scholarly journals Analysis of Object Location Accuracy for iBeacon Technology based on the RSSI Path Loss Model and Fingerprint Map

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian E. Grzechca ◽  
Piotr Pelczar ◽  
Lukas Chruszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Location Accuracy ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model

Abstract This paper presents analysis of object location accuracy of a mobile device on the basis of the iBeacon technology. The research starts with radio signal strength indicator analysis along the corridor in order to create a path loss model for iBeacon. Two cases are taken into account: line of sight and non-line of sight for model creation. For both cases two tests: Chi-square, Shapiro-Wilk have been performed. It has also been checked if the HCI (Host Controller Interface) is a source with a memory. Acquired data have been filtered with different type of filters, e.g. median, moving average and then compared. Next, the authors evaluated the indoor positioning trilateration algorithms with the use of created model for exemplary hall. The RSSI map (radiomap) was created and the logarithm propagation model was designed. The logarithmic model estimated distance with average error 1.09m for 1 – 9m and 1.75m for 1-20m and after trilateration, the positions with average error 2.45m was achieved. A statistical analysis for acquiring data led to the final conclusion which enhanced knowledge about positioning based on the popular iBeacon technology.

Single-scatter path loss model of LED-based non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Cao ◽  
Xinyu Gao ◽  
Tianfeng Wu ◽  
Changyong Pan ◽  
Jian Song
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Single Scatter ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

scholarly journals A single-scatter path loss model for non-line-of-sight ultraviolet channels

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 10359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zuo ◽  
Houfei Xiao ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jintong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Single Scatter ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

Path Loss Model Optimization Using Stochastic Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.10) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
A. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
R. Hemalatha ◽  
T. SatyaSavithri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Mobile Radio ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Hybrid Optimization ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Weighted Least Square

In the context of modeling the propagation of mobile radio signals, optimizing the existing path loss model is largely required to precisely represent the actual propagation medium. In this paper, a hybrid tuning approach is proposed by merging the stochastic Weighted Least Square method and Genetic algorithm. The proposed hybrid optimization is employed to optimize the parameters of Cost 231 Hata propagation model and is validated by cellular field strength measurements at 900 MHz in the sub urban region. The hybrid optimization is compared with optimized results of Weighted Least Square method and Genetic algorithm. The least values of Mean Square error (0.2702), RMSE (0.4798) and percentage Relative error (3.96) justify the tuning precision of the hybrid method. The proposed optimization approach could be used by network service providers to improve the quality of service and in mobile radio network planning of 900 MHz band for 4G LTE services.  

scholarly journals Path Loss Model with Antenna Height Dependency under Indoor Stair Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Wen-Jun Lu ◽  
Hong-Bo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Receiving Antenna

A novel, receiving antenna-height-dependent path loss model under indoor stair environment is presented. The effect of a cross-beam in the stairs is also considered. The proposed model can be applied to describe both of the line-of-sight (LOS) and the non-LOS (NLOS) cases. By using least square criterion, the parameters of proposed model are extracted. Finally, using the maximum likelihood estimation, the precision of the proposed model is evaluated by the standard deviation of shadowing.

Non-line-of-sight ultraviolet single-scatter path loss model

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Hou ◽  
Chuanhui Liu ◽  
Faping Lu ◽  
Jiafang Kang ◽  
Zhongyang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Single Scatter ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

scholarly journals Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Qamar ◽  
MHD Nour Hindia ◽  
Kaharudin Dimyati ◽  
Kamarul Ariffin Noordin ◽  
Mohammed Bahjat Majed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model

The advent of fifth-generation (5G) systems and their mechanics have introduced an unconventional frequency spectrum of high bandwidth with most falling under the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum. The benefit of adopting these bands of the frequency spectrum is two-fold. First, most of these bands appear to be unutilized and they are free, thus suggesting the absence of interference from other technologies. Second, the availability of a larger bandwidth offers higher data rates for all users, as there are higher numbers of users who are connected in a small geographical area, which is also stated as the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, high-frequency band poses several challenges in terms of coverage area limitations, signal attenuation, path and penetration losses, as well as scattering. Additionally, mmWave signal bands are susceptible to blockage from buildings and other structures, particularly in higher-density urban areas. Identifying the channel performance at a given frequency is indeed necessary to optimize communication efficiency between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, this paper investigated the potential ability of mmWave path loss models, such as floating intercept (FI) and close-in (CI), based on real measurements gathered from urban microcell outdoor environments at 38 GHz conducted at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur campus. The measurement data were obtained by using a narrow band mmWave channel sounder equipped with a steerable direction horn antenna. It investigated the potential of the network for outdoor scenarios of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with both schemes of co- (vertical-vertical) and cross (vertical-horizontal) polarization. The parameters were selected to reflect the performance and the variances with other schemes, such as average users cell throughput, throughput of users that are at cell-edges, fairness index, and spectral efficiency. The outcomes were examined for various antenna configurations as well as at different channel bandwidths to prove the enhancement of overall network performance. This work showed that the CI path loss model predicted greater network performance for the LOS condition, and also estimated significant outcomes for the NLOS environment. The outputs proved that the FI path loss model, particularly for V-V antenna polarization, gave system simulation results that were unsuitable for the NLOS scenario.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document