Exercise increases the level of plasma orexin A in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Messina ◽  
Giovanni Di Bernardo ◽  
Andrea Viggiano ◽  
Vincenzo De Luca ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractBackground:The purpose of this research was to study the effects of exercise on the concentration of plasma orexin A, a peptide regulating several physiological functions.Methods:Blood samples were collected from participants (men, n=10; age: 24.4±2.93 years) 15, 0 min before the start of exercise, and 30, 45, 60 min after a cycle ergometer exercise at 75 W for 15 min. Also heart rate (HR), galvanic skin response (GSR), and rectal temperature were monitored.Results:The exercise induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in plasmatic orexin A with a peak at 30 min after the exercise bout, in association with an increase of the other three monitored variables: HR (p<0.01), GSR (p<0.05), and rectal temperature (p<0.01).Conclusions:Our findings indicate that plasmatic orexin A is involved in the reaction to physical activity.

Effects of postexercise carbohydrate-protein feedings on muscle glycogen restoration

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1976-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Carrithers ◽  
David L. Williamson ◽  
Philip M. Gallagher ◽  
Michael P. Godard ◽  
Kimberley E. Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of postexercise eucaloric carbohydrate-protein feedings on muscle glycogen restoration after an exhaustive cycle ergometer exercise bout. Seven male collegiate cyclists [age = 25.6 ± 1.3 yr, height = 180.9 ± 3.2 cm, wt = 75.4 ± 4.0 kg, peak oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 peak) = 4.20 ± 0.2 l/min] performed three trials, each separated by 1 wk: 1) 100% α-d-glucose [carbohydrate (CHO)], 2) 70% carbohydrate-20% protein (PRO)-10% fat, and 3) 86% carbohydrate-14% amino acid (AA). All feedings were eucaloric, based on 1.0 g ⋅ kg body wt− 1 ⋅ h− 1of CHO, and administered every 30 min during a 4-h muscle glycogen restoration period in an 18% wt/vol solution. Muscle biopsies were obtained immediately and 4 h after exercise. Blood samples were drawn immediately after the exercise bout and every 0.5 h for 4 h during the restoration period. Increases in muscle glycogen concentrations for the three feedings (CHO, CHO-PRO, CHO-AA) were 118 mmol/kg dry wt; however, no differences among the feedings were apparent. The serum glucose and insulin responses did not differ throughout the restoration period among the three feedings. These results suggest that muscle glycogen restoration does not appear to be enhanced with the addition of proteins or amino acids to an eucaloric CHO feeding after exhaustive cycle exercise.

Influence of exercise type, hydration, and heat on plasma volume shifts in men

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Gaebelein ◽  
L. C. Senay
Keyword(s):  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subsequent Change ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercise Type ◽  
Plasma Volume Shifts

Four male Caucasians were studied during cycle ergometer exercise and stair stepping in a hot wet environment (32 degrees C db, 30 degrees C wb) after exertion was equated by matching heart rates during training. With each exercise, one session was conducted after 24 h of water deprivation, the other 50 min after ingestion of an amount of water equal to 1% body weight. Venous blood samples were obtained 24 h before each exercise and before and at 10-min intervals during each exercise. No changes in osmolality were found during stair stepping. A progressive osmoconcentration, however, occurred during cycling after dehydration and an initial osmoconcentration with little subsequent change accompanied ergometer exercise after hydration. This latter effect was due to a consistent osmodilution in all subjects, but occurring at different times during the session in each. All attained an osmolality of 290 mosmol/kg before dilution. Because this value is above the threshold of arginine vasopressin release, this hormone may have been responsible for the osmodilution. Therefore, the preexercise osmolality and the rate at which the threshold for vasopressin release is attained may determine whether osmodilution, osmoconcentration, or both occur during exercise.

Neuropeptide Y release from human heart is enhanced during prolonged exercise in hypoxia

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1346-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kaijser ◽  
J. Pernow ◽  
B. Berglund ◽  
J. Grubbstrom ◽  
J. M. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Arterial O2 Saturation ◽  
Net Release ◽  
Coronary Sinus Blood

To evaluate the effect of hypoxemia on cardiac release of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and norepinephrine (NE), arterial and coronary sinus blood was sampled and coronary sinus blood flow was measured by thermodilution in nine healthy volunteers at rest and during supine cycle ergometer exercise while they breathed air and 12% O2, which reduced arterial O2 saturation to approximately 68%. Five subjects started to exercise for 30 min breathing air and continued for 30 min breathing 12% O2; four subjects breathed 12% O2 and air in the reverse order. The load was adjusted to give the same heart rate during O2 and air breathing. No significant cardiac net release of NPY-LI or NE was seen at rest. Exercise induced release of NPY-LI and NE. The net release of NPY-LI was 0.7 +/- 0.4 pmol/min during air breathing (average 12 and 30 min) and 2.8 +/- 0.6 pmol/min during 12% O2 breathing. The difference was not influenced by the order of the breathing periods. The NE coronary sinus-arterial difference was not significantly different between 12% O2 and air breathing, whereas the net release was significantly larger during 12% O2 breathing (0.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.1 nmol/min). Thus, NPY is released with NE from the heart during exercise. Arterial hypoxemia seems to be an additional stimulus of preferential NPY release.

Leg raise can detect exercise-induced pulmonary arterial wedge pressure elevation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Nakata ◽  
A Goda ◽  
K Takeuchi ◽  
H Kikuchi ◽  
T Inami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hemodynamic Assessment ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Wedge Pressure

Abstract Background Exercise-induced elevation of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) may show preclinical or exercise-induced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Invasive hemodynamic assessment during provocative maneuvers, like exercise and volume challenge, in these patients allows greater sensitivity to diagnose or exclude HFpEF. The aim of this study was to examine how the leg raise, which is a simple way to increase preload, can detect exercise-induced PAWP elevation. Methods Four hundred seventy-nine patients (60±14y.o, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) 19mmHg, PAWP 8mmHg, CTEPH /IPAH/CTD-PH/SOB unknown reason: 357/56/38/28pts) with near-normal PAP and normal PAWP at rest underwent symptom-limited exercise test using supine cycle ergometer with right heart catheter. Exercise-induced elevation in PAWP of over 20mmHg was defined as exercise-induced elevation group. Results ΔPAWP (after leg raise - rest) in the exercise-induced elevation group was significantly higher (6.0±4.1 vs. 2.7±3.9mmHg, p&lt;0.001, in the older (age≥60y.o) group (n=276); 3.4±3.5 vs. 1.9±3.4mmHg, p&lt;0.001, in the younger (age&lt;60y.o) group (n=203)) than that in the non-elevation group after legs raise for cycle ergometer exercise. The area under the ROC curve for ΔPAWP was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.65–0.78) in the older and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.53–0.75) in the younger. In the older, the cut-off value for detect exercise-induced PAWP elevation of ΔPAWP was 4mmHg, with 72% sensitivity and 58% specificity. On the other hand, in the younger, the cut-off value was 3mmHg, with 69% sensitivity and 59% specificity. Conclusion Leg raise can easily detect occult left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Transcapillary escape rate of albumin in humans during exercise-induced hypervolemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Haskell ◽  
Ethan R. Nadel ◽  
Nina S. Stachenfeld ◽  
Kei Nagashima ◽  
Gary W. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Escape Rate ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Transcapillary Escape Rate ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced

Haskell, Andrew, Ethan R. Nadel, Nina S. Stachenfeld, Kei Nagashima, and Gary W. Mack. Transcapillary escape rate of albumin in humans during exercise-induced hypervolemia. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 407–413, 1997.—To test the hypotheses that plasma volume (PV) expansion 24 h after intense exercise is associated with reduced transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb) and that local changes in transcapillary forces in the previously active tissues favor retention of protein in the vascular space, we measured PV, TERalb, plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COPp), interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi), and colloid osmotic pressure in leg muscle and skin and capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) in the arm and leg in seven men and women before and 24 h after intense upright cycle ergometer exercise. Exercise expanded PV by 6.4% at 24 h (43.9 ± 0.8 to 46.8 ± 1.2 ml/kg, P< 0.05) and decreased total protein concentration (6.5 ± 0.1 to 6.3 ± 0.1 g/dl, P < 0.05) and COPp (26.1 ± 0.8 to 24.3 ± 0.9 mmHg, P < 0.05), although plasma albumin concentration was unchanged. TERalb tended to decline (8.4 ± 0.5 to 6.5 ± 0.7%/h, P = 0.11) and was correlated with the increase in PV ( r = −0.69, P < 0.05). CFC increased in the leg (3.2 ± 0.2 to 4.3 ± 0.5 μl ⋅ 100 g−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ mmHg−1, P < 0.05), and Pi showed a trend to increase in the leg muscle (2.8 ± 0.7 to 3.8 ± 0.3 mmHg, P = 0.08). These data demonstrate that TERalb is associated with PV regulation and that local transcapillary forces in the leg muscle may favor retention of albumin in the vascular space after exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of brief exercise on circulating insulin-like growth factor I

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2490-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cappon ◽  
J. A. Brasel ◽  
S. Mohan ◽  
D. M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

An acute insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) response to 10 min of above-lactate threshold cycle ergometer exercise was studied in 10 subjects (age 22–35 yr). Each subject exercised on three separate mornings after ingesting one of two isocaloric isovolemic liquid meals high in either fat or glucose or an isovolemic noncaloric placebo. The high-fat meal attenuated the growth hormone (GH) response (Cappon et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76: 1418–1422, 1993). In contrast, IGF-I increased equally for all protocols [e.g., after the placebo meal IGF-I increased from 21,716 (SE) ng/ml preexercise to 25,316 ng/ml at 10 min of exercise; P < 0.05]. IGF-I peaked by the 10th min of exercise, like GH, and remained significantly elevated for only 20 min of recovery. We tested for possible GH-dependent mechanisms in which circulating IGF-I would increase 12-24 h after exercise. Ten subjects (age 23–32 yr) performed 10 min of above-lactate threshold exercise at 9, 10, and 11 A.M. GH was elevated after the first exercise bout (peak GH 6.05 +/- 1.45 ng/ml; P < 0.001) but was significantly reduced for the second and third bouts (peak GH 2.52 +/- 0.76 and 1.50 +/- 0.40 ng/ml, respectively). No increase in IGF-I was observed by 8 A.M. on the following day. Heavy ergometer exercise led to brief and small increases in circulating IGF-I that were independent of circulating GH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in a Population Sample of Girls and Boys Aged 6 to 8 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina Lintu ◽  
Kai Savonen ◽  
Anna Viitasalo ◽  
Tuomo Tompuri ◽  
Jussi Paananen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

Background:There are few studies on determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among girls and boys separately in population samples of children.Methods:We therefore investigated the determinants of CRF, assessed by maximal workload per height using allometric scaling, in a population sample of 162 girls and 177 boys aged 6 to 8 years. We used automated bootstrap feature selection and linear regression models.Results:The strongest determinants of CRF among girls were maximal heart rate (HR; standardized regression coefficient [β] = 0.31, P < .001), unsupervised physical activity (β = 0.29, P < .001), lean body mass (β = 0.23, P = .001), and errors in static balance test (β = –0.16, P = .02), accounting altogether for 25.7% of variation in CRF. In boys, unsupervised physical activity (β = 0.24, P < .001), resting HR (β = –0.25, P < .001), hand grip strength (β = 0.21, P = .001), errors in static balance test (β = –0.16, P = .01), organized football (β = 0.16, P = .01), and unsupervised trampoline jumping (β = 0.14, P = .04) were the strongest determinants of CRF, accounting altogether for 29.7% of variation in CRF.Conclusions:These findings suggest that unsupervised physical activity is sufficient in improving CRF in both sexes. Furthermore, larger muscle mass and better balance are associated with higher CRF that has to be taken into account when assessing CRF using maximal cycle ergometer exercise test among children.

APPLICATION OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL FOR CORRECTION OF SHIFTS IN HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN STUDENTS INDUCED BY CYCLE ERGOMETER EXERCISE

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2 (249)) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
E.S. Gevorkyan ◽  
L.E. Ghukasyan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Rapid Restoration ◽  
Clove Essential Oil

Shifts in some cardiac hemodynamic parameters were studied in students during a 15-minute cycle ergometer load attended with cold inhalation of clove essential oil. It is shown that the use of essential oil of cloves contributes to the alignment of shifts in the level of functional indicators of students, by increasing the adaptive capacity of the organism. Essential oil of cloves causes a decrease of “physiological cost” of physical activity performed by students by strengthening the economization processes of functional systems activity. Curing an increase in the sympathetic effects on the body, induced by physical activity, the oil of cloves contributes to the rapid restoration of the functional state of the body in the nearest post-load period. As a control, indicators of the functional state and cardiac hemodynamics of students who, during bicycle ergometer load, were not subjected to the corrective influence of the essential oil of cloves, were used.

Exercise-induced changes in blood zinc and related proteins in humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1453-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohno ◽  
K. Yamashita ◽  
R. Doi ◽  
K. Yamamura ◽  
T. Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Blood Zinc

Effects of cycle ergometer exercise (approximately 75% maximum ventilatory O2 consumption for 30 min) on the concentrations of zinc and related proteins in erythrocytes and/or plasma were studied on 11 sedentary male students. Lower concentrations of total zinc and of zinc derived from carbonic anhydrase I type (CA-I) in erythrocytes were observed immediately after exercise, but they disappeared after 30 min of rest. The change in total zinc concentration in erythrocytes correlated well with that in CA-I concentration immediately after exercise, as well as after rest. The concentration of carbonic anhydrase II type (CA-II)-derived zinc did not vary substantially at any time. On the other hand, there were significant increases in the plasma concentrations of total zinc and of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG)-bound zinc immediately after exercise, whereas no such effect was noted in albumin-bound zinc. A positive correlation was found between total zinc and alpha 2-MG concentrations in plasma immediately after exercise. In addition, the change in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, a zinc metalloenzyme, correlated well with that in the total zinc concentration in plasma. These results suggest that a brief physical exercise induces the movement of zinc into plasma.

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