scholarly journals Metal-Chloride-Activated Empty Fruit-Bunch Carbons for Rhodamine B Removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Mohd Shafiq Mohd Shaid
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Metal Chloride ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the adsorptive ability of activated carbons derived from empty boil palm fruitbunch carbons through metal-chloride activation. The derived activated carbons were characterized in terms of yield, pH, surface functional groups, and specific surface area. Rhodamine B dye was used as a pollutant probe to evaluate the performance of activated carbons. Results show that empty, ZnCl2-activated fruit-bunch carbon exhibits a higher surface area of 866 m2 g-1 and a Rhodamine B removal yield of 105 mg g-1. Activation at the same temperature of 600 °C using the recovered FeCl2 yields an activated carbon with nearly twice the surface area compared to the fresh one. A direct correlation was obtained between the roles of the specific surface area and removal of Rhodamine B. Empty fruit-bunch carbon is a promising adsorbent precursor for colour removal from water.

Study of the Porous Structure and High Adsorption Capacity of Biomass-Based Activated Carbon Prepared from Aspen Wood by Ferric Nitrate III Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Chunjiang Jin ◽  
Huimin Chen ◽  
Luyuan Wang ◽  
Xingxing Cheng ◽  
Donghai An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Wood Sawdust

In this study, aspen wood sawdust was used as the raw material, and Fe(NO3)3 and CO2 were used as activators. Activated carbon powder (ACP) was produced by the one-step physicochemical activation method in an open vacuum tube furnace. The effects of different mass ratios of Fe(NO3)3 and aspen wood sawdust on the pore structure of ACP were examined under single-variable experimental conditions. The mass ratio was 0–0.4. The detailed characteristics of ACP were examined by nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of ACP was established by simulating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using ethyl acetate. The results showed that ACP has a good nanostructure with a large pore volume, specific surface area, and surface functional groups. The pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.3 were 0.26 cm3/g and 455.36 m2/g, respectively. The activator played an important role in the formation of the pore structure and morphology of ACP. When the mass ratio was 0–0.3, the porosity increased linearly, but when it was higher than 0.3, the porosity decreased. For example, the pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.4 reached 0.24 cm3/g and 430.87 m2/g, respectively. ACP presented good VOC adsorption performance. The Fe-AC-0.3 sample, which contained the most micropore structures, presented the best adsorption capacity for ethyl acetate at 712.58 mg/g. Under the action of the specific reaction products nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen, the surface of modified ACP samples showed different rich C/O/N surface functional groups, including C-H, C=C, C=O, C-O-C, and C-N.

scholarly journals Effects of microwave modification on the desulfurization and denitrification of activated coke

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 729-746
Author(s):  
Junhong Zhang ◽  
Zhi-jun He ◽  
Qing Guo ◽  
De-chao Xiao ◽  
Wen-long Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Characteristic Peak ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Activated Coke ◽  
Oh Content

Microwave modification of activated coke is reported as a green and simple route to improve its synergistic desulfurization and denitrification. The results showed that microwave irradiation improved the specific surface area and pore volume, decreased the pore size, and activated the surface functional groups of the activated coke. Under the conditions of a microwave power of 500 W and a modification time of 30 min, the specific surface area was increased from 185.9 m2/g to 351.7 m2/g, the pore volume increased from 0.042 m3/g to 0.111 m3/g, and the characteristic peak strengths of C=C and -OH drastically increased. When the reaction temperature was 140 °C and the O2 concentration was 10% (by volume), the desulfurization and denitrification efficiency were maintained at levels greater than 90% and 80% for 30 min and 15 min, respectively. The C-O content increased, and the C=C and -OH content decreased after undergoing desulfurization and denitrification. The desulfurization and denitrification products were primarily sulfate and nitrate. This provides theoretical support for the application of microwave modified active coke in low temperature desulfurization and denitrification.

scholarly journals Activated Carbons from Thermoplastic Precursors and Their Energy Storage Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Min Lee ◽  
Kwan-Woo Kim ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Kay-Hyeok An ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mesopore Volume

In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-derived activated carbons (PE-AC) were prepared as electrode materials for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) by techniques of cross-linking, carbonization, and subsequent activation under various conditions. The surface morphologies and structural characteristics of the PE-AC were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope, Cs-corrected field-emission transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm-desorption characteristics were confirmed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, nonlocal density functional theory, and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda equations at 77 K. The results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of the activated samples increased with increasing the activation time. The specific surface area, the total pore volume, and mesopore volume of the PE-AC were found to be increased finally to 1600 m2/g, 0.86 cm3/g, and 0.3 cm3/g, respectively. The PE-AC also exhibited a high mesopore volume ratio of 35%. This mesopore-rich characteristic of the activated carbon from the LDPE is considered to be originated from the cross-linking density and crystallinity of precursor polymer. The high specific surface area and mesopore volume of the PE-AC led to their excellent performance as EDLC electrodes, including a specific capacitance of 112 F/g.

scholarly journals Bio-polishing sludge adsorbents for dye removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Norulaina Alias ◽  
Mohd. Azizi Che Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The objective of this work is to evaluate the removal of methylene blue dye by bio-polishing sludge-based adsorbents. The adsorbents were characterized according to the specific surface area, pH upon the treatment and surface functional groups. The adsorption of dye was carried out at room temperature, and the adsorption data were analyzed using the isotherm and kinetics models. The bio-polishing sludge is rich in ash content, and the presence of surface functional groups varied with the treatment strategies. The specific surface area of adsorbents is between 7.25 and 20.8 m2/g. Results show that the maximum removal of methylene blue by sludge adsorbents was observed to have the following order: untreated sludge (SR) > zinc chloride-treated (SZ) > microwave-dried (SW) = potassium carbonate-treated (SK) > acid-washed (SH). The maximum adsorption capacities for SR and SZ as predicted by the Langmuir model are 170 and 135 mg/g, respectively. Although SR demonstrates a higher maximum removal than SZ, the latter exhibits greater removal intensity and rate constant even at high dye concentration. The bio-polishing sludge is a promising adsorbent for dye wastewater treatment.

Preparation of Activated Carbons from Lignite for Electrochemical Capacitors by Microwave and Electrical Furnace Heating

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2472-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Lin Xing ◽  
Chuan Xiang Zhang ◽  
Lun Jian Chen ◽  
Guang Xu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Electrochemical Performances

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from lignite by microwave (MW) and electrical furnace (EF) heating with KOH as activation agent. In order to compare pore structures and electrochemical performances of ACs prepared by both heating methods, the ACs were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77K, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical performances of Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) with ACs as electrodes in 3mol/L KOH electrolyte were evaluated by constant current charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the pore structures of ACs prepared by MW and EF heating significantly enhance when the weight ratio of KOH to coal increases from 2 to 4. The BET specific surface area, total pore volume, the ratio of mesopore and average pore diameter of ACs prepared by MW heating (denoted as AC-MW4) reaches 2094m2/g, 1.193cm3/g, 53.6%, 2.28nm when the weight ratio of KOH to coal is 4, and ACs prepared by EF heating (denoted as AC-EF4) reaches 2580m2/g, 1.683cm3/g, 67.3%, 2.61nm. The ECs with AC-MW4 and AC-EF4 as electrodes present a high specific capacitance of 348F/g and 377F/g at a current density of 50mA/g, and still remain 325F/g and 350F/g after 500 cycles, respectively. Although the specific surface area, total pore volume and specific capacitance of ACs prepared by MW heating are slightly lower than EF heating, taking into account the heating time in the activation process, ACs prepared by EF heating needs approximate 140min, while MW heating only needs 10min, which have demonstrated that microwave heating technology is a promising and efficient technique to prepare ACs.

Methane Storage on Surface Modified Activated Carbons

2008 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Seok Min Yun ◽  
Ju Wan Kim ◽  
Hang Kyo Jin ◽  
Young Ho Kim ◽  
Young Seak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Methane Absorption ◽  
Absorption Isotherm ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons ◽  
Surface Nature

In this study, methane gas absorption ability of activated carbon (AC) with surface functional group effect, was evaluated after nitric acid and urea treatment of AC surface. Specific surface area and pore distribution of AC were studied through nitrogen absorption isotherm at 77 K. Micro pore volume was calculated through H-K method. Absorbed methane amount was evaluated through volumetric method at room temperature by using auto absorption apparatus. Absorbed methane amount of AC was found to increase with specific surface area increase. Correlation proposed between the methane absorption amount and surface nature indicates that the surface nature plays an important role on the absorption amount at a given temperature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document