scholarly journals Make Me Laugh: Creativity in the British television comedy industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Mills
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Humor Studies ◽  
Funded Research Project

AbstractThe three-year (2012–2015) AHRC-funded research project Make Me Laugh: Creativity in the British Television Comedy Industry worked with writers, producers, directors and other industry personnel to map the productions they work on and follow their labor as they move from one job to another and strive to maintain a career. This article draws on interview material from this project to investigate the ways in which comedy workers negotiate the maintenance of their creativity within economic, cultural and industrial contexts such as policy, funding, and the whims of broadcasters and production companies. It argues that while such contexts are evident for all cultural production, there are specifics of the comedy sector because of humor’s relationships with the social role of broadcasting. It therefore highlights the specificity of comic creative labor, contributing to ongoing Humor Studies debates focused on the particularities of comedy as a category.

Working against racism: how European trade unions can combat racism at work

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Funded Research Project

This article brings together recommendations arising from a three-year EU-funded research project entitled ‘Racial and ethnic minorities, immigration and the role of trade unions in combating discrimination and xenophobia, in encouraging participation and in securing social inclusion and citizenship (RITU)’. The guidelines resulting from the project and entitled Working Against Racism were finalised at a concluding conference in Paris in October 2006 and have been amended in the light of the discussions that took place there. The guidelines were also discussed by the ETUC Migration and Inclusion Working Group which suggested amendments.

scholarly journals jALT2012 Plenary Speaker article: The role of metaphor and metonymy in EFL proficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Littlemore
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
Funded Research Project ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

I report the findings from a Cambridge ESOL-funded research project (Cambridge ESOL Funded Research Programme Project number 17092010), which investigated how an ability to use metaphor and metonymy contributes to successful performance in the written component of Cambridge ESOL examinations. Learners are significantly more likely to do unusual things with metaphor at the First Certificate level. They do this in response to the very particular requirements of the examination. For these reasons, I argue that, at FCE level, it is important to adapt a tolerant attitude towards uses of language that some may refer to as ‘creative’ but which others might simply describe as ‘wrong’. I also outline the different things that learners need to do with metaphor and metonymy at each level, illustrating my points with short examples taken from essays written by students who have been successful in their examinations. メタファー（隠喩）とメトニミー（換喩）を使いこなす能力と、Cambridge ESOLのライティング試験における成績との関連性について、Cambridge ESOLが資金提供する調査プロジェクト結果を報告する。First Certificate（FCE）レベルでは、学習者がメタファーを使って独特の表現をする傾向がはっきりと見られるが、この傾向があるのは、かなり特定の試験課題に対してである。したがって、FCEレベルでは、「独創的」あるいは単なる「間違い」と意見が分かれ得る言語使用に対して、寛容な態度を持つことが重要であることを論じる。また、学習者それぞれのレベルに応じたメタファーやメトニミーの様々な扱い方について概説し、試験で好成績を収めている学生の書いたエッセイから短い例を引用して、重要と思われる点を述べる。

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

Ivory in the Chalcolithic enclosure of Perdigões (South Portugal): the social role of an exotic raw material

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Carlos Valera ◽  
Thomas Xaver Schuhmacher ◽  
Arun Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
South Portugal

Causes of disease and causes of death

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CODELL CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Parallel Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Apparent Reason ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
Fixed System

In early-nineteenth-century medical literature, one finds an elegant symmetry between causes of disease and causes of death: both were sufficient causes of particular events. However, as I will argue, by the end of the century physicians no longer sought sufficient causes of individual disease episodes – instead almost all of medical research was organized around the quest for necessary causes that were shared by all the episodes of each particular disease. Such causes carried great practical and theoretical advantages: they enabled physicians to control and to explain disease phenomena.One might wonder why there has been no parallel change in our thinking about causes of death; to this very day, causes of death are sufficient causes of particular events. In principle there is no apparent reason why we could not identify necessary causes for classes of deaths – indeed, we sometimes do so. But, in the case of death, such causes hold little interest. Because of how they are used, sufficient causes for individual deaths are more interesting and more important to us than are necessary causes of deaths. Thus, the change in thinking about causes of disease – the change that destroyed the symmetry between causes of disease and causes of death – may not reflect simply progress within a fixed system of medical goals and values, but a profound change in the social role of physicians.

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