accuracy. Therefore, in this research, various color spaces were tested to get better results. From the results of trials using 1000 images data in the color space of RGB, HSI, YUV and L * a * b * give suboptimal results on balanced data where the best accuracy is still below 50%. However, the unbalanced data gives a fairly high accuracy of 83.53% with training data on the YUV color space and 74,40% with testing data on all color spaces.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Bichannel Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shu-I Pao ◽  
Hong-Zin Lin ◽  
Ke-Hung Chien ◽  
Ming-Cheng Tai ◽  
Jiann-Torng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Fundus Photograph ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Green Component ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

Deep learning of fundus photograph has emerged as a practical and cost-effective technique for automatic screening and diagnosis of severer diabetic retinopathy (DR). The entropy image of luminance of fundus photograph has been demonstrated to increase the detection performance for referable DR using a convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based system. In this paper, the entropy image computed by using the green component of fundus photograph is proposed. In addition, image enhancement by unsharp masking (UM) is utilized for preprocessing before calculating the entropy images. The bichannel CNN incorporating the features of both the entropy images of the gray level and the green component preprocessed by UM is also proposed to improve the detection performance of referable DR by deep learning.

scholarly journals Image classification of different clove (Syzygium aromaticum) quality using deep learning method with convolutional neural network algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
I Y Prayogi ◽  
Sandra ◽  
Y Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Reading Accuracy

Abstract The objective of this study is to classify the quality of dried clove flowers using deep learning method with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm, and also to perform the sensitivity analysis of CNN hyperparameters to obtain best model for clove quality classification process. The quality of clove as raw material in this study was determined according to SNI 3392-1994 by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII Pancusari Plantation, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. In total 1,600 images of dried clove flower were divided into 4 qualities. Each clove quality has 225 training data, 75 validation data, and 100 test data. The first step of this study is to build CNN model architecture as first model. The result of that model gives 65.25% reading accuracy. The second step is to analyze CNN sensitivity or CNN hyperparameter on the first model. The best value of CNN hyperparameter in each step then to be used in the next stage. Finally, after CNN hyperparameter carried out the reading accuracy of the test data is improved to 87.75%.

scholarly journals Automatic vegetation identification in Google Earth images using a convolutional neural network: A case study for Japanese bamboo forests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuntaro Watanabe ◽  
Kazuaki Sumi ◽  
Takeshi Ise
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Automatic Identification

ABSTRACTClassifying and mapping vegetation are very important tasks in environmental science and natural resource management. However, these tasks are not easy because conventional methods such as field surveys are highly labor intensive. Automatic identification of target objects from visual data is one of the most promising ways to reduce the costs for vegetation mapping. Although deep learning has become a new solution for image recognition and classification recently, in general, detection of ambiguous objects such as vegetation still is considered difficult. In this paper, we investigated the potential for adapting the chopped picture method, a recently described protocol for deep learning, to detect plant communities in Google Earth images. We selected bamboo forests as the target. We obtained Google Earth images from three regions in Japan. By applying the deep convolutional neural network, the model successfully learned the features of bamboo forests in Google Earth images, and the best trained model correctly detected 97% of the targets. Our results show that identification accuracy strongly depends on the image resolution and the quality of training data. Our results also highlight that deep learning and the chopped picture method can potentially become a powerful tool for high accuracy automated detection and mapping of vegetation.

scholarly journals A Convolutional Neural Network based System to Detect Plant Disease

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽  
pp. 944-962
Author(s):  
K. Niha ◽  
Dr.S. Amutha ◽  
Dr. Aisha Banu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Proposed Model

Disease in plants are a great challenge in the advancement of agriculture which affects farmers yield and the plants. In this modern research deep learning models got a spot light by increasing plant detection accuracy and classification. The proposed CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model detect seven plant diseases out of healthy leaf, where the dataset considered in this work contain 8685 leaf images from Plant Village Dataset. The proposed modals performance are evaluated with respect to the performance metrics (F1 score, Precision and Recall) and are compared with SVM and ANN. Where the proposed CNN model outperforms the rest with the accuracy of 96.2% and the F1 score greater than 95%. The feasibility of the proposed model in plant detection and classification may provide a solution to the problem faced by farmers.

scholarly journals DISTEMA: distance map-based estimation of single protein model accuracy with attentive 2D convolutional neural network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Jianling Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Distance Map ◽  
Protein Model ◽  
Single Protein ◽  
Ranking Loss

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of the accuracy (quality) of protein structural models is important for both prediction and use of protein structural models. Deep learning methods have been used to integrate protein structure features to predict the quality of protein models. Inter-residue distances are key information for predicting protein’s tertiary structures and therefore have good potentials to predict the quality of protein structural models. However, few methods have been developed to fully take advantage of predicted inter-residue distance maps to estimate the accuracy of a single protein structural model.ResultWe developed an attentive 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) with channel-wise attention to take only a raw difference map between the inter-residue distance map calculated from a single protein model and the distance map predicted from the protein sequence as input to predict the quality of the model. The network comprises multiple convolutional layers, batch normalization layers, dense layers, and Squeeze-and-Excitation blocks with attention to automatically extract features relevant to protein model quality from the raw input without using any expert-curated features. We evaluated DISTEMA’s capability of selecting the best models for CASP13 targets in terms of ranking loss of GDT-TS score. The ranking loss of DISTEMA is 0.079, lower than several state-of-the-art single-model quality assessment methods. The work demonstrates that using raw inter-residue distance information alone with deep learning can predict the quality of protein structural models reasonably well.

scholarly journals EfficientNetB3 Architecture for Diabetic Retinopathy Assessment using  Fundus Images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelali ELMOUFIDI ◽  
Hind Amoun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Retinal Area ◽  
Hard Exudate ◽  
Retinal Blood Vessels

Abstract Classification of the stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered a key step in the assessment and management of diabetic retinopathy. Due to the damage caused by high blood sugar to the retinal blood vessels, different microscopic structures can be occupied in the retinal area, such as micro-aneurysms, hard exudate and neovascularization. The convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep learning has become a promising method for the analysis of biomedical images. In this work, representative images of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are divided into five categories according to the professional knowledge of ophthalmologists. This article focuses on the use of convolutional neural networks to classify background images of DR according to disease severity and on the application of pooling, Softmax Activation to achieve greater accuracy. The aptos2019-blindness-detection database makes it possible to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Deep Learning untuk Klasifikasi Diabetic Retinopathy menggunakan Model EfficientNet

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
SYAMSUL RIZAL ◽  
NUR IBRAHIM ◽  
NOR KUMALASARI CAESAR PRATIWI ◽  
SOFIA SAIDAH ◽  
RADEN YUNENDAH NUR FU’ADAH
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Keywords Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Melitus ◽  
Learning By Using

ABSTRAKDiabetic Retinopathy merupakan penyakit yang dapat mengakibatkan kebutaan mata yang disebabkan oleh adanya komplikasi penyakit diabetes melitus. Oleh karena itu mendeteksi secara dini sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah bertambah parahnya penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini merancang sebuah sistem yang dapat mendeteksi Diabetic Retinopathy berbasis Deep Learning dengan menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). EfficientNet model digunakan untuk melatih dataset yang telah di pre-prosesing sebelumnya. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan akurasi sebesar 79.8% yang dapat mengklasifikasi 5 level penyakit Diabetic Retinopathy.Kata kunci: Diabetic Retinopathy, Deep Learning, CNN, EfficientNet, Diabetic Classification ABSTRACTDiabetic Retinopathy is a diseases which can cause blindness in the eyes because of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, an early detection for this diseases is very important to prevent the diseases become severe. This research builds the system which can detect the Diabetic Retinopathy based on Deep Learning by using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). EfficientNet model is used to trained the dataset which have been pre-prossed. The result shows that the system can clasiffy the 5 level of Diabetic Retinopathy with accuracy 79.8%. Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, Deep Learning, CNN, EfficientNet, Diabetic Classification

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