scholarly journals Epizootiological Study of the Occurrence of Canine Babesiosisin Southwestern Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
K. Řeháčková ◽  
M. Haláková ◽  
B. Víchová ◽  
A. Kočišová
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Representative Samples

Abstract This epizootiological study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of canine babesiosis in southwestern Slovakia. The study focused on the proportion of the species of ticks serving as babesia vectors of babesiosis in the ticks collected from selected locations close to Komárno, in southwestern Slovakia. Additionally, observations were made on the health and overall clinical signs in dogs suspected of having babesiosis. In 2014 we collected ticks from vegetation by the drag cloth (flagging) method and also directly from dogs. A totally of 622 ticks were collected: 491 Dermacentor reticulatus and 131 Ix-odes ricinus. Representative samples of ticks (n = 103) were examined by the molecular method and the presence of Babesia spp. DNA was identified in 12.5 % of the Ixodes ricinus ticks collected by flagging and in 9.5 % of the Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from the dogs. Babesia canis (KU681325) with 90 bp sequence, 100 % identical with Babesia canis isolates from dogs for example from: Turkey (KF499115), Rumania (HQ662634), Croatia (FJ209025), Poland (EU622792) and Russia (AY962186), was confirmed after sequencing in one Ixodes ricinus female obtained from a dog. This was the first confirmation of the occurrence of B. canis in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Slovakia. In 2.2 % of the Dermacentor reticulatus ticks obtained from vegetation by flagging, we were able to diagnose the DNA of Babesia canis. In 4.8 % of the Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from dogs, the presence of Babesia spp. was confirmed. Thirty three dogs with suspicion of babesiosis were observed in an ambulance by their health and clinical signs. The loss of appetite was observed in 22 patients (66.7 %), apathy in 19 cases (57.6 %), and fever in 19 cases. Closer specification indicating babesiosis was finding engorged ticks on the dog bodies which occurred in 21 cases (63.6 %), haematuria in 8 cases (24.2 %), anaemia in 4 cases (12.1 %), and tremor in 6 cases (18.2 %). Other non-specific signs, such as diarrhoea, vomitus, slowed-down movement, ataxia and lacrimation were also observed in less than 18 % of the examined dogs. On the basis of the specific clinical signs, blood was withdrawn from 33 dogs for preparation of blood smears and in 19 of them (57.6 %) babesia in erythrocytes were confirmed microscopically.

scholarly journals First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Esther Dirks ◽  
Phebe de Heus ◽  
Anja Joachim ◽  
Jessika-M. V. Cavalleri ◽  
Ilse Schwendenwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Iatrogenic Transmission

A 23-year-old pregnant warmblood mare from Güssing, Eastern Austria, presented with apathy, anemia, fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea, and a severely elevated serum amyloid A concentration. The horse had a poor body condition and showed thoracic and pericardial effusions, and later dependent edema and icteric mucous membranes. Blood smear and molecular analyses revealed an infection with Theileria equi. Upon treatment with imidocarb diproprionate, the mare improved clinically, parasites were undetectable in blood smears, and 19 days after hospitalization the horse was discharged from hospital. However, 89 days after first hospitalization, the mare again presented to the hospital with an abortion, and the spleen of the aborted fetus was also PCR-positive for T. equi. On the pasture, where the horse had grazed, different developmental stages of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected and subjected to PCR, and one engorged specimen was positive for T. equi. All three amplicon sequences were identical (T. equi genotype E). It is suspected that T. equi may repeatedly be transmitted in the area where the infected mare had grazed, and it could be shown that transmission to the fetus had occurred. Due to the chronic nature of equine theileriosis and the possible health implications of infection, it is advised to include this disease in the panel of differential diagnoses in horses with relevant clinical signs, including horses without travel disease, and to be aware of iatrogenic transmission from inapparent carrier animals.

A presumptive case of cerebral babesiosis in a dog in Poland caused by a virulent Babesia canis strain

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
M Górna ◽  
P. Klimiuk ◽  
M Kalinowski ◽  
S. Winiarczyk ◽  
L. Adaszek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Tick Activity ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Activity Season

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to present the first case of cerebral canine babesiosis due to infection by Babesia canis in a dog in Poland. A 5-year-old American Staffordshire Terrier was presented with an unusual clinical manifestation of acute babesiosis that included neurological signs and pancytopenia. Despite treatment the dog died. Diagnosis was based on microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears (detection of piroplasms in red blood cells) and post mortem examination of the brain by histopathology and PCR method. The amplified segment of the Babesia 18S RNA gene was sequenced. This enabled to determine that the cause of the disease had been the strain 18S RNA-B EU622793. This is one of two B. canis strains found endemically in Poland, which reveals a greater virulence than the strain 18S RNA-A EU622792. The described case indicates that this form of canine babesiosis should be taken into account in differential diagnosis in dogs exhibiting neurological symptoms, especially in the tick activity season.

scholarly journals Over 20 years of research on canine babesiosis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of WULS-SGGW in Warsaw

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 606-612
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zygner ◽  
Olga Gójska-Zygner ◽  
Paweł Górski ◽  
Justyna Bartosik
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by infection with protozoa of the genus Babesia. During over 20 years of studies on canine babesiosis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, the researchers have identified the species of the parasite and its vector in Poland, determined the cause of azotemia and observed other pathological changes, such as endocrine disorders, changes in the de Ritis quotient, as well as biochemical and hematological changes. It was shown that the tick Dermacentor reticulatus is the only vector of canine babesiosis in Poland and the disease is caused by Babesia canis (formerly known as Babesia canis canis). The first studies of pathological changes confirmed the results of previous research in other countries, in which the most prevalent changes in canine babesiosis were thrombocytopenia, anemia leucopenia, increased activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Research on azotemia in dogs infected with B. canis showed the contribution of TNF-α overproduction to hypotension and its influence on renal ischemia, hypoxia and the development of azotemia. Moreover, in research on endocrine disorders in canine babesiosis, it was shown that IL-6 overproduction leads to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis resulting in euthyroid sick syndrome, and that secondary hyperaldosteronism results from decreased renal blood flow and leads to hypokalemia. The results of the research were published in 27 original papers, 6 case reports and many review articles in veterinary journals. These studies provided veterinary surgeons in Poland with improved procedures for diagnosing canine babesiosis, as well as allowed them to better understand some pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and to develop more efficacious therapies..

Molecular detection of Babesia canis in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darja Duh ◽  
Mirko Slovák ◽  
Ana Saksida ◽  
Katja Strašek ◽  
Miroslav Petrovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Babesia Canis Canis

AbstractDermacentor reticulatus ticks are recognized as the most important vectors of Babesia canis, the aetiological agent of canine babesiosis occurring throughout Europe. Vector competence of D. reticulatus for B. canis is well described and experimentally determined; however, by using molecular analysis it was proven so by one recent study in Russia. Herein, the additional molecular evidence of B. canis infection in D. reticulatus ticks collected in Slovakia is provided. Using PCR followed by sequencing of distinctive amplicons we determined the presence of Babesia canis canis in one of 100 tested adult ticks. Two zoonotic pathogens, Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetii, were previously isolated from D. reticulatus ticks in Slovakia. In our samples, we detected only the presence of F. tularensis.

Questing Dermacentor reticulatus harbouring Babesia canis DNA associated with outbreaks of canine babesiosis in the Swiss Midlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schaarschmidt ◽  
Urs Gilli ◽  
Bruno Gottstein ◽  
Nelson Marreros ◽  
Peter Kuhnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Canine Babesiosis

scholarly journals Clinical, Hematologic, and Molecular Findings in Naturally OccurringBabesia canis vogeliin Egyptian Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Y. Salem ◽  
H. S. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Pale Mucous Membrane ◽  
Seminested Pcr

Background. Canine babesiosis is a clinically important hemoprotozoan parasite affecting dogs. The goal of this present study was to determine the clinical symptoms and to establish its hematological and microscopic detection and compare it with the PCR findings attained from dogs infected withBabesia canis vogeli.Methodology/Principal Findings. 13-PCR confirmed Babesia-infected dogs were examined; seminested PCR was used to discover the precise type ofBabesiaandBabesia canis vogeliwas the only subspecies detected. The most consistent clinical signs were elevated rectal temperature and a pale mucous membrane. Thrombocytopenia, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis, along with a significant reduction in red cell parameters, were the most commonly recorded hematologic alterations. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of typical large merozoites and trophozoites ofB. canisin the ratio 76.92%.Conclusions/Significance. The presumptive diagnosis of canine babesiosis should be based on a fever and anemia, while thrombocytopenia is considered the hallmark of the disease; microscopic examination may not be very revealing in the detection at low parasitemia, but it remains the most rapid confirmatory method. Seminested PCR turned out to be a sensitive and accurate method for diagnosis; during the process of differentiation betweenBabesiasubspecies, onlyB. canis subsp. vogeliwas detected.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Babesia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hard ticks collected from meadows of Lubelskie Voivodship (eastern Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Dzięgiel ◽  
Tomasz Kubrak ◽  
Łukasz Adaszek ◽  
Piotr Dębiak ◽  
Dagmara Wyłupek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Adult Females

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Babesia canis in adult females and males of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, inhabiting meadows near large forest complexes throughout the Lubelskie Voivodship (eastern region of Poland). Ticks were collected using the flagging method. Among 720 ticks collected, 506 were identified as D. reticulatus, and 214 as I. ricinus. DNA of B. canis and B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 21.3% and 0.6% of D. reticulatus ticks, respectively. In I. ricinus ticks, DNA specific to B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum was detected in 5.6% and 10.3%, respectively. Co-infections of B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum were found in two I. ricinus ticks. These results indicate that the Lublin region is an area at risk of tick-borne diseases of humans and animals, which must be considered in clinical practice.

The Distribution and economic Importance of Ixodes ricinus (L.) in Wales and the Welsh Border Counties with special Reference to N.W. Cardiganshire

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Owen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Ixodes ricinus is the common tick infesting farmstock in Wales. Dermacentor reticulatus is recorded on cattle and sheep on two farms in N. Cardiganshire.I. ricinus is widely distributed in the four major grassland zones of N.W. Cardiganshire. The most extensive areas of tick infestation are found on the marginal and hill farms. In lowland areas, except on extensive stretches of marshland, infested pastures are confined to isolated tracts of badly managed or poorly drained land. Infested grazings are invariably “rough” and contain one of the following plants as dominant: Festuca spp., Agrostis spp., Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteris aquilina or Juncus spp. The degree of infestation of cattle depends on the relative area of the available grazing land colonised by the tick. Continuous stocking of infested pastures results in heavy infestations and vice versa.Bovine piroplasmosis is the major tick-borne disease in N.W. Cardiganshire and predominates in the lowland districts. Outbreaks of the disease on marginal and hill farms are generally infrequent. Reasons are suggested for this phenomenon. Tick pyaemia is confined to lambs on hill grazings. The incidence of this disease is low.The distribution of the tick in Wales and the border counties of Hereford and Salop shows a general relationship to areas of rough grazing. The tick is widespread in the western counties and is almost absent in the border counties. Radnorshire and Breconshire are interesting in that they have few infested farms in relation to the extensive nature of the “rough” grazing. A survey has also been conducted of the incidence of bovine piroplasmosis in Wales.

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