Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Viscosity of Binary Mixtures of PEG-1000 + water

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasmita Dash ◽  
C. Mallika ◽  
U. Kamachi Mudali
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Repulsive Force ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 1000 ◽  
Solvent Molecules

Abstract Viscosities of binary mixtures of polyethylene glycol-1000 (PEG-1000) and water were measured precisely in the temperature range 293.15–343.15 K at atmospheric pressure using a high precision viscometer. Viscosity data were used to calculate the activation energy of viscous flow. The activation energy was observed to increase with increase in the concentration of aqueous solutions of PEG which indicated that more energy is required to move the molecule inside the structure with increase in concentration. The measured data provided better understanding to explain the behaviour of macromolecules with respect to change in concentration and temperature. The results were discussed in the light of polymer-solvent interactions. At lower concentration range, the molecules exhibit weak interaction due to dominant repulsive force and at higher concentration the entanglement of polymer chain increases. In view of greater force of interaction between solute and solvent molecules forming hydrogen bonding, there will be an increase in interaction with temperature and concentration.

Excess molar volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of some n-alkoxyethanols with propylamine at 298.15 K

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalendu Pal ◽  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
Harsh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Excess Molar Volumes ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Volume Viscosity

Excess molar volumes (VEm) and dynamic viscosities (η) for five (alkoxyethanol + propylamine) mixtures have been measured as a function of composition at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The alkoxyethanols were 2-methoxyethanol, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, and 2-{2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy}ethanol. The excess molar volumes VEm are all negative over the whole composition range. The viscosity data have been correlated by the methods of Kendall and Monroe, Grunberg and Nissan, Tamura and Kurata, Hind, Katti and Chaudry, and with McAllister correlations. From the experimental data, deviations in the viscosity (Δη) have been calculated. The results are discussed in terms of the interaction between components.Key words: excess volume, viscosity, binary mixtures.

scholarly journals Excess Thermodynamic Properties and Molecular Interactions in Binary Liquid Mixture of o-xylene and N-nonane

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-698
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Molar Refraction ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Excess Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kister Equation ◽  
Deviation In Viscosity

Experimentally measured data for viscosity and refractive index of (o-Xylene + n-Nonane) binary mixture are reported in this research paper for various compositions for three different temperatures at atmospheric pressure. Modified Ubbelholde viscometer and Abbe-3L Refractometer were used for experimental measurements. Deviation in molar refraction (ΔR) and deviation in viscosity (Δη) w.r.t composition have been calculated from the experimental data. ‘Grunberg and Nissan’ equation and Herric’s Correlation were used to correlate the viscosity data. Excess thermodynamic properties were fitted to Redlich-Kister equation. Coefficients and standard deviations, hence obtained are reported. Variation in Excess Thermodynamic properties for the mixture have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions

scholarly journals Ion-Solvent Interactions Investigated by Isentropic Compressibility Measurements of Lithium and Sodium Salts in Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile and Nitromethane at 298.15 K

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451
Author(s):  
Hardeep Anand ◽  
Narender Singh ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Solvent Molecules

Ultrasonic velocities (u) and densities (ρ) of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4), tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) were measured in the concentration range 0.001-0.25 mol kg-1 in acetonitrile (AN) and nitromethane (NM) binary mixtures consisting of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol%NM in AN at 298.15 K. The isentropic compressibility (Ks) and apparent molal isentropic compressibility (Ks,f) values of the above salts in all solvent mixtures have been evaluated from experimental data. Limiting apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (Ko s,φ) for various salts were evaluated and split into the ionic contributions (Ko s,φ)±. The variation of (Ko s,φ)± with solvent compositions shows that Li+ and Na+ ions have very large negative (Ko s,φ)± values indicating strong solvation of both Li+ and Na+ ions in AN + NM mixtures over whole binary solvent composition range. Stronger solvation was further observed in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures. Li+ ions, however, showed much higher solvation as compared to Na+ ions at all compositions. The ClO4 – ions showed feeble solvation in AN + NM mixtures through some interaction with AN binary mixtures with higher mol% of AN. The positive values of (Ko s,φ)± with large magnitude for Bu4N+ and Ph4B– ions indicate solvophobic type of interaction with the solvent molecules, which is stronger in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures.

The Effect of p-Toluidine on the Two-Step Electroreduction of Zn(II) in Water-Methanol and Water-Dimethylformamide

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Marczewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Forward Rate ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Activated Complex

The acceleration effect of p-toluidine on the electroreduction of Zn(II) on the mercury electrode surface in binary mixtures water-methanol and water-dimethylformamide is discussed. The obtained apparent and true forward rate constants of Zn(II) reduction indicate that the rate constant of the first electron transfer increases in the presence of p-toluidine. The acceleration effect may probably be accounted for by the concept of the formation on the mercury electrode an activated complex, presumably composed of p-toluidine and solvent molecules.

Heats of Solution of Some Sodium and Potassium Salts in Water and in Water-Methanol Mixtures

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2227-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Benko ◽  
Oľga Vollárová
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Enthalpies Of Solution ◽  
Potassium Salts ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Heats Of Solution ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The enthalpies of solution ∆Hs0 were determined for NaSCN, KSCN, NaBrO3, KBrO3, NaClO3, KClO3, NaIO4, KMnO4, KNO2 and NaNO2 in water-methanol mixtures. The transfer functions ∆Ht0 of the salts and anions were calculated based on the extrathermodynamic TPTB assumption. The ∆Ht0 values of the anion obtained from the sodium and potassium salts were compared. The differences observed, particularly at higher concentrations of the cosolvent, are discussed with respect to the interactions between the solvent molecules and the solute-solvent interactions.

Conductance and Viscometric Studies of Some Tetraalkylammonium and Sodium Salts in Acetonitrile-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Mixtures at 35 °C

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2078-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohinder S. Chauhan ◽  
Kishore C. Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Suvarcha Chauhan ◽  
Vijay K. Syal
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Molar Conductivity ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
Equation Resolution ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Ionic Components

Molar conductances and viscosities of Bu4NBPh4, NaBPh4 and R4NBr (R ethyl, propyl and butyl) at 35 °C in acetonitrile (AN), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and their binary mixtures have been reported. The conductivity data has been analysed by the Shedlovsky conductance equation and viscosity data by the Jones-Dole equation. Resolution of limiting molar conductivity (Λ0) and viscosity B coefficient of electrolytes into their ionic components have been achieved by the reference salt method. Viscosity A coefficients have been compared with theoretical Aη coefficients. Derived conductance and viscosity parameters have been discussed in terms of the ion-solvent interaction.

scholarly journals Surface Thermodynamics, Viscosity, Activation Energy of N-Methyldiethanolamine Aqueous Solutions Promoted by Tetramethylammonium Arginate

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Tian ◽  
Lemeng Wang ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Dong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Surface Thermodynamics ◽  
Surface Entropy ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Surface Enthalpy

The surface tension and viscosity values of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solutions promoted by tetramethylammonium arginate ([N1111][Arg]) were measured and modeled. The experimental temperatures were 303.2 to 323.2 K. The mass fractions of MDEA (wMDEA) and [N1111][Arg] (w[N1111][Arg]) were 0.300 to 0.500 and 0.025 to 0.075, respectively. The measured surface tension and viscosity values were satisfactorily fitted to thermodynamic models. With the aid of experimentally viscosity data, the activation energy (Ea) and H2S diffusion coefficient (DH2S) of MDEA-[N1111][Arg] aqueous solution were deduced. The surface entropy and surface enthalpy of the solutions were calculated using the fitted model of the surface tension. The quantitative relationship between the calculated values (surface tension, surface entropy, surface enthalpy, viscosity, activation energy, and H2S diffusion coefficient) and the operation conditions (mass fraction and temperature) was demonstrated.

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