Modeling and Simulation Environments for Sustainable Low-Carbon Energy Production – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldric Tumilar ◽  
Manish Sharma ◽  
Dia Milani ◽  
Ali Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Abstract This paper reviews research trends in modeling for low-carbon energy production. The focus is on two currently significant low-carbon energy processes; namely, bioenergy and post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) processes. The fundamentals of these two processes are discussed and the role of modeling and simulation tools (MSTs) is highlighted. The most popular modeling software packages are identified and their use in the literature is analyzed. Among commercially available packages, it is found that no single software package can handle all process development needs such as, configuration studies, techno-economic analysis, exergy optimization, and process integration. This review also suggests that optimal modeling results reported in literature can be viewed as optimal at the individual plant level, but sub-optimal for plant superstructure level. This review has identified key gaps pertinent to developing hybrid models that describe integrated energy production processes. ASPEN Plus is found to be dominant for modeling both bioenergy and PCC processes for both steady-state and dynamic modes respectively.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage with Low-Carbon Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Terlouw ◽  
Karin Treyer ◽  
christian bauer ◽  
Marco Mazzotti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solid Sorbent ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Limited Scope

Prospective energy scenarios usually rely on Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies to achieve the climate goals of the Paris Agreement. CDR technologies aim at removing CO2 from the atmosphere in a permanent way. However, the implementation of CDR technologies typically comes along with unintended environmental side-effects such as land transformation or water consumption. These need to be quantified before large-scale implementation of any CDR option by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) is considered to be among the CDR technologies closest to large-scale implementation, since first pilot and demonstration units have been installed and interactions with the environment are less complex than for biomass related CDR options. However, only very few LCA studies - with limited scope - have been conducted so far to determine the overall life-cycle environmental performance of DACCS. We provide a comprehensive LCA of different low temperature DACCS configurations - pertaining to solid sorbent-based technology - including a global and prospective analysis.

scholarly journals Achieving Net Zero Emissions Requires the Knowledge and Skills of the Oil and Gas Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astley Hastings ◽  
Pete Smith
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

The challenge facing society in the 21st century is to improve the quality of life for all citizens in an egalitarian way, providing sufficient food, shelter, energy, and other resources for a healthy meaningful life, while at the same time decarbonizing anthropogenic activity to provide a safe global climate, limiting temperature rise to well-below 2°C with the aim of limiting the temperature increase to no more than 1.5°C. To do this, the world must achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. Currently spreading wealth and health across the globe is dependent on growing the GDP of all countries, driven by the use of energy, which until recently has mostly been derived from fossil fuel. Recently, some countries have decoupled their GDP growth and greenhouse gas emissions through a rapid increase in low carbon energy generation. Considering the current level of energy consumption and projected implementation rates of low carbon energy production, a considerable quantity of fossil fuels is projected to be used to fill the gap, and to avoid emissions of GHG and close the gap between the 1.5°C carbon budget and projected emissions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) on an industrial scale will be required. In addition, the IPCC estimate that large-scale GHG removal from the atmosphere is required to limit warming to below 2°C using technologies such as Bioenergy CCS and direct carbon capture with CCS to achieve climate safety. In this paper, we estimate the amount of carbon dioxide that will have to be captured and stored, the storage volume, technology, and infrastructure required to achieve the energy consumption projections with net zero GHG emissions by 2050. We conclude that the oil and gas production industry alone has the geological and engineering expertise and global reach to find the geological storage structures and build the facilities, pipelines, and wells required. Here, we consider why and how oil and gas companies will need to morph from hydrocarbon production enterprises into net zero emission energy and carbon dioxide storage enterprises, decommission facilities only after CCS, and thus be economically sustainable businesses in the long term, by diversifying in and developing this new industry.

Optimizing biomass energy production at the municipal level to move to low-carbon energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 103417
Author(s):  
Wojciech Drożdż ◽  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Marcin Rabe ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Bartosz Pilecki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
Municipal Level

scholarly journals Assessing Global Long-Term EROI of Gas: A Net-Energy Perspective on the Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Delannoy ◽  
Pierre-Yves Longaretti ◽  
David. J. Murphy ◽  
Emmanuel Prados
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
Standard Energy

Natural gas is expected to play an important role in the coming low-carbon energy transition. However, conventional gas resources are gradually being replaced by unconventional ones and a question remains: to what extent is net-energy production impacted by the use of lower-quality energy sources? This aspect of the energy transition was only partially explored in previous discussions. To fill this gap, this paper incorporates standard energy-return-on-investment (EROI) estimates and dynamic functions into the GlobalShift bottom-up model at a global level. We find that the energy necessary to produce gas (including direct and indirect energy and material costs) corresponds to 6.7% of the gross energy produced at present, and is growing at an exponential rate: by 2050, it will reach 23.7%. Our results highlight the necessity of viewing the energy transition through the net-energy prism and call for a greater number of EROI studies.

scholarly journals Benefits of the multi-modality formulation in hydrogen supply chain modelling

2022 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Federico Parolin ◽  
Paolo Colbertaldo ◽  
Stefano Campanari
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Hydrogen Supply Chain ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Hydrogen is recognized as a key element of future low-carbon energy systems. For proper integration, an adequate delivery infrastructure will be required, to be deployed in parallel to the electric grid and the gas network. This work adopts an optimization model to support the design of a future hydrogen delivery infrastructure, considering production, storage, and transport up to demand points. The model includes two production technologies, i.e., steam reforming with carbon capture and PV-fed electrolysis systems, and three transport modalities, i.e., pipelines, compressed hydrogen trucks, and liquid hydrogen trucks. This study compares a multi-modality formulation, in which the different transport technologies are simultaneously employed and their selection is optimized, with a mono-modality formulation, in which a single transport technology is considered. The assessment looks at the regional case study of Lombardy in Italy, considering a long-term scenario in which an extensive hydrogen supply chain is developed to supply hydrogen for clean mobility. Results show that the multi-modality infrastructure provides significant cost benefits, yielding an average cost of hydrogen that is up to 11% lower than a mono-modality configuration.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency, low-carbon energy production, and economic growth in CIS countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 012087 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vazim ◽  
O Kochetkova ◽  
I Azimzhamov ◽  
E Shvagrukova ◽  
N Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

scholarly journals Retrofit Decarbonization of Coal Power Plants—A Case Study for Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Staffan Qvist ◽  
Paweł Gładysz ◽  
Łukasz Bartela ◽  
Anna Sowiżdżał
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Out of 2 TWe of coal power plant capacity in operation globally today, more than half is less than 14 years old. Climate policy related to limiting CO2-emissions makes the longer-term operation of these plants untenable. In this study, we assess the spectrum of available options for the future of both equipment and jobs in the coal power sector by assessing the full scope of “retrofit decarbonization” options. Retrofit decarbonization is an umbrella term that includes adding carbon capture, fuel conversion, and the replacement of coal boilers with new low-carbon energy sources, in each case re-using as much of the existing equipment as economically practicable while reducing or eliminating emissions. This article explores this idea using the Polish coal power fleet as a case study. Retrofit decarbonization in Poland was shown to be most attractive using high-temperature small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) to replace coal boilers, which can lower upfront capital costs by ~28–35% and levelized cost of electricity by 9–28% compared to a greenfield installation. If retrofit decarbonization is implemented globally by the late 2020s, up to 200 billion tons of otherwise-committed CO2-emissions could be avoided.

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