Was ist eine böse Handlung?

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-787
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Moral Personhood ◽  
Evil Action ◽  
Fundamental Needs ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

Abstract What is the nature of evil action? My thesis is that perpetrators and victims of evil inhabit an asymmetrical relation of power; the strength of the more powerful party lies in its ability to exploit the other’s fundamental vulnerability, and the weaker party is vulnerable precisely insofar as it is directly dependent on the more powerful party for the satisfaction of its fundamental needs. The fundamental vulnerabilities that are exploited correspond to features essential to our humanity (ontological), moral personhood (personal), and individuality (characteristic). These kinds of vulnerabilities are both constituted by and engender fundamental needs and give rise to direct dependencies on others to satisfy or to refrain from interfering with the satisfaction of fundamental needs. The unambiguous exploitation by the more powerful agent on whom the vulnerable directly depend is characteristic of evil action. Although I do not claim that the exploitation of ontological, personal, and characteristic vulnerabilities necessarily results in evil, it does typify it.

Moral Personhood: An Essay in the Philosophy of Moral Psychology.G. E. Scott

Ethics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
Owen Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Personhood

scholarly journals Promoting ‘Positive Stories’ of Help and Rescue from the 1992-1995 War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. An Alternative to the Dichotomy of Guilt and Victimhood?

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Moll
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

AbstractPublic discourses about wars and mass violence are often dominated by questions of guilt and victimhood as well as a focus on the figures of ‘perpetrators’ and ‘victims’. This can also be observed concerning the public remembrance of the 1992-1995 conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina. However, attempts were made here to promote the memory of another war-related figure: that of the rescuer who helped people ‘from the other side’. The author analyses these attempts at remembrance in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and places them within the context of global efforts to publicly acknowledge rescuers, in particular the ‘Righteous Among the Nations’.

Five Factor Narcissism and threat to fundamental needs following social exclusion engendered by the Cyberball game

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 110279
Author(s):  
Zahra Mazinani ◽  
Shima Shakiba ◽  
Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽  
Mohsen Vahedi
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Fundamental Needs

#17 The Effectiveness of Intervention Programs for Perpetrators and Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Eckhardt ◽  
Christopher M. Murphy ◽  
Daniel J. Whitaker ◽  
Joel Sprunger ◽  
Rita Dykstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

In defence of newborns: a response to Kingma

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107318
Author(s):  
Nicholas Colgrove
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Moral Personhood ◽  
Previous Argument ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Original Argument ◽  
What Matters

Recently, I argued that subjects inside of artificial wombs—termed ‘gestatelings’ by Romanis—share the same legal and moral status as newborns (neonates). Gestatelings, on my view, are persons in both a legal and moral sense. Kingma challenges these claims. Specifically, Kingma argues that my previous argument is invalid, as it equivocates on the term ‘newborn’. Kingma concludes that questions about the legal and moral status of gestatelings remain ‘unanswered’. I am grateful to Kingma for raising potential concerns with the view I have presented. In this essay, however, I argue that (most) of Kingma’s objections are unpersuasive. First, my original argument does not equivocate on terms like ‘newborn’ or ‘neonate’. The terms denote human beings that have been born recently; that is what matters to the argument. Charges of equivocation, I suspect, rest on a confusion between the denotation and connotations of ‘newborn’ (or ‘neonate’). Next, I show that, contra Kingma, it is clear that—under current law in the USA and UK—gestatelings would count as legal persons. Moral personhood is more difficult. On that subject, Kingma’s criticisms have merit. In response, however, I show that my original claim—that gestatelings should count as moral persons—remains true on several (common) philosophical accounts of personhood. Regarding those accounts that imply gestatelings are not moral persons, I argue that advocates face a troubling dilemma. I conclude that regardless of which view of moral personhood one adopts, questions about the moral status of gestatelings are not ‘unanswered’.

Students who are both victims and perpetrators of physical violence at a private high school in rural Northern Vietnam: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Binh Nguyen ◽  
Kim Anh Le ◽  
Quang Dat Truong
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
Private High School

Backgrounds: Physical violence in schools is a fairly common problem in Vietnam. However, current studies pay little attention to violence in private schools. Objectives: The study aims to estimate the prevalence and related sociodemographic factors of school physical violence among students at Hiep Hoa 5 private high school in Bac Giang province in Northern Vietnam. Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional survey using a random sample technique with a multistage process from April to June 2019. Main findings: 412 students participated in the study, and the results indicated that 55/412 (13.3%) students were both perpetrators and victims of school violence. While 16.7% of students performed physical violence, 27.9% of students suffered physical violence by other students in the past six months. Experiencing physical violence was associated with sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, grade, exposure to physical violence in the media, time playing action games and witnessing violent events in the living place... Conclusions: More than 13% of students are perpetrators and victims of physical violence by their peers at a rural private high school. This prevalence is significantly correlated with individual factors. The results suggest that a greater focus on young people's educational activities should be provided to direct their development, including preventing physical violence. Keywords: Physical violence, high school students, perpetrators and victims.

scholarly journals The Need to Contribute During Adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Fuligni
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Support Resources ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
Fundamental Needs ◽  
Adolescent Period

As an intensely social species, humans demonstrate the propensity to contribute to other individuals and groups by providing support, resources, or helping to achieve a shared goal. Accumulating evidence suggests that contribution benefits the givers as well as the receivers. The need to contribute during adolescence, however, has been underappreciated compared with more individually focused psychological or social developmental needs. The need is particularly significant during the teenage years, when children’s social world expands and they become increasingly capable of making contributions of consequence. Moreover, contribution can both promote and be a key element of traditionally conceived fundamental needs of the adolescent period such as autonomy, identity, and intimacy. The neural and biological foundations of the adolescent need to contribute, as well as the ways in which social environments meet that need, are discussed. A scientific and practical investment in contribution would synergize with other recent efforts to reframe thinking about the adolescent period, providing potential returns to the field as well as to youths and their communities.

scholarly journals Elderly victims of abuse: a five year document analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin ◽  
Renata Colturato Joaquim ◽  
Tânia Adas Saliba Rovida ◽  
Artênio José Isper Garbin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Police Records ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective To verify the occurrence of maltreatment of the elderly and its characteristics (location, type, reason, involvement of alcohol/drugs, profile and family relationship of victims and perpetrators) from the police records of a specialized police station over a five year period. Method A cross-sectional, descriptive and documentary analytical study was performed. The police reports of a medium-sized municipality in the northwest of São Paulo were analyzed from 2008 to 2012. The sociodemographic characteristics of the perpetrators and victims and the data relating to the aggression investigated were: violence; location; reason; the presence of alcohol and drugs during the assault and victim-offender relationship. Data was tabulated using descriptive statistical analysis. Results Of a total of 572 cases, most of the perpetrators were men (69.2%), Caucasian (56.5%), aged 31-40 years (14.20%) with no information regarding occupation provided (50.70%); most of the victims were women (93.0%), Caucasian (71.5%), aged 60-65 years (46.30%), married (34.10%) and unemployed/retired (59.98 %). Emotional abuse was prevalent (57.0%), occurred in the home of the elderly person (81.3%) and the children of the elderly were the main perpetrators (25.3%). The motives were related to arguments in most cases (53.1%). Conclusion Women who were Caucasian, married, aged 60-65, unemployed/retired were the main victims, with the perpetrators most frequently their own children, also Caucasian, single and aged 31-40 years. Psychological violence was the most prevalent, primarily triggered by disagreements among those involved, and it occurred most frequently in the residence of the victim. Most of the attackers were not under the influence of alcohol/drugs.

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