3D magnetic resonance microscopy of a wounded beech branch

Abstract The pruned part of a beech (Fagus sylvatica) branch was imaged by a 3D spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to visualize change in structure and water content in the tissues. Proton density-weighted MR images of intact tissues confirmed high moisture content (MC) associated with high MRI signal in the pith, xylem rays and earlywood vessels, as well as in the cambial zone with current annual xylem and phloem increment. MRI images derived from the 3D datasets showed a previously unreported moisture-related structural response of the beech branch to wounding. An extensive wound tissue with a high MRI signal at the wound edge was a conspicuous new structure clearly visualized by 3D MRI. MRI revealed that the xylem at the wound was dehydrated in a cone-shaped pattern extending approximately 4.5 mm deep into the branch. Dehydration was delimited from the underlying sound wood by a layer, corresponding to the reaction zone, of tissue with a high MRI signal and hence high moisture content. Moisture content of these reaction zones in beech determined by MRI were greater than in healthy wood by factors of 1.3–1.8. Accordingly, in the margins of wounded beech wood not only cell wall alterations can be observed, but also an intensive water accumulation, which is probably an integral part of the protective mechanism for the underlying sound wood.

Download Full-text

Improved visualisation of cervix applicators for magnetic resonance-only-guided brachytherapy planning

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396913000514 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 159-165

Author(s):

Gary P. Liney ◽

Jenny E. Marsden ◽

Carl J. Horsfield ◽

Tom Murray ◽

David J. Manton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Spin Echo ◽

Proton Density ◽

Tissue Equivalent ◽

Spin Echo Sequence ◽

Otsu’S Method ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Dual Echo

AbstractObjectivesCurrent guidelines for image-guided cervical cancer brachytherapy planning recommend both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for adequate visualisation of the applicator and soft tissues, respectively. MRI-only planning would be ideal as it would save time within the patient pathway and avoid the concomitant CT exposures. However, applicator visualisation on MRI is usually achieved using fluid-filled fiducial marker tubes, which can be awkward to use and suffer from unwanted air bubble artefacts. Therefore, a new fiducial-free imaging technique was developed.MethodsA dual echo time (TE) turbo spin echo sequence was used, at 1·5 T, to provide both T2-weighted images (100 ms TE) for tissue visualisation and strongly proton density-weighted images (17 ms TE) for improved applicator visualisation. In-house software was used to automatically segment the applicator in the short TE images (using Otsu's method) and transfer the information to the long TE images to provide a single fused dataset.ResultsThe method was evaluated successfully using titanium applicators in three patient cases and using a plastic applicator in a tissue-equivalent gel phantom.ConclusionsThe dual-echo technique provides a simple and efficient method for improving the visualisation of brachytherapy applicators in cervical cancer MRI images without the need for marker tubes.

Download Full-text

Tailored interactive sequences for continuous MR-image-guided freehand biopsies of different organs in an open system at 1.0 tesla (T) – Initial experience

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik ◽

10.1515/bmt-2015-0163 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 557-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Florian Streitparth ◽

Christian Althoff ◽

Martin Jonczyk ◽

Felix Guettler ◽

Martin Maurer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Image Quality ◽

Spin Echo ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Dynamic Imaging ◽

Proton Density ◽

Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Vertebral Disc ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractObjectives:To assess the feasibility, image quality, and accuracy of freehand biopsies of liver, bone, muscle, vertebral disc, soft tissue, and other lesions using balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP, balanced fast field echo: bFFE), spoiled and nonspoiled gradient echo (FFE), and turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences for interactive continuous navigation in an open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system at 1.0 tesla (T).Methods:Twenty-six MR-guided biopsies (five liver, five bone, four muscle, four vertebral disc, one lung, one kidney, one suprarenal gland, and five soft or other tissue) were performed in 23 patients in a 1.0-T open magnetic resonance (MR) scanner (Panorama HFO, Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands). A total of 42 samples were obtained. Depending on lesion size and location, 14–18-gauge MR-compatible biopsy sets with a length of 100 or 200 mm (Somatex Medical, Teltow, Germany), 14–18-gauge MR-compatible semiautomatic biopsy guns with a length of 100 or 150 mm (Invivo, Schwerin, Germany), or 11-gauge MR-compatible bone marrow biopsy needles with a length of 100 mm (Somatex Medical, Teltow, Germany) were employed.Results:All lesions were visible with continuous interactive imaging. Our initial results indicate that bFFE is particularly suitable for fast-moving organs (pulmonary, paracardial); moving organs are targeted better with T1-weighted (T1W) TSE, T1W FFE (liver) or T2-weighted (T2W) TSE (complicated cysts, adrenal glands), and static organs are successfully approached with proton density (PD) (spine) or T1W TSE (peripheral bones, musculoskeletal system). No adverse events related to the use of MRI were obtained. No complications occurred according to the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) clinical practice guidelines.Conclusion:Applying tailored interactive dynamic imaging sequences for continuous navigation to liver, bone, muscle, vertebral disc, soft tissue, and other lesions can improve the feasibility, image quality, and interventional accuracy of freehand MR-guided biopsies and may hence reduce the risk of complications.

Download Full-text

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02811-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zakriya Ali Al Mohamad ◽

Usama Hagag ◽

Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek ◽

Ayman El Nahas

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Spin Echo ◽

Proton Density ◽

Dromedary Camel ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Lateral Collateral Ligaments ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and informative imaging modality for the diagnosis of locomotor injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus is lacking. Our purpose was to describe and compare the MRI images of twelve cadaveric tarsi, examined in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, with their corresponding anatomical gross sections. Turbo spin-echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), proton density-weighted (PD), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained in 3 planes. Tarsi were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes. MRI images from different sequences and planes were described and compared with the anatomical sections. Results The soft and osseous tissues of the dromedary camel tarsus could be clearly defined on MRI images and corresponded extensively with the gross anatomic sections. The obtained MRI images enabled comprehensive assessment of the anatomic relationships among the osseous and soft tissues of the camel tarsus. Several structure were evaluated that cannot be imaged using radiography or ultrasonography, including the transverse inter-tarsal ligaments, the talocalcaneal ligament, the short dorsal ligament, branches of the short medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the tarsometatarsal ligaments. Specific anatomical features regarding the dromedary camel tarsus were identified, including the fused second and third tarsal bone, an additional bundle of the short medial collateral ligament connecting the talus and metatarsus and the medial and lateral limbs of the long plantar ligament. Conclusions MRI images provided a thorough evaluation of the normal dromedary camel tarsus. Information provided in the current study is expected to serve as a basis for interpretation in clinical situations.

Download Full-text

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35513/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Usama Hagag ◽

Zakriya Ali Almohamad ◽

Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek ◽

Ayman El Nahas

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Spin Echo ◽

Proton Density ◽

Dromedary Camel ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Lateral Collateral Ligaments ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and informative imaging modality for the diagnosis of locomotor injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus is lacking. Our purpose was to describe and compare the MRI images of twelve cadaveric tarsi, examined in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, with their corresponding anatomical gross sections. Turbo spin-echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), proton density-weighted (PD), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained in 3 planes. Tarsi were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes. MRI images from different sequences and planes were described and compared with the anatomical sections.Results: The soft and osseous tissues of the dromedary camel tarsus could be clearly defined on MRI images and corresponded extensively with the gross anatomic sections. The obtained MRI images enabled comprehensive assessment of the anatomic relationships among the osseous and soft tissues of the camel tarsus. Several structure were evaluated that cannot be imaged using radiography or ultrasonography, including the transverse inter-tarsal ligaments, the talocalcaneal ligament, the short dorsal ligament, branches of the short medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the tarsometatarsal ligaments. Specific anatomical features regarding the dromedary camel tarsus were identified, including the fused second and third tarsal bone, an additional bundle of the short medial collateral ligament connecting the talus and metatarsus and the medial and lateral limbs of the long plantar ligament. Conclusions: MRI images provided a thorough evaluation of the normal dromedary camel tarsus. Information provided in the current study is expected to serve as a basis for interpretation in clinical situations.

Download Full-text

Drying kinetics of processed natural coffee with high moisture content

Coffee Science ◽

10.25186/cs.v12i3.1320 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 400 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Valdiney Cambuy Siqueira ◽

Flávio Meira Borém ◽

Guilherme Euripedes Alves ◽

Eder Pedroza Isquierdo ◽

Afonso Celso Ferreira Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

High Moisture Content ◽

High Moisture ◽

Kinetics Of

Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, propor um novo método de processamento e secagem, assim como avaliar o comportamento dos grãos submetidos a este processo, por meio da taxa de redução de água e do ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais da secagem. Os frutos colhidos no estágio maduro foram divididos em três lotes. O primeiro foi seco continuamente à temperatura de 40±1 °C. O segundo consiste na secagem do café natural até os teores de água de 0,56±0,02, 0,41±0,02, 0,28±0,02 e 0,20±0,02 decimal (base seca, b.s.), seguido de beneficiamento e secagem contínua nas temperaturas de 35±1 ºC e 40±1 ºC. O terceiro lote correspondeu à secagem contínua do café descascado e desmucilado na temperatura de 40±1 °C. Em todos os lotes, a secagem foi encerrada quando os grãos atingiram o teor de água de 0,12±0,05 (b.s.). Aos dados experimentais da secagem foram ajustados dez modelos matemáticos utilizados para representação da secagem dos produtos agrícolas. Além da representação da cinética de secagem foi avaliada a taxa de redução de água dos grãos. Conclui-se que a taxa de redução de água é maior para a temperatura de secagem de 40±1 °C, especialmente para maiores teores de água. O tempo total de secagem do café beneficiado com alto teor de água é expressivamente reduzido, quando comparado ao tempo de secagem completa do café natural. O modelo de Midilli descreve satisfatoriamente a cinética de secagem do café beneficiado.

Download Full-text