scholarly journals Infective Endocarditis in Children — New Approach in Antimicrobial Prophylaxis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Rodica Togănel
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardium and/or heart valves with the formation of a thrombus and secondary damage of the involved tissue, with significant mortality and severe complications. The prevention of bacterial endocarditis is of great controversy. Antimicrobial prophylaxis is usable in the prevention of endocarditis by killing bacteria before or after their extension to the damaged endocardium. No human studies offer strong evidence to support the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis so far, thus it could be potentially dangerous. Therefore, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) may need to reconsider and update the previous guidelines with the proposal of reducing the prophylactic approach of IE. The 2015 Task Force recommends prophylaxis for highest risk patients undergoing highest risk procedures, focused on prevention rather than prophylaxis of IE, especially in nosocomial endocarditis.

scholarly journals Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Sakac ◽  
Dragan Kovacevic ◽  
Slobodan Sekulic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

Introduction. Infective endocarditis is defined as an infection of the endothelial surface of the heart and heart valves, above all. It is a great challenge for doctors to diagnose infective endocarditis especially in primary health care, because this is a disease in evolution, bearing in mind changes in epidemiological and clinical characteristics, which developed in the last decades. Even today this is a very severe and insidious disease, with poor prognosis and high mortality. Prevention of Infective Endocarditis. Although previous guidelines proposed a limitation to prophylaxis in patients at increased risk of adverse outcome of infective endocarditis, new guidelines recommend the principles of antibiotic prophylaxis when performing procedures at risk of infective endocarditis in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions, and limit its indication to patients at the highest risk of infective endocarditis undergoing the highest risk procedures. Conclusion. Despite the fact that previous guidelines for diagnostics and treatment of infective endocarditis were published only several years ago, the Task Force on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology identify infective endocarditis as a clearly evolving disease, with changes in its microbiological profile and higher incidence of health care associated cases which has brought about a need for new recommendations to help health care providers in making clinical decisions including preventive measures and antibiotic prophylaxis. As a novelty, a group of patients at the highest risk of infective endocarditis was defined as well as the type of procedures at risk divided into four categories.

Endocarditis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Habib ◽  
Franck Thuny ◽  
Guy Van Camp ◽  
Simon Matskeplishvili
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Embolic Risk

Echocardiography plays a key role in the assessment of infective endocarditis (IE). It is useful both for the diagnosis of endocarditis, the assessment of the severity of the disease, the prediction of short-term and long-term prognosis, the prediction of embolic risk, the management of the complications of endocarditis, and the follow-up of patients under specific antibiotic therapy. The Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology and the ‘Recommendations for the practice of echocardiography in infective endocarditis’ of the European Association for Echocardiography have underlined the value and limitations of echocardiography in IE, and gave clear recommendations for the optimal use of both transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography in IE. New data in the field of echocardiography in IE includes more extensive use of three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography, inclusion of other imaging techniques, and new important publications in the field of the prediction of embolic risk by echocardiography.

scholarly journals Late Bacterial Endocarditis in an Intravenous Drug User With an Amplatzer Septal Occluder

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
Michael S. La Sala ◽  
Hajir Zohourian ◽  
Joseph McKeown ◽  
Samuel Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Intravenous Drug User ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Amplatzer Septal Occluder ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Risk Patients

Infective endocarditis of a fully endothelialized cardiac prosthesis, and especially the late presentation of endocarditis, challenges our current understanding of device-related complications. Late bacterial endocarditis associated with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder, a device frequently used to close atrial septal defects, has been documented only rarely. We report the case of an intravenous drug user who had late infective endocarditis associated with his Amplatzer Septal Occluder, secondary to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia nearly 14 years after device insertion. The patient recovered after surgical excision and débridement of the vegetative mass, which may be the first time that a surgical approach has been taken to treat this condition. This report corroborates the need for late screening of high-risk patients who have septal occluder devices.

scholarly journals Infective Endocarditis: A Focus on Oral Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Carmela Del Giudice ◽  
Emanuele Vaia ◽  
Daniela Liccardo ◽  
Federica Marzano ◽  
Alessandra Valletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an inflammatory disease usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and settling in the heart lining valves or blood vessels. Despite modern antimicrobial and surgical treatments, IE continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Thus, primary prevention and enhanced diagnosis remain the most important strategies to fight this disease. In this regard, it is worth noting that for over 50 years, oral microbiota has been considered one of the significant risk factors for IE. Indeed, among the disparate recommendations from the American heart association and the European Society of Cardiology, there are good oral hygiene and prophylaxis for high-risk patients undergoing dental procedures. Thus, significant interest has grown in the role of oral microbiota and it continues to be a subject of research interest, especially if we consider that antimicrobial treatments can generate drug-resistant mutant bacteria, becoming a severe social problem. This review will describe the current knowledge about the relationship between oral microbiota, dental procedures, and IE. Further, it will discuss current methods used to prevent IE cases that originate from oral pathogens and how these should be focused on improving oral hygiene, which remains the significant persuasible way to prevent bacteremia and systemic disorders.

scholarly journals Prevention of the infective endocarditis during the dental procedures

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Tatjana Puskar ◽  
S. Puskar ◽  
Z. Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Defect ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Intervention ◽  
Infective Disease ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

Endocarditis is endovascular infective disease of intracardiac structures, which are in contact with blood. The most common cause is Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans, which inhabit oral cavity. During dental intervention, which includes gingival trauma (risky dental intervention) microorganisms that cause infective endocarditis could penetrate into circulation of the blood. The group of high risk patients consists of patients which have already had infective endocarditis, patients with prosthetic heart valves or other foreign endovascular bodies, patients with congenital heart defect, patients with acquired heart defect, prolapse of mitral valve with registered mitral regurgitation and hyphertrophic cardiomiopathy. Those groups of patients should have prevention from infective endocarditis before any risky dental intervention with bactericidal dosage of wide spectrum antibiotics at least an hour before the procedure. .

scholarly journals Associação entre endocardite bacteriana e procedimento de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio Leite de Araújo-Júnior ◽  
Maria do Carmo Franco Magalhães ◽  
Elma Mariana Verçosa de Melo-Silva ◽  
Bruna Lima Miranda ◽  
Maria Andreia Feitosa Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
European Association ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Treatment Needs

Introdução: Pacientes com condições cardíacas de risco submetidos a procedimentos de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilo faciais estão expostos à endocardite infecciosa, sujeitos a morbidade e mortalidade por esta grave doença. Objetivo: O presente artigo de revisão busca trazer informação adicional sobre endocardite bacteriana e procedimentos de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofaciais, bem como principais microrganismos envolvidos neste feito, fatores e condições de risco e a antibioticoprofilaxia. Material e Método: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, onde foram analisados artigos científicos obtidos da base de dados PubMed, Cochrane, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde  e Scielo. Foram pesquisados estudos de 2000 a 2018 e incluídos estudos do período de 2013 a 2018, de acordo com os descritores: Endocardite Bacteriana – Prevalência – Profilaxia -Bacteriana, bem como a associação dos termos pesquisados nas línguas inglês, espanhol e português. Totalizando-se 189 estudos para realização da pesquisa e incluídos 13 artigos.  Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatística descritiva. Conclusão: Mediante informações exportas nestes trabalhos, pode-se concluir que a melhor maneira de se prevenir uma endocardite infecciosa é conhecendo o paciente por meio de uma anamnese bem feita, onde se conheça toda a história médica odontológica pregressa do paciente para que se possam identificar de forma individualizada os pacientes de risco, bem como a exposição desnecessária de antibióticos a este paciente. Sendo a antibioticoprofilaxia recomendada para todos os pacientes odontológicos de risco eminente, assim como procedimentos de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial mais invasivo.Descritores: Endocardite Bacteriana; Prevalência; Antibioticoprofilaxia; Cirurgia Bucal.ReferênciasHabib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075-128.Nomura R, Kokomoto K, Ohara T, Nakatani S, Ooshima T, Nakano K. Current knowledge among Japanese experienced general dentists regarding prevention of infective endocarditis. Odontology. 2018;106(3):297-305.Kaura A, Dworakowska D, Dworakowski R. Infective endocarditis - Cinderella in cardiology. Kardiol Pol. 2017;75(10):965-74.Suda KJ, Henschel H, Patel U, Fitzpatrick MA, Evans CT. Use of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Tooth Extractions, Dental Implants, and Periodontal Surgical Procedures. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;5(1):ofx250.Robinson AN, Tambyah PA. Infective endocarditis - An update for dental surgeons. Singapore Dent J. 2017;38:2-7.Abegaz TM, Bhagavathula AS, Gebreyohannes EA, Mekonnen AB, Abebe TB. Short- and long-term outcomes in infective endocarditis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17(1):291.González Navarro B, Jané Salas E, Estrugo Devesa A, López López J, Viñas M. Bacteremia Associated With Oral Surgery: A Review. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2017;17(3):190-204.Kumar A, Rai A. Oral health status, health behaviour and treatment needs of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;33(2):151-54.Taubert KA, Wilson W. Is endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures necessary? Heart Asia. 2017 Feb 23;9(1):63-67.Tomás Carmona I, Limeres Posse J, Diz Dios P, Mella Pérez C. Bacterial endocarditis of oral etiology in an elderly population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2003;36(1):49-55.Thornhill MH, Dayer M, Lockhart PB, Prendergast B. Antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017;19(2):9.Glenny AM, Oliver R, Roberts GJ, Hooper L, Worthington HV. Antibiotics for the prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in dentistry. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(10):CD003813.Cahill TJ, Harrison JL, Jewell P, Onakpoya I, Chambers JB, Dayer M et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2017;103(12):937-44.

Infective and inflammatory cardiac conditions

2010 ◽  
pp. 191-224
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Kaski
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Prosthetic Valves ◽  
Fungal Endocarditis ◽  
Culture Negative

Infective endocarditis 192 Treatment of endocarditis 194 Enterococcal endocarditis 204 Endocarditis caused by HACEK organisms 210 Fungal endocarditis 212 Culture-negative endocarditis 214 Antimicrobial prophylaxis 218 Pericarditis 220 Myocarditis 223 Infective endocarditis is an infection of the endocardium which usually involves the heart valves. In current clinical practice, endocarditis encompasses a heterogeneous collection of infections that may involve native cardiac tissues, prosthetic valves, pacing systems, and a variety of intracardiac implants. Endocarditis is mainly caused by bacteria, but fungi are occasionally implicated....

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