scholarly journals Genetic survey of alveolar and cystic echinococcoses in Romania: first molecular evidence of Echinococcus multilocularis in humans in the country

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šnábel ◽  
C. Calma ◽  
S. O. Georgescu ◽  
S. Cavallero ◽  
S. D’Amelio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
European Variant ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Western Romania

Summary Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are considered as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in Romania, where they are subject to mandatory reporting. To obtain more knowledge about the genetic diversity of Echinococcus causative agents of these diseases, 11 isolates from humans and ungulate intermediate hosts from the two regions of Romania were genotyped using mitochondrial markers. In clinical samples of five patients from north-eastern Romania (Iasi, Botosani, Vaslui counties), Echinococcus multilocularis was identified as causal agent by cox1 sequence analysis. To the best of our knowledge this finding presents the first molecular evidence of E. multilocularis in humans from Romania. Only two cases of AE in patients were previously documented in the country by serological methods. In our four patients the most widespread European variant E5 of E. multilocularis was recorded, whereas in isolate from Vaslui county three nucleotide substitutions were detected as compared to the most related E5 haplotype. One of these mutations (411T/G) matched N1 and N2 haplotypes described previously from North America. In six CE samples retrieved from western Romania (Caras-Severin and Timis counties), two human isolates were diagnosed as Echinococcus canadensis G7, one as E. granulosus s.s. G1 and one as E. granulosus s.s. G3 using atp6 and rrnS sequencing. In ungulates, the cattle isolate was allocated to E. granulosus s.s. G1 and pig isolate to E. canadensis G7. The two G7 findings in humans reinforced the recent view that G7 was underestimated as compared to the E. granulosus s.s. regarding human CE threat that can be further employed for identifying sources of infections and establishing suitable preventive measures.

Dermatological and Molecular Evidence of Human Cercarial Dermatitis in North-Eastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Joanna Korycińska ◽  
Joanna Rybak-d'Obyrn ◽  
Dariusz Kubiak ◽  
Katarzyna Kubiak ◽  
Ewa Dzika
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Cercarial Dermatitis ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii in roadkill wild animals in Yucatan, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Torres-Castro ◽  
Rodrigo Adán Medina-Pinto ◽  
Henry René Noh-Pech ◽  
Fernando I. Puerto ◽  
Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Muscle Sample ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Lung Sample

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, recognized as the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic endemic disease in several countries, including Mexico. In the Yucatan State of Mexico, Toxoplasma infection has a high impact in both human and domestic animal health. Wild animals can also host zoonotic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in roadkill wild animals in Yucatan was detected using a nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was identified in several organs retrieved from a Yucatan squirrel (Sciurus yucatanensis), a coatimundi (Nasua narica), and a greater grison (Galictis vittata). The amplified fragments of Toxoplasma gondii DNA were purified, sequenced, and certified by BLAST analysis. Our results confirm that Toxoplasma gondii can infect wild mammals from Yucatan, which could act as intermediate hosts and contribute to the transmission of the disease to humans and domestic animals, as well as other wild animal species. We present the first molecular evidence of Toxoplasma gondii in a squirrel and a coatimundi from Yucatan, and quite possibly in a greater grison at a global level.Figure 1. Agarose gel presenting PCR amplicons (560 bp) positive to Toxoplasma gondii. 1) C+: positive control; A: Yucatan squirrel liver sample; B: great grison femoral muscle sample; C: coatimundi kidney sample; C-: negative control. 2) A: Yucatan squirrel brain sample; B: great grison lung sample; C-: negative control.

Detection of a Complex That Associates With the Bβ Fibrinogen G−455-A Polymorphism

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 3286-3293
Author(s):  
Erika T. Brown ◽  
Gerald M. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Base Sequences ◽  
American Society ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays

The promoter region of the Bβ fibrinogen gene containing the polymorphic site (G−455-A) shows an increase in fibrinogen levels for individuals containing an adenine rather than a guanine. Two methods were used to explore the possible functional role of this region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed using specific DNA probes containing base sequences pertinent to the allelic site. Specific DNA binding proteins were detected and their binding characteristics were determined. Secondly, we placed DNA fragments containing different −455 nucleotide substitutions of the Bβ promoter upstream of a luciferase reporter gene and transfected them into HepG2 cells to determine their effect on transactivation. An adenine at position −455 resulted in greater luciferase activity than when a guanine was present. UV cross-linking bound protein to the DNA demonstrated a 47-kD protein binding preferentially to the site when a guanine rather than an adenine was present at −455. We hypothesize that a transactivation protein complex associates with the site, but its association is stronger when guanine is present, thereby slowing downstream Bβ gene transcription. These data provide the first molecular evidence that accounts for the increase in fibrinogen in individuals carrying this allele.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

scholarly journals New molluscicides in control of freshwater snails – intermediate hosts for causative agents of fascioliasis, paramphistomatosis and orientobilharziasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Yuldashev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Causative Agents

The article presents the results of studying the new and affordable means for freshwater snail control. It was found that mineral fertilizers – ammonium sulfate at a concentration of 0.05–0.2%, and potassium chloride at a concentration of 0.2–0.3% cause the death of snails of the genera Lymnae and Planorbis in 24–72 hours after application. Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1:40000 and potassium permanganate at a concentration of 1:400000 also kill snails within 24–48 hours. Commonly available products also have pronounced molluscicidal action: table salt (NaCl) and baking soda (NaHCO3) at concentrations of 0.3–0.5%. Changing the pH in the habitat of snails, i.e. waters in snail biotopes, towards acidity (3.8–6.2) and alkalinity (8.0–8.4) also result in the death of snails, and the optimal environment is with pH = 7.8. These means are safe for animals and the environment, as evidenced by the results of experiments carried out on sheep, which were administered with molluscicide solutions forcibly using a probe in an amount of 1.5 liters and by free drinking for 3 days.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence Suggests That Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is Widely Associated With South American Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Nava Piorsky Dominici Cruz ◽  
Luis Fernando Carvalho-Costa ◽  
José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Wolbachia Pipientis ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Causative Agents

Abstract Wolbachia pipientis (Hertig) is an endosymbiotic microorganism widespread among arthropods and other invertebrate hosts, and employed in strategies to reduce the incidence of arthropod-borne diseases. Here, we used a PCR-based approach for 16S RNA and wsp genes to investigate the prevalence, geographical distribution, and strains of Wolbachia in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), the main vectors of the causative agents of leishmaniasis, from three biomes in Brazil: Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga. We found that: 1) Wolbachia DNA is present in most (66.7%) of the sampled sand fly species, including vectors of Leishmania spp. (Ross, Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), 2) the prevalence of Wolbachia DNA varies among species and populations, 3) some strains of Wolbachia may have wider geographical and host range in South America, and 4) two phylogenetic distinct wsp sequences might represent two novel strains for Wolbachia in South America sand flies. Those findings increase the basic knowledge about Wolbachia in South American sand flies and might foster further researches on its use to reduce the transmission of sand fly-borne parasites.

scholarly journals IDENTIFYING OF HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS AND ITS PHENOTYPE AS A CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Mohammed Hussein Al-shebani ◽  
Adnan Hamad Aubaid
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ◽  
Ncbi Blast ◽  
Tree Method

Objectives: The present investigational study was aimed to detect and identify the genotypes of Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and its phylogeny with respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) that cause pulmonary inflammation.Material and Methods: A total of 250 samples of patients who were clinically diagnosed respiratory tract illness were collected from Maternity and Children Hospital in Al Diwaniyah city, Iraq. The clinical samples were nasopharyngeal, nasal and throat swabs. The current study screened the presence of hMPV and RSV (A and B) genotypes from nasopharyngeal specimens of children aged from several days to 10 years old.Results: The results revealed that 6% were infected with hMPV, 8% of respiratory syncytial viruses type A (RSV-A) and 14% of respiratory syncytial virus’s type B (RSV-B) from children who are suffering from respiratory illness. Phylogenetic tree analysis of hMPV based on the partial sequences of the fusion protein (F) gene was used for genotyping and detection. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using maximum likelihood tree method in MEGA 6.0 version. The local hMPV isolates (S1) were closely related to NCBI-Blast hMPV genotype A1 (KM408076.1), the local hMPV isolates (S2, S3, and S5) were closely related to NCBI-Blast hMPV genotype B1 (KJ196323.1), and the local hMPV isolates (S4) were closely related to NCBI-Blast hMPV genotype B2 (JQ041689.1).Conclusions: The prevalence rate of hMPV is less than RSV, and both subtypes of hMPV, A and B may exist and circulate in one season, and the predominant sublineage of hMPV shifts in progressive season. 

scholarly journals Wild carnivores as source of zoonotic helminths in north-eastern Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cerbo ◽  
M. Manfredi ◽  
M. Bregoli ◽  
N. Milone ◽  
M. Cova
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis

AbstractTwo hundreds and sixty red foxes, eighteen badgers and eight stone martens from north-eastern Italy were examined for zoonotic parasites by SCT, with particular attention to Trichinella sp. and Echinococcus multilocularis. No adult worms of E. multilocularis were observed in the intestine of red foxes or mustelids. Out of 223 fox faecal samples analysed by a commercial CA-ELISA, 5.8 % was positive to Echinococcus coproantigens. Trichinella sp. was detected by digestion of muscle in 1.2 % of examined foxes (2/172), but not in mustelids (0/11). Toxocara canis, responsible for human toxocarosis, resulted to be common in fox population (48.5 %). This parasite was found both in young (53.3 % of cubs and 61.9 % of sub-adults) and in adult animals (42.7 %). Other zoonotic parasites as Uncinaria stenocephala (52.3 %) and Trichuris vulpis (0.4 %) were detected in fox populations.

Molecular evidence for the involvement ofAnophelesnivipes(Diptera: Culicidae) in the transmission ofPlasmodiumfalciparumin north–eastern India

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Bhattacharyya ◽  
A. Prakash ◽  
N. P. Sarma ◽  
P. K. Mohapatra ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern India

The taruca ( Hippocamelus antisensis ) and the red brocket deer ( Mazama americana ) as intermediate hosts of Taenia hydatigena in Peru, morphological and molecular evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Gomez-Puerta ◽  
Joel Pacheco ◽  
Omar Gonzales-Viera ◽  
Maria T. Lopez-Urbina ◽  
Armando E. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Brocket Deer ◽  
Mazama Americana

scholarly journals Observations on parasite–host relationships of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863, in North Dakota

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Rausch ◽  
S. H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Host Relationships

Red foxes, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus), and small mammals were collected and examined during 1965–69, to investigate parasite–host relationships of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863, in North Dakota. Comparative studies of this cestode were carried on concurrently through experimental infection of carnivores and rodents. In winter, red foxes in North Dakota exhibited high rates of infection of comparatively low intensity. Deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner), and voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord), were important intermediate hosts, but the larvae in deer mice produced fewer protoscolices. The strains of E. multilocularis from North Dakota and from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, differ biologically, as indicated by findings in experimentally infected rodents, but they could not be distinguished morphologically at the infraspecific level. Helminths recorded from red foxes in North Dakota are listed, and some ecological data are presented and discussed.

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