Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Lu ◽  
Donglai Xie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Cold Model ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical Phenomena

AbstractMembrane reactors are attracting increasing attention for ultrapure hydrogen production from fossil fuel, integrating catalytic reaction and separation processes into one single unit thus can realize the removal of hydrogen or introduction of reactant in situ, which removes the thermodynamic bottleneck and improves hydrogen yield and selectivity. In this review, the state-of-the-art concepts for hydrogen production through membrane reactors are introduced, mainly including fixed bed membrane reactors, fluidized bed membrane reactors, and micro-channel membrane reactors, referring higher hydrocarbons as feedstock, such as ethanol, propane, or heptane; novel heating methods, like solar energy realized through molten salt; new modular designs, including panel and tubular configurations; ultra-compact micro-channel designs; carbon dioxide capture with chemical looping; multifuel processors for liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons; etc. Recent developments and commercialization hurdles for each type of membrane reactor are summarized. Modeling the reactor is fundamental to explore complex hydrodynamics in reactor systems, meaningful to investigate the effects of some important operating factors on reactor performances. Researches for reactor modeling are also discussed. Reaction kinetics for hydrocarbons reforming and reactor hydrodynamics are summarized respectively. Cold model is introduced to investigate physical phenomena in reactors.

scholarly journals Simulasi produksi hidrogen melalui CO2 methane reforming pada reaktor membran

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Azis Trianto ◽  
Ira Santrina J C ◽  
Susilo Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Promising Alternative

Hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel to establish environmentally friendly energy generation system. One of the methods for producing hydrogen is C02 methane reforming (CMR) process. Despite producing H2, this process also consumes CO2 enabling it to be used as a scheme for mitigating CO2. Conventionally, the hydrogen production via CMR is conducted in a fixed bed reactor. However low conversion is usually found in this kind of reactor. To increase conversion, a membrane reactor can be used. Two types of membrane may be employed to conduct this reaction, i.e. prorous  vycor and nanosil membrane  reactor.  This study  evaluated the  performances  of CMR con 1ucted in membrane ractors andfixed-bed reactor. The results show that the conversion obtained in nanosil membrane reactor is higher than those obtained in porous vycor membrane reactor and fixed-bed reactor. With the change in reactant flowrate, it is obtained that the conversions in membrane reactors are more stable than those infixed bed reactors.Keywords: Hydrogen Production, Membrane Reactor, Methane Reforming AbstrakHidrogen merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang sangat menjanjikan untuk sistem pembangkitan energi yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Salah satu rute produksi hidrogen adalah melalui reformasi metana dengan karbondioksida (C02 Methane Reforming/CMR). Saat ini telah dikembangkan proses CMR menggunakan membran yang mampu meningkatkan laju produksi H2• Pada makalah ini dikaji dua tipe reaktor membran untuk maksud peningkatan produksi hidrogen tersebut, yakni reaktor membran dengan basis membran porous vycor dan nanosil. Sebagai pembanding, dilakukanjuga evaluasi unjuk kerja reaksi CMRpada reaktorfzxe-bed. Hasil kajian ini menurljukkan bahwa reaktor nanosil danporous vycor mampu memberikan konversiyang lebih besar dibanding reaktor fixed-bed. Lebihjauh, reaktor membran dengan nanosil membran mampu memberikan laju produksi hidrogen yang lebih tinggi dibanding reaktor membran dengan membran porous vycor. Lebih jauh, pada perubahan laju molar reaktan, reaktor membran menurijukkan stabilitas yang lebih baik dibanding reaktor fixed-bed.Kata Kunci: Produksi Hidrogen, Reaktor Membran, Reformasi Metana

Simulation of Fluidized Bed Oxygen Permeable Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1467-1471
Author(s):  
Jian Wen Ye ◽  
Dong Lai Xie ◽  
Zhenhua Yang ◽  
Zhiyu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Methane Conversion ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Permeable Membrane

Hydrogen is an important chemical commodity. Fluidized bed oxygen permeable membrane reactor is a novel technology for hydrogen production from natural gas reforming. An Aspen model is built for this novel reactor. Influences of reaction pressure, oxygen to carbon ratio, and steam to carbon ratio on the hydrogen concentration in syn-gas, hydrogen yield, and reaction temperature and methane conversion are studied. The results are compared with the ordinary fluidized bed reactor. It shows that the fluidized bed oxygen permeable membrane reactor has a higher methane conversion and a hydrogen yield and a higher hydrogen concentration in the syngas, due to its in-situ oxygen separation from air.

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
Li Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao Jian Ma ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ya Nan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Ethanol Steam

Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst in the temperatures range of 250-550°C was studied on a fixed bed reactor. The effects of reaction temperature and water/ethanol molar ratio on hydrogen production were investigated. The structure and surface characteristics of the catalyst were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DSC). The results show that the Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst has good catalytic performance with higher hydrogen yield of 4.87molH2/molEtOH reacted. A comparison of hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst with over a commercial catalyst was made in this paper.

Recent advances in membrane reactors for hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol as a renewable resource

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Taghizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Aghili
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metal ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDuring the last decade, hydrogen has attracted lots of interest due to its potential as an energy carrier. Ethanol is one of the renewable resources that can be considered as a sustainable candidate for hydrogen generation. In this regard, producing hydrogen from ethanol steam reforming (ESR) would be an environmentally friendly process. Commonly, ESR is performed in packed bed reactors; however, this process needs several stages for hydrogen separation with desired purity. Recently, the concept of a membrane reactor, an attractive device integrating catalytic reactions and separation processes in a single unit, has allowed obtaining a smaller reactor volume, higher conversion degrees, and higher hydrogen yield in comparison to conventional reactors. This paper deals with recent advances in ESR in terms of catalyst utilization and the fundamental of membranes. The main part of this paper discusses the performance of different membrane reactor configurations, mainly packed bed membrane reactors, fluidized bed membrane reactors, and micro-membrane reactors. In addition, a short overview is given about the impact of ESR via different catalysts such as noble metal, non-noble metal, and bi-metallic catalysts.

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of glycerol over Ni/Ce/Cu hydroxyapatite-supported catalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Zahira Yaakob ◽  
Manal Ismail ◽  
Wan Daud ◽  
Ratna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Glycerol Conversion

AbstractHydroxyapatite-supported Ni-Ce-Cu catalysts were synthesised and tested to study their potential for use in the steam reforming of glycerol to produce hydrogen. The catalysts were prepared by the deposition-precipitation method with variable nickel, cerium, and copper loadings. The performance of the catalysts was evaluated in terms of hydrogen yield at 600°C in a tubular fixed-bed microreactor. All catalysts were characterised by the BET surface area, XRD, TPR, TEM, and FE-SEM techniques. The reaction time was 240 min in a fixed-bed reactor at 600°C and atmospheric pressure with a water-to-glycerol feed molar ratio of 8: 1. It was found that the Ni-Ce-Cu (3 mass %-7.5 mass %-7.5 mass %) hydroxyapatite-supported catalyst afforded the highest hydrogen yield (57.5 %), with a glycerol conversion rate of 97.3 %. The results indicate that Ni/Ce/Cu/hydroxyapatite has great potential as a catalyst for hydrogen production by steam reforming of glycerol.

Fixed bed membrane reactors for ultrapure hydrogen production: modeling approach

2017 ◽  
pp. 231-257
Author(s):  
Marjan Alavi Alavi ◽  
Adolfo Iulianelli Iulianelli ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour Rahimpour ◽  
Reza Eslamloueyan Eslamloueyan ◽  
Marcello De Falco De Falco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Production Modeling

scholarly journals Solar Energy Assisted Membrane Reactor for Hydrogen Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Morico ◽  
Annarita Salladini ◽  
Emma Palo ◽  
Gaetano Iaquaniello
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Structured Catalysts ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
H2 Yield

Pd-based membrane reactors are strongly recognized as an effective way to boost H2 yield and natural gas (NG) conversion at low temperatures, compared to conventional steam reforming plants for hydrogen production, thereby representing a potential solution to reduce the energy penalty of such a process, while keeping the lower CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the exploitation of solar energy coupled with a membrane steam reformer can further reduce the environmental impact of these systems. On this basis, the paper deals with the design activities and experimentation carried out at a pilot level in an integrated prototype where structured catalysts and Pd-based membranes are arranged together and thermally supported by solar-heated molten salts for steam reforming reaction

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Compact Membrane Reactors with Hydrogen Separation

Membranes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wunsch ◽  
Paul Kant ◽  
Marijan Mohr ◽  
Katja Haas-Santo ◽  
Peter Pfeifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrogen Separation ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Chemical Heat ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Storage

Hydrogen production and storage in small and medium scale, and chemical heat storage from renewable energy, are of great interest nowadays. Micro-membrane reactors for reforming of methane, as well as for the dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), have been developed. The systems consist of stacked plates with integrated palladium (Pd) membranes. As an alternative to rolled and electroless plated (Pd) membranes, the development of a cost-effective method for the fabrication of Pd membranes by suspension plasma spraying is presented.

Biohydrogen production from tequila vinasses using a fixed bed reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1919-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Buitrón ◽  
Dorian Prato-Garcia ◽  
Axue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Fermentative Process ◽  
Tequila Vinasses

In Mexico, the industrial production of tequila leads to the discharge of more than 31.2 million of m3 of vinasse, which causes serious environmental issues because of its acidity, high organic load and the presence of recalcitrant compounds. The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of a fixed bed reactor for the production of biohydrogen by using tequila vinasse as substrate. The experiments were carried out in a continuous mode under mesophilic and acidic conditions. The maximum hydrogen yield and hydrogen production rate were 1.3 mol H2 mol/mol glucose and 72 ± 9 mL H2/(Lreactor h), respectively. Biogas consisted of carbon dioxide (36%) and hydrogen (64%); moreover methane was not observed. The electron-equivalent mass balance fitted satisfactorily (sink of electrons from 0.8 to 7.6%). For vinasses, hydrogen production accounted for 10.9% of the total available electron-equivalents. In the liquid phase, the principal metabolites identified were acetic, butyric and iso-butyric acids, which indicated a butyrate–acetate type fermentation. Tequila vinasses did not result in potential inhibition of the fermentative process. Considering the process as a water treatment system, only 20% of the original carbon was removed (as carbon dioxide and biomass) when the tequila vinasses are used.

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