scholarly journals Studies on the preparation and properties of biodegradable polyester from soybean oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xuebin ◽  
Wang Jincheng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Dimer Acid ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Crude dimer acid (DA) was prepared with soybean oil (SO) used as raw material and organic montmorillonite as a catalyst. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to characterize the structure of DA. It was demonstrated that the synthesis of crude DA using SO was feasible. A molecular weight of 995–1304 g/mol was obtained by GPC measurement. Then, a type of polyester was synthesized using the crude DA and polyethylene glycol. The effects of reaction temperatures and different catalysts on the conversion rate were explored. The results showed that the esterification conversion rate was improved to 83.13% when SnCl2 was used as the catalyst, with a reaction temperature of 180°C The FTIR, 1H-NMR, GPC and TGA were used to characterize the structure and performance of this polyester. The polyester had a molecular weight ranging from 8259 to 10892 g/mol. In addition, its biodegradable behavior was analyzed by the soil burial test and was compared with that of terephthalic acid. The results showed that the composites prepared from DA had a pronounced effect on weight loss during biodegradation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of different soybean oil-based polyols with fatty alcohol and aromatic alcohol

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
Fukai Yang ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Yuyuan Deng ◽  
Xinyu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Intermolecular Force ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Epoxy Groups

Abstract In this article, five kinds of soybean oil-based polyols (polyol-E, polyol-P, polyol-I, polyol-B, and polyol-M) were prepared by ring-opening the epoxy groups in epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with ethyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, isoamyl alcohol, p-tert-butylphenol, and 4-methoxyphenol in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid as the catalyst. The SOPs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, viscosity, and hydroxyl numbers. Compared with ESO, the retention time of SOPs is shortened, indicating that the molecular weight of SOPs is increased. The structure of different monomers can significantly affect the hydroxyl numbers of SOPs. Due to the large steric hindrance of isoamyl alcohol, p-hydroxyanisole, and p-tert-butylphenol, SOPs prepared by these three monomers often undergo further dehydration to ether reactions, which consumes the hydroxyl of polyols, thus forming dimers and multimers; therefore, the hydroxyl numbers are much lower than polyol-E and polyol-P. The viscosity of polyol-E and polyol-P is much lower than that of polyol-I, polyol-B, and polyol-M. A longer distance between the molecules and the smaller intermolecular force makes the SOPs dehydrate to ether again. This generates dimer or polymers and makes the viscosity of these SOPs larger, and the molecular weight greatly increases.

scholarly journals Formation of conjugated double bonds in soybean oil with iodine as a catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yan ◽  
Jinlan Yang ◽  
Rifu Yang ◽  
Haifen He ◽  
Qihai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
High Conversion Rate

A method for the iodine-catalyzed conjugation of soybean oil was developed, and the conjugated product was analyzed by UV, IR, and 1H NMR. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for conjugation included a temperature of 180?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.% and a reaction time of 3 h, at which the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid was 1.51 mol L-1, with 92 % conversion, the CLNA reached 0.225 mol L-1 when the temperature was 130?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.%, and a reaction time of 3 h with a conversion rate of 99.9 %. The reaction predominantly produced trans-trans, trans-cis and cis-trans isomers. It was also revealed that the conjugation of linolenic acid was much faster than that of linoleic acid. The method possessed the advantages of a short procedure, a high conversion rate, and no methyl esterification of the raw material, and it was an environmentally friendly technology that does not use solvents.

Bioconjugation of papain with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone): NMR characterization and study of its enzymatic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
L.E. Verduzco ◽  
Ana L. García-Pérez ◽  
Ramiro Guerrero-Santos ◽  
Antonio Ledezma-Pérez ◽  
Jorge Romero-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Nmr Characterization ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
C Nmr

A poly(vinylpyrrolidone) end-functionalized with a carboxylic acid group (PVP–CO2H) was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX) polymerization mediated by 4-(O-ethylxanthyl)methyl benzoic acid. The molecular weight of the as-synthesized PVP–CO2H was estimated through UV–vis spectroscopy (Mn(UV–vis) = 7322 g/mol), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Mn(GPC) = 8670 g/mol), and 1H NMR, (Mn(NMR) = 8207 g/mol). The values obtained were close with the theoretical molecular weight (Mn(th) = 7925 g/mol). Subsequently, the preformed PVP–CO2H was activated to produce N-succinimidyl poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP–NHS). This precursor was covalently coupled to papain to produce bioconjugate PVP–papain. The functional group modifications in the PVP chain-end were observed by the variations in the chemical shift values by 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR analysis at each step of the synthesis. The molecular weight of the PVP–papain was obtained by SEC–HPLC and suggests that, on average, four or five chains of PVP–CO2H were attached to one papain molecule. Compared with papain, the PVP–papain exhibited significantly improved catalytic activity, pH, and thermal stability. Additionally, the storage studies showed that the catalytic activity of PVP–papain was about 79% versus the native enzyme (29%), and this activity was maintained even when it was stored for 25 days.

A New Green Process for Synthesising High Quality PLLA Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1377-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li Shao ◽  
Xian Jue Zhou ◽  
Xue Chao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

Synthesis of Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactides in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with co-solvent were studied. Effects of kinds of co-solvent on the molecular weight (MW) and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the resultant polymers were investigated by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The resultant polymers were also characterized with1H NMR,13C NMR and FT-IR. It was found that PLLA with high purity and almost without racemization could be obtained by this technology and the acetone is the best co-solvent for this kind of polymerization. By using stannous octoate as initiator and acetone as co-solvent, PLLA having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) near to 9×104and polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.7 was successfully synthesized.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Copolymerization of N-(phenylamino)maleimide with MMA

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
B. L. Hiran ◽  
S. N. Paliwal ◽  
Jyoti Choudhary ◽  
P. R. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The free radical copolymerization of N-(phenylamino)maleimide (N-PAMI) was carried. The copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) was performed at 65°C with AIBN as the initiator in THF solvent. Resulting copolymer was characterized by density measurement, intrinsic viscosity, solubility, FT-IR &1H NMR spectroscopy. Effect of the solvent and time on copolymer yield was also investigated. The molecular weight of copolymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal stability of copolymer was determined by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Cross Linked Biopolyesters from Olive Oil as Eco-friendly Biodegradable Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
J. Shakina ◽  
K. Sathiya Lekshmi ◽  
G. Allen Gnana Raj
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Cross

Novel cross linked biopolyesters were synthesised from naturally available olive oil, oligomeric polytriglyceride fumarate (o-PTF) was prepared by glycerolysis of the olive oil followed by condensation with maleic anhydride. The (o-PTF) was characterised by spectral (FTIR, UV, NMR) and physicochemical properties (specific gravity, viscosity, saponification value, iodine value). The molecular weight ofo-PTF was estimated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The cross linked biopolyesters were prepared by treatingo-PTF of olive withN-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate. The cross linked biopolyesters were evaluated for spectral properties (FT IR), cross linked density, thermal properties, mechanical properties and biodegradation. The potential antifungal and anti bacterial activities of the newly prepared biopolyesters were evaluated. The environment degradation was assessed by soil burial test. The outcome of the studies has revealed that the newly prepared cross linked biopolyesters are potential biodegradable material for various consumer application like package materials and agricultural applications.

scholarly journals A feasible synthetic strategy for three-armed star poly(ester amine) via Michael addition polymerization

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Cai-Yuan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Michael Addition ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Addition Polymerization ◽  
Feed Molar Ratio

AbstractThree-armed star-shaped poly(ester amine) was synthesized by Michael addition polymerizations of equal molar ratio of ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) and piperazine (PZ) in the presence of a small amount of multifunctional monomer, 1,3,5-triacryloylhexa-hydro-1,3,5-triazine (TT) in CHCl3. When the polymerization proceeded almost completely, the molecular weight of the polymers formed were determined by the feed molar ratio of difunctional monomer to multifunctional monomer, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) approached the theoretical value (Mw/Mn =1+1/f). The mechanism of the polymerization was investigated by 1H NMR and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The monomer concentration and the molar ratio of difunctional monomers/multifunctional monomer played an important role in the polymerization.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Polymers Obtained from Nontraditional Polybius henslowii Sources

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Avelelas ◽  
André Horta ◽  
Luís F.V. Pinto ◽  
Sónia Cotrim Marques ◽  
Paulo Marques Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives

Chitin was extracted from Polybius henslowii, a swimming crab, captured in large quantities throughout the Portuguese coast by purse seine vessels as bycatch. After standard chitin extraction procedures, water-soluble chitosan products were obtained via two different methods: (1) N-acetylation with the addition of acetic anhydride and (2) a reaction with hydrogen peroxide. The chemical structure and molecular weight of chitosan derivatives, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Antioxidant and metal chelation activities were evaluated, and the growth inhibition capacity was tested on four phytopatogens. The chitooligosaccharides from pereopods (pCOS) and shell body parts (sCOS) inhibited all fungal species tested, particularly Cryphonectria parasitica with 84.7% and 85.5%, respectively. Both radical scavenging and antifungal activities proved to be dose-dependent. Chitooligosaccharides with a low molecular weight (2.7, 7.4, and 10.4 Kg·mol−1) showed the highest activity among all properties tested. These results suggested that chitosan derivatives from P. henslowii raw material could potentially be used against phytopathogens or as ingredient in cosmetics and other products related to oxidative stress.

Spectroscopic and Molecular Weight Studies of Polytoluidines

1989 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wei ◽  
K. F. Hsueh ◽  
S. Nagy ◽  
A. Ray ◽  
A. G. MacDiarmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Elution Pattern ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACTPoly(o-toluidine) and poly(m-toluidine) in base form have been characterized by infrared and lH NMR spectroscopy. Assignments of the proton NMR signals have been facilitated by the use of model compounds. The distinction between benzenoid and quinoid methyl resonances in the NMR permits a semi-quantitative estimation of the oxidation states of the polytoluidines. Infrared studies are consistent with a polyaniline-type backbone having pendant methyl groups. Field desorption mass spectrometry (FD-MS) was employed for estimation of the molecular weight of poly(o-toluidine). Gel-permeation chromatography of the same sample showed a bimodal elution pattern, suggesting that the FD-MS technique detects only the lower molecular weight fraction of the polymer. Despite this inherent limitation, FD-MS yields the interesting information that the polymer contains chains of both odd and even numbers of repeat units, necessitating the coexistence of different oxidation states in the base form of the polymer.

scholarly journals Preparation of novel amphoteric polyacrylamide and its synergistic retention with cationic polymers

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiji Yang ◽  
Jinghuan Chen ◽  
Qingjin Fu ◽  
Xuji Dun ◽  
Chunli Yao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA novel amphoteric polyacrylamide (PDAA) was prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. The influence of its cationic degree and molecular weight on retention property was discussed. Then, the chemical structure and micromorphology of the obtained PDAA were characterized by Fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR), NMR hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the synergistic retention effects of polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC), cationic starch (CS), cationic guar gum (CHPG), cationic chitosan (CTS), and polyamine (PA) on the novel PDAA were investigated. The results showed that the optimum cationic degree and molecular weight of PDAA were 25% and 4 million, respectively. The chemical structure of PDAA was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and GPC. SEM showed that the particle size of PDAA was between 150 and 600 nm, and the particles were very stable because no broken particles were found. In addition, most of the five cationic polymers have good synergistic retention effect on PDAA, and the order of synergistic effect was PDAA/PDADMAC > PDAA/CTS > PDAA/CS > PDAA/CHPG > PDAA/PA.

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