scholarly journals Trees in the landscape: orchard trees in a 17th-century French dictionary

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-226
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Williams
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Single Author ◽  
Century Science ◽  
Encyclopaedic Dictionary

Abstract The 17th century was a time of change in both agriculture and architecture as both nobility and newly rich bourgeois sought to embellish country residences with gardens and orchards. Not only were new plants arriving from overseas, but gardening was being revolutionised by the likes of Le Nôtre, de la Quintinie and the lesser known Fatio. This was reflected in the Dictionnaire universel de Antoine Furetière, the first genuinely encyclopaedic dictionary. This paper starts by introducing the LandLex initiative, pan-European synchronic and diachronic collaborative analyses of simple words concerning the landscape in historical dictionaries. We then look at a selected number of orchard trees and their fruit in two editions of the Dictionnaire universel: the first edition of 1690 and that revised by Basnage de Beauval in 1701. To an extent, Furetière applied a model for classifying trees and fruit that can be extracted by analysis. Some entries went into excessive detail as those of pear, a highly fashionable fruit at the time. One major difference between the two is Basnage’s move from a single author approach to the use of field experts in certain areas, amongst which botany. Much was simply carried over, but when Dr Régis, Basnage’s expert in medicine and natural history, deemed an entry of scientific interest it was given a rewrite with new background texts being cited, thereby widening our vision of developing 17th-century science.

The Abbots Bromley Horn Dance

Antiquity ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Violet Alford
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Field Work ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Bow And Arrow ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church

Few people know of this, possibly the most primitive dance in Europe. We find scanty records therefore, the earliest dating only from the 17th century. Robert Plot, in his Natural History of Staffordshire, 1686, p. 434, says:–At Abbots, or now rather Pagets Bromley, they had also within memory, a sort of sport, which they celebrated at Christmas (on New-Year and Twelft-day) call'd the Hobby-horse dance, from a person that carryed the image of a horse between his leggs, made of thin boards, and in his hand a bow and arrow, which passing through a hole in the bow, and stopping upon a sholder it had in it, he made a snapping noise as he drew it to and fro, keeping time with the Musick: with this Man danced 6 others, carrying on their shoulders as many Rain deers heads, 3 of them painted white, and 3 red, with the Armes of the cheif families (viz.) of Paget, Bagot, and Wells) to whom the revenews of the Town cheifly belonged, depicted on the palms of them, with which they danced the Hays, and other Country dances. To this Hobbyhorse dance there also belong'd a pot, which was kept by turnes, by 4 or 5 of the cheif of the Town, whom they call'd Reeves, who provided Cakes and Ale to put in this pot; all people who had any kindness for the good intent of the Institution of the sport, giving pence a piece for themselves and families; and so forraigners too, that came to see it: with which Mony (the charge of the Cakes and Ale being defrayed) they not only repaired their Church but kept their poore too: which charges are not now perhaps so cheerfully boarn.Why Plot says ‘within memory’ it is difficult to understand, unless there was a temporary cessation of the rite. He might easily have learnt whether the sport still lived or no, but from this and various internal points I suspect the Doctor never went to see for himself. Like too great a number of folklorists he preferred keeping his nose in a book to embarking on ‘field work’. The pot into which they put the feast has now disappeared, and so far from repairing the church and keeping the poor, the few shillings gained hardly pay the dancers for the loss of a day's work.

Rocky Mountains

2020 ◽  
pp. 402-425
Author(s):  
Cohen &
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Atmospheric Research

The chapter “Rocky Mountains” explains about scientific and technological sites of adult interest in Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, including National Center for Atmospheric Research, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Museum of the Rockies, and Yellowstone National Park. The traveler is provided with essential information, including addresses, telephone numbers, hours of entry, handicapped access, dining facilities, dates open and closed, available public transportation, and websites. Nearly every site included here has been visited by the authors. Although written with scientists in mind, this book is for anyone who likes to travel and visit places of historical and scientific interest. Included are photographs of many sites within each state.

17th-century science: a commercial tale?

The Lancet ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (9214) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
John Henry
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Century Science

Virgil's Agricultural Lore

1949 ◽  
Vol 18 (53) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. S. Jermyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Short Space ◽  
Very High

When the Virgil Society did me the very high honour of asking me to lecture to-day, there was little doubt in my mind as to what my subject should be. For Mr. Jackson Knight had been constantly spurring me to develop three ideas which he saw in embryo in my notes to The Singing Farmer—the sources of Virgil's agricultural lore, how he used them, and points in Roman farming which might be of scientific interest to-day. To deal adequately with these subjects would require a volume of imposing proportions: all that can be done in the short space of an hour is to state, and attempt to solve, a few of the problems, and thereby to indicate lines on which further profitable research may proceed. A good deal of accurate research work on Virgil's botany, animal husbandry, and natural history has already been done by the late John Sargeaunt and by Canon Royds; and Professor T. J. Haarhoff has done much to demonstrate the modernity of our poet in his searching study, Vergil in the Experience of South Africa, and will, I understand, be doing still more in a forthcoming volume, to be entitled Vergil the Universal. I can only pray, therefore, that my exiguous mouse, born to-day after mountains of labour, will not abstract anything from your grain-heaps of knowledge but add to them; for it is in this hope that I have tried to be, during the two and a half years since my release from captivity, a picker-up, not merely of learning's crumbs, but of unconsidered trifles.

scholarly journals Argument and 17th-Century Science

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Gross ◽  
Joseph E. Harmon ◽  
Michael S. Reidy
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Century Science

scholarly journals Językowe właściwości autora czy zecera w XVII-wiecznym tekście drukowanym ?

2016 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Alicja Pihan –Kijasowa
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Single Author ◽  
Printed Text ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

17th-century printed texts, represented in the article by stylistically uniform texts of church sermons, mainly funeral sermons, are characterised by significant differences in the frequencies of specific forms entering into the composition of variant pairs or sequences. The completed research experiment consisted in the comparison of the frequency of individual variants. Firstly, in texts by a single author published in different printing offices in different cities, secondly, in texts by a single author published in different printing shops, but in the same city, and finally, in texts by various authors published in the same printing shop. The experiment demonstrated that, generally, the author of a printed text was not the one who made the selection of a specific word form constituting a part of a variant pair. We must note the significant contribution to this process of workers in the book industry employed in publishing offices: editors, proofreaders and type-setters. Usually, it is difficult to say that 17th- century printed texts were characterised by the originality of the language of their authors or proofreaders/ typesetters. A different attitude towards the problem would be more appropriate, acknowledging that we are dealing with linguistic properties of text which include some components of language used by the author – editor/proofreader – typesetter.

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