Emerging and Disruptive Technologies

The human being, whose life has been and is conditioned by all the phenomena and characteristics of the natural environment, has searched, since ancient times, after acquiring self-awareness, to improve, for its own benefit, the interactions between it and nature. To this end, the adaptation of human fundamental needs (the need to eat, drink, procreate, meet their physiological needs, sleep, protect themselves from the weather, have a shelter) to the natural environment, recorded, in throughout history, better and better results.

Self-Discrepancy and Regulatory Focus

Self-discrepancy theory and regulatory focus theory are two related motivational theories. Self-discrepancy theory describes the associations between self and affect, positing that the relations among different sets of self-concepts influence a person’s emotional experience. A discrepancy between a person’s ideal self-guide (e.g., hopes and aspirations) and his or her actual self-concept produces dejection-related emotions (e.g., sadness), whereas a discrepancy between a person’s ought self-guide (e.g., duties and obligations) and his or her actual self-concept produces agitation-related emotions (e.g., anxiety). The intensity of these emotional experiences depends upon the magnitude and accessibility of the associated discrepancy. Regulatory focus theory builds on self-discrepancy theory, positing that distinct self-regulatory systems are reflected in the two types of self-guides proposed in self-discrepancy theory. The promotion system is motivated by ideal end-states, by pursuing hopes and aspirations; as a result, it is primarily concerned with the presence or absence of positive outcomes—with gains and non-gains. Given this focus on gains and non-gains, the promotion system is motivated by fundamental needs for nurturance and growth. In contrast, the prevention system is motivated by ought end-states, by fulfilling duties and obligations; as a result, it is primarily concerned with the presence or absence of negative outcomes—with losses and non-losses. Given this focus on losses and non-losses, the prevention system is motivated by fundamental needs for safety and security. The promotion and prevention systems predict a range of important variables relating to cognition, performance, and decision-making.

The contractualization of fiscal and parliamentary sovereignty: Towards a private international finance architecture?

A state should be deemed to be enjoying fiscal sovereignty where it is effectively empowered, without pressure or coercion, to make all policy decisions required to run the state machinery and satisfy the fundamental needs of its people (at the very least), both individual and collective. A state’s effective policy and decision-making power is effectively curtailed where: (1) it has been substituted in these functions by a third state or an organ of that state; (2) it is prevented from taking a particular action, such as unilateral default; (3) it is forced to violate fundamental domestic laws, including its constitution or the result of a referendum; or (4) external pressure is exerted against its government and institutions, with the aim of creating volatility and uncertainty concerning its finances so it succumbs to such pressure.

Perlindungan Konsumen Jual Beli Properti Dalam Perspektif Fiqih Jual Beli

House is fundamental needs of every family, since house has a function as a shelter for all family members. Sometimes house is also a reflection of the owner’s economy, so they compete to show the best house. This is an interesting opportunity for developers. They offer houses to the public, but the houses they offer are usually just a land without buildings. Consumers who want the house must order previously with the developers. The ordering process must include a down payment, as proof that the consumer wish for the house.Buy and sell will become quite an interesting conversation among fiqh experts. It is feared that it will harm consumers so that the fiqh of buying and selling thoroughly reviews the law of buying and selling like this. There is a difference of opinion among the scholars of the mazhab. Opinions from the Hanafi, Hanbali and Maliki mazhab of buying and selling houses between consumers and developers where the house does not exist at the time the contract is allowed. Contemporary scholars allow property transactions even though the goods used as objects of sale and purchase do not yet existProperty transactions in Indonesia do not have the majority of objects, so in this case Islamic law must provide protection. However, legal protection is not binding because it is only regulated in the kompilasi hukum syariah fiqh in the form of khiyar ru'yah. Abstrak: Rumah adalah kebutuhan dasar setiap keluarga, sebab rumah mempunyai fungsi sebagai tempat bernaung semua anggota keluarga. Terkadang rumah juga menjadi cerminan ekonomi penghuninya, sehingga mereka berlomba-lomba menampilkan rumah terbaik. Hal ini menjadi peluang yang cukup menarik oleh para developer. Mereka menawarkan rumah-rumah kepada masyarakat, namun rumah yang mereka tawarkan biasanya hanya berupa lahan kosong tanpa bangunan. Para konsumen yang menghendaki rumah tersebut harus terlebih dahulu memesan kepada para developer. Proses pemesanan harus menyertakan uang muka, sebagai bukti bahwa konsumen benar dipastikan menginginkan rumah tersebut.Jual beli dengan objek akan ada menjadi perbincangan yang cukup menarik dikalangan para ahli fiqih. Sebab dikhawatirkan akan merugikan konsumen sehinga fiqih jual beli mengulas tuntas tentang hukum jual beli seperti ini. Ada perbedaan pendapat dari kalangan ulama mazhab. Mazhab Syafi’i secara keras melarang transaksi demikian, sedangkan Pendapat dari mazhab Hanafi, Hanbali dan Maliki jual beli rumah antara konsumen dengan developer dimana rumah itu belum ada pada saat akad diperbolehkan. Mereka berpendapat hukum jual beli diperbolehkan sebab diketahui jenis dan sifatnya oleh konsumen. Ulama-ulama kontemporer memperbolehkan transaksi properti walaupun barang yang dijadikan sebagai objek jual belinya belum ada.Transaksi properti di indonesia mayoritas objeknya belum ada, maka dalam hal ini hukum Islam harus memberikan perlindungan. Akan tetapi wujud perlindungan hukumnya tidak bersifat mengikat sebab hanya diatur di dalam Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dan ilmu fiqih dalam bentuk khiyar ru’yah

Special Issue “Application of Spectroscopy in Food Analysis”

“Man is what he eats”: food represents one of the fundamental needs for human beings, and, therefore, food analysis is a field of utmost importance [...]

A Study on Affordable Housing Issues Among Middle-Income Groups (M40) in Malaysia

Owning a house is an essential part of a human’s fundamental needs. The establishment of affordable housing that is adequate in number and fulfills liveable home standards is the major challenge in housing issues. Previous studies have found that the current interventions are insufficient in allowing average Malaysians to buy a home. The affordable housing-related issues that arise in Malaysia are not about the number of affordable houses in the market; however, it is about the availability of these houses for the middle-income groups. This study aims to investigate the issues and challenges faced by the middle-income group in dealing with affordable housing issues. This study is based on data from a survey questionnaire adapted from a past research which was similar in terms of affordable housing issues among middle-income earners. The data were analyzed and evaluated to rank the issues and provide recommendations. The findings suggest the establishment of an affordable housing agency to track and process affordable housing applications and approvals. The study results also suggest revising and improving the current affordable housing systems to help the middle-income groups to eventually own their first home. It is anticipated that the study can unravel the problems with affordable housing in this country.

Cyberostracism: Emotional and behavioral consequences in social media interactions

This study focuses on the effect of cyberostracism on social networking sites. Based on the temporal need-threat model of ostracism, we examined a) reflexive reactions, specifically worsened mood and threats to the four fundamental needs (i.e., belongingness, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control), and b) reflective reactions, in the form of prosocial, antisocial, and avoidance behavior. We also focused on the role of social anxiety. Using the experimental tool Ostracism Online, we conducted an online experiment to manipulate ostracism, measure self-reported reflexive reactions, and measure reflective reactions in a newly developed cooperative financial game. The participants were 196 young Czech adults (age 18-30; 62% women). T-tests showed worsened mood and higher threat connected to all four of the fundamental needs in the reflexive stage in ostracized participants. Regression models showed that social anxiety had a small effect on reflexive reactions, but it did not moderate the effect of ostracism. The type of threatened need and social anxiety did not predict a reflective reaction. The only significant predictor of antisocial response was experienced ostracism. Even a mild form of ostracism such as the lack of reactions by strangers to a shared post can lead to negative emotional and behavioral consequences. Este estudio se centra en el efecto del ostracismo cibernético en los sitios de redes sociales. Sobre la base de un modelo de necesidad temporal-amenaza del ostracismo, analizamos el efecto en reacciones reflexivas, específicamente el empeoramiento del ánimo y amenaza a cuatro necesidades fundamentales (sentido de pertenencia, autoestima, existencia con sentido y control), y la reacción reflexiva en forma de comportamiento prosocial, antisocial o evasivo. También nos concentramos en el papel que desempeña la ansiedad social. Mediante el uso de la herramienta experimental Ostracism Online (Ostracismo en línea), realizamos un experimento en línea en el que se manipuló el ostracismo, se midieron las reacciones reflexivas autoinformadas en un juego financiero cooperativo recientemente desarrollado. Los participantes fueron 196 adultos jóvenes checos (de 18 a 30 años; 62% mujeres). T-tests demostraron empeoramiento del ánimo y amenaza más alta en las cuatro necesidades fundamentales en la etapa reflexiva de los participantes ostracidos. Los modelos de regresión mostraron que la ansiedad social tenía poco efecto en las reacciones reflexivas, pero no moderaba el efecto del ostracismo. El tipo de necesidad amenazada y ansiedad social no predijo la reacción reflexiva; el único indicador significativo de la respuesta antisocial fue el ostracismo experimentado. Incluso una forma leve de ostracismo en forma de falta de reacciones por parte de extraños a la publicación compartida puede dar lugar a consecuencias emocionales y conductuales negativas.

Thermal Management Materials for Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Future Buildings

Thermal management plays a key role in improving the energy efficiency and sustainability of future building envelopes. Here, we focus on the materials perspective and discuss the fundamental needs, current...