scholarly journals Taxation an Effective Tool for Income Re-Distribution in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Osasu Obaretin ◽  
Sadiq Oshoke Akhor ◽  
Osahon Emmanuel Oseghale
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Income Disparity ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Equitable Utilization

AbstractThis paper focused on taxation as a tool for effective income re-distribution in Nigeria. To achieve this data for the study were gathered from secondary source which include the Office of the Federal Inland Revenue Service and the World Bank Data Bank for the relevant years 1981 to 2014 (34 years) and this period is consider long enough to eliminate any effect of short run fluctuation on the dynamic on taxation and income redistribution in Nigeria. However, the ordinary least square statistical tool was used in analysing the time series data gathered. From the analyses the paper concluded that all tax variants do not exert significant impact on income disparity as observed by GINI at 5% level. The result suggests the taxation as not be able to fulfil its role as a standard tool of income re-distribution in Nigeria. Premised on the conclusion the paper recommended that the there is the need for effective, and equitable utilization of tax revenue and this recommendation suffices because of the insignificant influence of taxes on the level of income inequality as measured Gini-coefficient. Thus, the paper proposes that that there is the need to examine properly the distributional impact of the Nigerian tax system to (or “intending to”) ensuring that taxes create a more income-inclusive society by bridging the income disparity gap between the poor people and the rich.

scholarly journals Is Inflation Regressive or Progressive? Long Run & Short Run Evidence from Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Abu N. M. Wahid ◽  
Rukhsana Kalim
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Short Run

The present paper investigates an answer to a key question “is inflation regressive or progressive?” by utilizing time series data from 1971 up to 2005 with reference to Pakistan. The main focus of the study is on the inflation-inequality puzzle but other control variables are also included in the model that affect income distribution. We have utilized the most advanced technique FMOLS (Fully-Modified Ordinary Least Square) for long run and ECM (Error Correction Model) for short run dynamics. Our findings suggest that inflation is progressive in the case of Pakistan but with low magnitude. There is also a prevalence of a U-shaped relationship between inflation and income inequality in non-linear or non-monotonic phenomenon, but it is insignificant. Per capita income deteriorates income distribution, and seems to provide gains to non-poor individuals in the economy. Remittances as share of GDP, and human capital, also appear to increase income inequality in both periods but large size of the government seems to worsen income distribution in the long run. International trade and income inequality are positively correlated that confirms the existence of Leontief paradox in Pakistan not only in short run, but also in long run. Financial development declines income inequality insignificantly. Inverted U-shaped curve (Lafer-Curve) indicates an association of trade and income inequality in non-linear fashion insignificantly. This effort provides some new insights for policy makers and development planners in Pakistan.   Keywords: Inflation; inequality; fully modifed ordinary least square; Pakistan.  

scholarly journals The Effect Ethnic on Poverty in DIY Province

JEJAK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Sodik Dwi Purnomo ◽  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

The Special Province of Yogyakarta does not to allow non-native Indonesian citizens residing in the Province of DIY to possess land titles. This study aims to analyze the effect of ethnic discrimination on poverty by adding control variables such as working capital credit, investment credit, economic and education infrastructure. It employs time series data in the period 2000-2018 and are analyzed using multiple linear regression with ordinary least Square (OLS) model. The results show that working capital credit and investment credit have a negative and significant effect on poverty.  Ethnicity has a positive and significant effect on poverty. Education infrastructure has a significant effect on poverty. The findings imply the need for a review of the policy on the prohibition of land ownership and the need for the performance of the banking sector in the form of lending as well as the need to support human resources improvement through improving educational infrastructure and promoting  the quality of teachers in reducing the number of poor people.

The Relationship Between Inflation and Unemployment in Namibia Within the Framework of the Phillips Curve

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Johanna Pangeiko Nautwima ◽  
Asa Romeo Asa
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

This study intended to empirically validate the applicability of the Phillips Curve in Namibia since independence, using semi-annual time series data, and taking into account the periods of the annus horribilis of the global financial crises and the Coronavirus Disease pandemic. It further sought to examine the nature of the relationship between inflation and unemployment to determine whether it is short-run or long-run and establish the causal relationship between the variables using various econometric analyses. The unit root tests indicate that the variables were stationary in their level forms, implying the absence of the long-run relationship. Hence, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model was performed to measure the short-run relationship between the variables. Results from the OLS analysis reveal a bidirectional nexus between inflation and unemployment, validating the presence of the Phillips Curve in the Namibian economy. These results correspond to the findings that incorporated the periods of economic shocks; thus, adjudging the critics of the Philips Curve regarding the consideration of economic shockwaves to be nonsensical in the Namibian economy. Finally, Granger causality test was conducted to establish the causal relationship between the variables, and results found inflation and unemployment to be unrelated. Based on these findings, the study recommends policymakers to adopt a policy mix, skewed to reducing unemployment predominately among the youth since the issues cannot be addressed simultaneously. Lastly, the study suggests future investigations to assess panel analyses on the phenomenon concerning developing countries, particularly those in the same region. It also recommends a significant focus on the determinants of inflation and unemployment since the variables were found to be independent of each other. This will give accurate directives to policymakers in an attempt to address the matter in terms of policy formulation and assimilation when they understand where the issue is deriving from.

scholarly journals Port Revenue Performance and Economic Growth: The Nigerian Ports Authority Experience, 2010-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Richard C. Osadume ◽  
Edih O. University
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Cargo Throughput ◽  
Operating Surplus

AbstractThe Study examined Port Revenue Performance and Economic Growth: The Nigerian Ports Authority Experience, 2010 to 2019. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of Port Revenue Performance on Nigeria's economic growth by critically evaluating the Nigerian Ports Authority Performance. The neoclassical growth theory was employed in the study and the Nigeria Ports Authority was chosen as its sample, covering the period from 2010 to 2019. The study used secondary time series data sourced from the Nigeria Ports Authority and the National Bureau of Statistics and used the ordinary least square regression and the Engle-Granger co-integration to test the variables at the 5% level of significance. The findings showed that total revenue to gross registered tonnage had positive and significant effect on economic growth while operating surplus to operating revenue showed a negative but significant effect and operating surplus to cargo throughput showed insignificant effect; there was no co-integration between the variables. The study concludes that Port revenue performance affects economic growth in the short-run only, and it recommends amongst others that policy makers should formulate appropriate and implementable regulatory framework that will address infrastructural deficits at the ports and stimulate increased utilization by major foreign vessel companies.

scholarly journals Inter-Sectorial Linkage of Economic Sectors and Their Contribution to Economic Growth: A Time Series Evidence from Ethiopia and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Abrham Tezera Gessesse ◽  
Zheng Xungang ◽  
He Ge
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Johansen Cointegration ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate the inter-sectorial linkage of economic sectors and their contribution to the economic growth using time series data from 1978-2014 and 1992-2014. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a Johansen cointegration test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. Findings: The Johansen cointegration and multiple regression results indicate that all economic sectors have strong, positive and significant long-run and short-run relationship with economic growth during the study period in both countries. The result revealed that MNF giant is an engine for Chinese economic growth while agriculture took the lion-share for Ethiopian economy. The MNF has bi-directional Granger cause with economic growth, agriculture and SRV for China, while GDP and AGR are the only bi-directional Granger causes variables for Ethiopia. Implications: Therefore, from a policy perspective, Ethiopian policymakers need to formulate agro-processing industries to ensure the transformation of the AGR to the MNF as well as maintain inter-sectorial linkage and sustain the country’s economic growth.  

scholarly journals Monetary Policy and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Yimka S. A. Alalade ◽  
Ezekiel Oseni ◽  
Olusegun A. Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lending Rate ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Reserve Ratio

This study considered the influence of monetary policy on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study engaged the use of a time series data for 35 years, from the period 1984 to 2018; all deposit money banks as captured by the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2015) were considered. The effect of liquidity ratio, lending rate, loan to deposit ratio and cash reserve ratio were examined on the financial performance of deposit money banks measured by their net worth and total credits. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the result of stationarity test, the ordinary least square method and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag method were employed. A short run model of net worth and long run model for both the log of net worth and the log of total credits were estimated. The results revealed that the mean of net worth and total credits are 5455.27 and 79608.63 respectively. In the long run, monetary policy variables including liquidity ratio, lending rate, loans to deposit ratio and cash reserve ratio had no significant effect on the log of net worth. However in the short run, variations in the liquidity ratio, loans to deposit ratio and the cash reserve ratio for previous years had significant effect on the log of net worth in the current year. When financial performance is measured as total credits, the liquidity ratio and loans to deposit ratio had positive significant effect in the long run. The cash reserve ratio had a negative significant effect in the long run. The log of lending rate was insignificant in both the long and short run. The study concluded that monetary policy significantly explains the financial performance of deposit money banks both in the short and long run.

Impact of exchange rate and oil price on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk: Evidence from Malaysian capital market

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Huda Arshad ◽  
Ruhaini Muda ◽  
Ismah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Sovereign Bond ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the impact of exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk for Malaysian capital market. This study aims to ascertain the effect of weakening Malaysian Ringgit and declining of crude oil price on the fixed income investors in the emerging capital market. This study utilises daily time series data of Malaysian exchange rate, oil price and the yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk from year 2006 until 2015. The findings show that the weakening of exchange rate and oil prices contribute different impacts in the short and long run. In the short run, the exchange rate and oil prices does not have a direct relation with the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. However, in the long run, the result reveals that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. It is evident that only a unidirectional causality relation is present between exchange rate and oil price towards selected yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk. This study provides numerical and empirical insights on issues relating to capital market that supports public authorities and private institutions on their decision and policymaking process.

Transport infrastructure of the Rostov Oblast: Problems and prospects for development in the context of national projects implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1034
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Patrakeeva
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The paper considers national projects in the field of transport infrastructure, i.e. Safe and High-quality Roads and Comprehensive Plan for Modernization and Expansion of Trunk Infrastructure, and the specifics of their implementation in the Rostov Oblast. Objectives. The aim is to conduct a statistical assessment of the impact of transport infrastructure on the region’s economic performance and define prospects for and risks of the implementation of national infrastructure projects in conditions of a shrinking economy. Methods. I use available statistics and apply methods and approaches with time-series data, namely stationarity and cointegration tests, vector autoregression models. Results. The level of economic development has an impact on transport infrastructure in the short run. However, the mutual influence has not been statistically confirmed. The paper revealed that investments in the sphere of transport reduce risk of accidents on the roads of the Rostov Oblast. Improving the quality of roads with high traffic flow by reducing investments in the maintenance of subsidiary roads enables to decrease accident rate on the whole. Conclusions. In conditions of economy shrinking caused by the complex epidemiological situation and measures aimed at minimizing the spread of coronavirus, it is crucial to create a solid foundation for further economic recovery. At the government level, it is decided to continue implementing national projects as significant tools for recovery growth.

Fish Exports and Economic Growth: The Pakistan’s Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tehseen Jawaid ◽  
Mohammad Haris Siddiqui ◽  
Zeeshan Atiq ◽  
Usman Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study attempts to explore first time ever the relationship between fish exports and economic growth of Pakistan by employing annual time series data for the period 1974–2013. Autoregressive distributed lag and Johansen and Juselius cointegration results confirm the existence of a positive long-run relationship among the variables. Further, the error correction model reveals that no immediate or short-run relationship exists between fish exports and economic growth. Different sensitivity analyses indicate that initial results are robust. Rolling window analysis has been applied to identify the yearly behaviour of fish exports, and it remains negative from 1979 to 1982, 1984 to 1988, 1993 to 1999, 2004 and from 2010 to 2013, and it shows positive impact from 1989 to 1992, 2000 to 2003 and from 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, the variance decomposition method and impulse response function suggest the bidirectional causal relationship between fish exports and economic growth. The findings are beneficial for policymakers in the area of export planning. This study also provides some policy implications in the final section.

Does Public Debt Service Expenditure Crowd-Out Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from an African Developing Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Talknice Saungweme ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of public debt service on economic growth; and it provides an evidence-based approach to public policy formulation in Zimbabwe. The empirical analysis was performed by applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to annual time-series data from 1970 to 2017. The study findings reveal that the impact of public debt service on economic growth in Zimbabwe is negative in the short run but positive in the long run. The results are suggestive of the existence of a crowding-out effect of public debt service in Zimbabwe in the short run and a crowding-in effect in the long run. In view of these findings, the government should consider fiscal and financial policies that promote a constant supply of long-term finance, long-term fixed investments, and extension of a government securities maturity structure so as to ensure sustainable short- and long-term public debt service expenditures. The study further recommends the strengthening of non-distortionary revenue mobilisation reforms to reduce market distortions and boost domestic investment.

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