Ordering biases in cross-linguistic perspective: The interaction of serial order and structural level

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-397
Author(s):  
Thomas Berg
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Early Placement

AbstractCapitalizing upon the typological fact that the same content may be coded in different positions and at different structural levels, this study examines whether the syntactic and the morphological levels exhibit different serial-order preferences. A large-scale comparison of word and morpheme order across six grammatical categories including definiteness and negation reveals that all six categories document the same interaction effect: the syntactic level shows a significantly higher preposing rate than the morphological level does. A morphological postposing bias is observed for five categories, a syntactic preposing bias for four and a syntactic postposing bias for two. This interaction effect is not affected by a genealogical or areal bias. The empirical patterns are mainly shaped by a predilection for lexical material to precede grammatical material. Early placement may also be brought about by ultra-high token frequency. The fact that the postposing bias does occur sporadically at the syntactic level casts some doubt on the well-known suffixing preference as the appropriate level of generalization.

Equivalent core concept for large-scale structural-level applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595-1616
Author(s):  
Woo Geun Lee ◽  
Jung Seok Kim ◽  
Jae-Yong Lim
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Core Concept

This study examined the applicability of the equivalent core concept, which replaces a discrete core with a homogenized solid core representing its elastic properties, on a large-scale structure. To this end, numerical verifications were performed for corrugated core structures at two levels, the specimen level and structural level. Before the verifications, analytical equations were gathered from previous reports to obtain the homogenized elastic properties of corrugated cores. At the specimen-level verifications, the maximum deflections of the corrugated core panel specimens subject to three-point bending were calculated with sandwich beam theory, finite element models with discretely modeled cores and equivalent cores. For the structural-level verifications, the maximum deflection and natural frequency were computed from a discrete finite element model and an equivalent model of a railway car body structure. The results revealed that the equivalent models gave excellent agreement with the theoretical values if the same underlying boundary conditions were used; however, greater discrepancies were observed with the discrete models. In addition, for the structural-level verifications the equivalent core model reasonably approximated the discrete model with marginal accuracy. Therefore, employing the equivalent core concept can be expected to save computational costs in the initial design stage of large-scale structures.

scholarly journals Gender Form Usage of the Bulgarian Pronouns by Non-Native Learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Galina Kurteva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Large Scale Study

The article presents results from a large-scale study of several grammatical categories that learners of Bulgarian as a foreign language find challenging. The gender forms of the Bulgarian pronouns are discussed and a number of problems they present to non-native learners of the language are elicited via an extensive research programme. A taxonomy of the problems encountered is developed and each error type is amply exemplified. Cases of asymmetrical grammatical forms are explored between Bulgarian and several learner mother tongues.

scholarly journals Novel Mutations within PRSS1 Gene that Could Potentially Cause Hereditary Pancreatitis: Using Bioinformatics Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujahed I Mustafa ◽  
Abdelrahman H Abdelmoneim ◽  
Nafisa M Elfadol ◽  
Soada A Osman ◽  
Tebyan A Abdelhameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Hereditary Pancreatitis ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Ucsf Chimera

Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is a rare heterogeneous disease with partial penetrance identified by frequent episodes of severe abdominal pain, often showing in young aged children. It is complicating by chronic pancreatitis, and high rate of pancreatic cancer (up to 40-50%). The aim of this work was to classify the most deleterious mutation in PRSS1 gene and to predict their influence on the functional and structural level by a variety of bioinformatics analysis tools. The raw data of PRSS1 gene were recovered from SNP database, and further used to examine a deleterious effect using SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, SNPs&GO, PHD-SNP, PANTHER and P-Mut. The functional analysis predicted that two SNPs “rs1366278558 and rs767036052” have a deleterious effect at functional level. Additionally, we submitted them to I-mutant 3.0, and MUPro respectively to investigate their effect on structural level; the two tools revealed that; two mutations have a dramatic decrease of the protein stability, thus suggesting that the M1R and L4P mutations of PRSS1  gene could destabilize the amino acid interactions causing functional abnormalities of PRSS1 protein. The 3D structure of PRSS1 was predicted by RaptorX and modeled using UCSF Chimera to compare the differences between the native and the mutant amino acids. From the comparative analysis at the functional and structural level, these two SNPs “M1R and L4P” have a deleterious effect and thus could be used as diagnostic markers to predict HP. These findings can be used as a platform to develop large-scale studies in the future.

scholarly journals Quartz Microstructures from the Sambagawa Metamorphic Rocks, Southwest Japan: Indicators of Deformation Conditions during Exhumation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Toru Takeshita
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Grain Boundary Migration ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Southwest Japan ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Subgrain Rotation ◽  
Garnet Zone ◽  
Quartz Grains

The Sambagawa metamorphic rocks in central Shikoku, southwest Japan consist of an inverted metamorphic sequence from the upper chlorite to oligoclase-biotite zones at the lower structural level (LSL), which is overlain by a normal metamorphic sequence consisting of the albite-biotite and garnet zones at the upper structural level (USL). These sequences form a large-scale recumbent fold called the Besshi nappe. To unravel the mechanism of recrystallization and physical conditions in quartz, and their relation to exhumation tectonics, microstructures of recrystallized quartz grains in quartz schist from the Asemi-Saruta-Dozan River traverse were analyzed. The recrystallized quartz grain size increases with increasing structural level from 40 µm in the upper chlorite zone to 160 µm in the garnet zone of the USL. Further, the mechanism of dynamic recrystallization of quartz changes from subgrain rotation to grain boundary migration with increasing structural level across the uppermost garnet zone of the LSL. From these data, the deformation temperatures in quartz schist are calculated to increase with increasing structural level within the range between 300 and 450 °C using paleopiezometers and experimental flow laws. It could be interpreted that a rapid cooling of the Besshi nappe from above is responsible for the deformation temperatures recorded in quartz schist.

scholarly journals Using Coarse-Grained Simulations to Characterize the Mechanisms of Protein–Protein Association

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani Dhusia ◽  
Zhaoqian Su ◽  
Yinghao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Kinetic Property ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Protein Association ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The formation of functionally versatile protein complexes underlies almost every biological process. The estimation of how fast these complexes can be formed has broad implications for unravelling the mechanism of biomolecular recognition. This kinetic property is traditionally quantified by association rates, which can be measured through various experimental techniques. To complement these time-consuming and labor-intensive approaches, we developed a coarse-grained simulation approach to study the physical processes of protein–protein association. We systematically calibrated our simulation method against a large-scale benchmark set. By combining a physics-based force field with a statistically-derived potential in the simulation, we found that the association rates of more than 80% of protein complexes can be correctly predicted within one order of magnitude relative to their experimental measurements. We further showed that a mixture of force fields derived from complementary sources was able to describe the process of protein–protein association with mechanistic details. For instance, we show that association of a protein complex contains multiple steps in which proteins continuously search their local binding orientations and form non-native-like intermediates through repeated dissociation and re-association. Moreover, with an ensemble of loosely bound encounter complexes observed around their native conformation, we suggest that the transition states of protein–protein association could be highly diverse on the structural level. Our study also supports the idea in which the association of a protein complex is driven by a “funnel-like” energy landscape. In summary, these results shed light on our understanding of how protein–protein recognition is kinetically modulated, and our coarse-grained simulation approach can serve as a useful addition to the existing experimental approaches that measure protein–protein association rates.

The structure and petrology of ultrabasic rocks in the southern part of the Cuillin Igneous Complex, Isle of Skye

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Claydon ◽  
B. R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Magma Mixing ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
Melt Migration ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Isle Of Skye

AbstractThe ultrabasic rocks of the southern portion of the Early Tertiary Cuillin Igneous Complex, Isle of Skye, are recognised as forming a Peridotite Series s.l. and have been separated into six distinct structural–lithological units. These units range from almost pure dunite (Unit 1, at the lowest structural level), through to feldspathic peridotites and allivalites (Units 5 and 6, at the highest structural levels). Detailed field and mineralogical studies indicate that both cumulus and postcumulus processes involving ultrabasic (picritic) magmas may be identified, and that the latter processes have significantly modified many of the primary features of these rocks.Layering, both modal and phase, is present within all six units, although it is more prominent within the higher units, especially Units 5 and 6. Differing orientations of fabrics defined by cumulus spinel and intercumulus plagioclase layers within Unit 3 indicate the important role of compaction and intercumulus melt migration. Unit 4 is extremely heterogeneous, involving material ranging in composition from peridotite to allivalite, and provides clear evidence for postcumulus melt movement, magma-mixing, disruption and brecciation. Units 5 and 6 developed with a more porous cumulus framework, giving rise to dendritic growths involving cumulus olivine and poikilitic plagioclase.It is concluded that postcumulus melt movement, injection and magma-mixing, involving ultrabasic magmas, were significant processes in the formation of the ultrabasic rocks of the Cuillin Igneous Complex.

Frequency and serial order

Linguistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Berg
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Linear Representation ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Weak Factor ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
To Receive

AbstractPrevious work on frequency has in the main focused on paradigmatic aspects such as irregularity and allomorphy. This study, in contrast, addresses the syntagmatic dimension and in particular examines the effect of token frequency on serial order. A simple prediction follows from the psycholinguistic observation that frequency facilitates the retrieval of linguistic units: frequent units should precede infrequent ones rather than vice versa in the linear representation of speech. This prediction is tested on a total of fourteen phenomena from various languages and found to receive wide support in the domain of word order. However, it exerts only a sporadic influence on morpheme order and apparently no influence on phoneme order. Frequency is argued to be a cost-free, explanatory and pervasive, albeit a relatively weak factor. It is most likely to manifest itself in areas where alternative ordering options are available which are also semantically similar. Frequency may accompany linguistic change through its various stages.

scholarly journals Is Backlist the New Frontlist?

LOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Karl Berglund ◽  
Ann Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Key Players ◽  
In Series ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behaviour Data

Abstract Streaming services for audiobooks and ebooks have grown rapidly in recent years. The shift in consumption patterns has transformed both reading and publishing. One visible change is the attraction and importance of backlist titles. The article investigates how the relationship between frontlist and backlist in the bestseller segment has developed, and discusses the shift in the power balance between the two. By examining large-scale consumer behaviour data (6.23 million streams) from one of the key players in subscription-based digital bookselling – Storytel – we track book consumption both in detail and at a structural level. Our results show that backlist titles are increasingly important for bestselling authors who continue to publish frontlist titles, especially for fiction written in series. Streaming services foster new types of book consumption behaviour thanks to a combination of technology, media, reading habits, and social change.

Pharmaceutical evaluation of Madhutailika Basti formulation prepared by Classical and Modified Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruthi C. S. ◽  
Prabhakara Upadhyaya Renjal ◽  
Sujatha K.
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment

Madhutailika Basti’, is a type of ‘Aasthapana Basti’ also termed as ‘Niruha Basti’. The formulation of Madhutailika Basti comprises of Madhu, Lavana, Taila, Kalka and Kwatha. These ingredients are not easily miscible with each other. But to get the optimum therapeutic action from the formulation homogenious mixture of ingredients is necessary.Homogeneity of final mixture is assessed with certain features like, non- spreading, not-staying as a lump, not retaining its markings when it is placed on the palm.As this process needs creation of vigorous shear force within the mass material usage of sophisticated equipment for mixing may make the preparation processing easier and convenient, especially in large scale work.Hence it is planned to conduct the study on Madhutailika Basti formulation prepared by classical and modified methods. An effort is been put to know the reason behind serial order of mixing and difference between classical and modified methods of mixing Madhutailika Basti formulation.

ELLIOTT CARTER'S STRUCTURAL POLYRHYTHMS IN THE 1970S: ‘A MIRROR ON WHICH TO DWELL’

Tempo ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (261) ◽  
pp. 12-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas Coulembier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Phenomenon ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Musical Score ◽  
Pitch Organization ◽  
Elliott Carter ◽  
Background Structure ◽  
Double Function ◽  
The Difference

AbstractLarge-scale polyrhythms appear in almost every composition Elliott Carter wrote during the 1980s. The roots of this technique can be found in earlier compositions where Carter deliberately combined different simultaneous speeds not only at the musical surface, but also at a deeper, structural level. In A Mirror on which to dwell (1975), he already uses this compositional tool as a form-generating feature. Through the analysis of three songs from this cycle (Anaphora, Insomnia and O Breath), it is shown how the appearance of structural polyrhythms at the musical surface is meticulously organized through pitch organization, instrumentation and the relation with text. The double function of the polyrhythm – as a surface phenomenon and a background structure – is essential for the understanding of this composition. It also shows the difference with Carter's later use of the same technique in the 1980s, where large-scale or structural polyrhythms are more of a constructional nature and remain invisible in the musical score.

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