Investigation of Key Factors and Their Interactions in MTO Reaction by Statistical Design of Experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1057
Author(s):  
Shima Masoumi ◽  
Kobra Rahimi ◽  
Jafar Towfighi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Mto Reaction ◽  
Methanol To Olefin ◽  
Propylene Yield ◽  
Exact Effect

Abstract The effects of templating agent [i. e., tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), triethylamine (TEA) and morpholine (MOR)] and molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/Al2O3 over SAPO-34 catalysts in methanol to olefin (MTO) reaction were studied systematically. The exact effect of main factors and their interaction were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) applying central composite design (CCD). Two empirical models for two systems, based on these preparation variables for the yield of ethylene and propylene were constructed in two CCD studies and ultimately these models showed as counter and three-dimensional (3D) diagrams. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) applied for investigating the significance of the variables indicated that TEA and SiO2/Al2O3 content were the most significant variables in the case (1) and case (2), respectively. The maximum predicted ethylene and propylene yield was 58.57 wt. % and 30.22 wt. %, for catalyst with TEA = 0.2, TEAOH = 0.38 in case (1). For case (2), catalyst with SiO2/Al2O3 = 0.17, H2O/Al2O3 = 101.18 showed the maximum ethylene and propylene yield of 49.87 wt. % and 20.58 wt. %, respectively.

Tri-templates synthesis of SAPO-34 and its performance in MTO reaction by statistical design of experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Masoumi ◽  
Jafar Towfighi ◽  
Ali Mohamadalizadeh ◽  
Zahra Kooshki ◽  
Kobra Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Mto Reaction

A Parametric Study of Acetabular Cup Design Variables Using Finite Element Analysis and Statistical Design of Experiments

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Mantell ◽  
H. Chanda ◽  
J. E. Bechtold ◽  
R. F. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wear Process

To isolate the primary variables influencing acetabular cup and interface stresses, we performed an evaluation of cup loading and cup support variables, using a Statistical Design of Experiments (SDOE) approach. We developed three-dimensional finite element (FEM) models of the pelvis and adjacent bone. Cup support variables included fixation mechanism (cemented or noncemented), amount of bone support, and presence of metal backing. Cup loading variables included head size and cup thickness, cup/head friction, and conformity between the cup and head. Interaction between and among variables was determined using SDOE techniques. Of the variables tested, conformity, head size, and backing emerged as significant influences on stresses. Since initially nonconforming surfaces would be expected to wear into conforming surfaces, conformity is not expected to be a clinically significant variable. This indicates that head size should be tightly toleranced during manufacturing, and that small changes in head size can have a disproportionate influence on the stress environment. In addition, attention should be paid to the use of nonmetal backed cups, in limiting cup/bone interface stresses. No combination of secondary variables could compensate for, or override the effect of, the primary variables. Based on the results using the SDOE approach, adaptive FEM models simulating the wear process may be able to limit their parameters to head size and cup backing.

STATISTICAL DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS FOR THE Cr(VI) ADSORPTION ON WEED Salvinia cucullata

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Sundar Baral ◽  
Ganesan Surendran ◽  
Namrata Das ◽  
Polisetty Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments

scholarly journals Synthesis of an Addition-Crosslinkable, Silicon-Modified Polyolefin via Reactive Extrusion Monitored by In-Line Raman Spectroscopy

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Steffen Ulitzsch ◽  
Tim Bäuerle ◽  
Mona Stefanakis ◽  
Marc Brecht ◽  
Thomas Chassé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Process Analytical Technology ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Grafting Efficiency ◽  
Grafting Reaction ◽  
Central Composite Experimental Design ◽  
Process Factors

We present the modification of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) with vinyltetra-methydisiloxane (VTMDS) via reactive extrusion to create a new silicone-based material with the potential for high-performance applications in the automotive, industrial and biomedical sectors. The radical-initiated modification is achieved with a peroxide catalyst starting the grafting reaction. The preparation process of the VTMDS-grafted EPM was systematically investigated using process analytical technology (in-line Raman spectroscopy) and the statistical design of experiments (DoE). By applying an orthogonal factorial array based on a face-centered central composite experimental design, the identification, quantification and mathematical modeling of the effects of the process factors on the grafting result were undertaken. Based on response surface models, process windows were defined that yield high grafting degrees and good grafting efficiency in terms of grafting agent utilization. To control the grafting process in terms of grafting degree and grafting efficiency, the chemical changes taking place during the modification procedure in the extruder were observed in real-time using a spectroscopic in-line Raman probe which was directly inserted into the extruder. Successful grafting of the EPM was validated in the final product by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Grafting of (3-Chloropropyl)-Trimethoxy Silane on Halloysite Nanotubes Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5534
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. Abu El-Soad ◽  
Giuseppe Lazzara ◽  
Alexander V. Pestov ◽  
Daria P. Tambasova ◽  
Denis O. Antonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Trimethoxy Silane

Modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs-Cl) were synthesized by a coupling reaction with (3-chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane (CPTMS). The incorporation of chloro-silane onto HNTs surface creates HNTs-Cl, which has great chemical activity and is considered a good candidate as an active site that reacts with other active molecules in order to create new materials with great applications in chemical engineering and nanotechnology. The value of this work lies in the fact that improving the degree of grafting of chloro-silane onto the HNT’s surface has been accomplished by incorporation of HNTs with CPTMS under different experimental conditions. Many parameters, such as the dispersing media, the molar ratio of HNTs/CPTMS/H2O, refluxing time, and the type of catalyst were studied. The greatest degree of grafting was accomplished by using toluene as a medium for the grafting process, with a molar ratio of HNTs/CPTMS/H2O of 1:1:3, and a refluxing time of 4 h. The addition of 7.169 mmol of triethylamine (Et3N) and 25.97 mmol of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) led to an increase in the degree of grafting of CPTMS onto the HNT’s surface.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cutting-Tool Coating on the Surface Roughness and Hole Dimensional Tolerances during Drilling of Al6061-T651 Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Hamza A. Al-Tameemi ◽  
Thamir Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Michael Oluwatobiloba Awe ◽  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
Danil Yurievich Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Hole Quality ◽  
Coated Tools ◽  
Tool Coating

Aluminum alloys are soft and have low melting temperatures; therefore, machining them often results in cut material fusing to the cutting tool due to heat and friction, and thus lowering the hole quality. A good practice is to use coated cutting tools to overcome such issues and maintain good hole quality. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) and three types of cutting-tool coating (TiN/TiAlN, TiAlN, and TiN) on the surface finish, form, and dimensional tolerances of holes drilled in Al6061-T651 alloy. The study employed statistical design of experiments and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to evaluate the contribution of each of the input parameters on the measured hole-quality outputs (surface-roughness metrics Ra and Rz, hole size, circularity, perpendicularity, and cylindricity). The highest surface roughness occurred when using TiN-coated tools. All holes in this study were oversized regardless of the tool coating or cutting parameters used. TiN tools, which have a lower coating hardness, gave lower hole circularity at the entry and higher cylindricity, while TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN seemed to be more effective in reducing hole particularity when drilling at higher spindle speeds. Finally, optical microscopes revealed that a built-up edge and adhesions were most likely to form on TiN-coated tools due to TiN’s chemical affinity and low oxidation temperature compared to the TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN coatings.

Study of surface modification of recycled ultrafiltration membranes using statistical design of experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 100978
Author(s):  
L. Rodríguez-Sáez ◽  
J. Landaburu-Aguirre ◽  
S. Molina ◽  
M.C. García-Payo ◽  
E. García-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membranes
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