scholarly journals Nonlinear plasmonic imaging techniques and their biological applications

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjal Deka ◽  
Chi-Kuang Sun ◽  
Katsumasa Fujita ◽  
Shi-Wei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Minimal Invasiveness ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Coherent Raman ◽  
Nonlinear Imaging

AbstractNonlinear optics, when combined with microscopy, is known to provide advantages including novel contrast, deep tissue observation, and minimal invasiveness. In addition, special nonlinearities, such as switch on/off and saturation, can enhance the spatial resolution below the diffraction limit, revolutionizing the field of optical microscopy. These nonlinear imaging techniques are extremely useful for biological studies on various scales from molecules to cells to tissues. Nevertheless, in most cases, nonlinear optical interaction requires strong illumination, typically at least gigawatts per square centimeter intensity. Such strong illumination can cause significant phototoxicity or even photodamage to fragile biological samples. Therefore, it is highly desirable to find mechanisms that allow the reduction of illumination intensity. Surface plasmon, which is the collective oscillation of electrons in metal under light excitation, is capable of significantly enhancing the local field around the metal nanostructures and thus boosting up the efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions of the surrounding materials or of the metal itself. In this mini-review, we discuss the recent progress of plasmonics in nonlinear optical microscopy with a special focus on biological applications. The advancement of nonlinear imaging modalities (including incoherent/coherent Raman scattering, two/three-photon luminescence, and second/third harmonic generations that have been amalgamated with plasmonics), as well as the novel subdiffraction limit imaging techniques based on nonlinear behaviors of plasmonic scattering, is addressed.

scholarly journals Nonlinear imaging microscopy for assessing structural and photochemical modifications upon laser removal of dammar varnish on photosensitive substrates

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (34) ◽  
pp. 22836-22843 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oujja ◽  
S. Psilodimitrakopoulos ◽  
E. Carrasco ◽  
M. Sanz ◽  
A. Philippidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Uv Laser ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Nonlinear Imaging

Nonlinear optical microscopy imaging serves to characterize the in-depth morphological and photochemical modifications induced by pulsed UV laser removal of dammar varnish applied on a photosensitive substrate.

scholarly journals Nonlinear imaging of whispering gallery modes in GaN microwires

2021 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
Yury Berdnikov ◽  
Igor Shtrom ◽  
Maria Rozhavskaya ◽  
Wsevolod Lundin ◽  
Nicholas Hendricks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Whispering Gallery Modes ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Green Luminescence ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Microscopy ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Infrared Excitation ◽  
Nonlinear Imaging

Abstract In this work non-scanning far-field nonlinear optical microscopy is employed to study the whispering gallery modes in tapered GaN microwire resonators. We demonstrate the confinement of whispering gallery modes under near-infrared excitation with the photon energy close to half of GaN bandgap. Our results indicate the enhancement of yellow-green luminescence by whispering gallery modes in GaN microwires.

scholarly journals Biological applications of novel nonlinear optical microscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Shin'ichiro Kajiyama ◽  
Yasuyuki Ozeki ◽  
Kiichi Fukui ◽  
Kazuyoshi Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Image formation analysis of thick biological specimens using three-dimensional power-spectra of through focus series

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Karen F. Han
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Ewald Sphere ◽  
Nonlinear Imaging

The primary focus in our laboratory is the study of higher order chromatin structure using three dimensional electron microscope tomography. Three dimensional tomography involves the deconstruction of an object by combining multiple projection views of the object at different tilt angles, image intensities are not always accurate representations of the projected object mass density, due to the effects of electron-specimen interactions and microscope lens aberrations. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanism of image formation is important for interpreting the images. The image formation for thick biological specimens has been analyzed by using both energy filtering and Ewald sphere constructions. Surprisingly, there is a significant amount of coherent transfer for our thick specimens. The relative amount of coherent transfer is correlated with the relative proportion of elastically scattered electrons using electron energy loss spectoscopy and imaging techniques.Electron-specimen interactions include single and multiple, elastic and inelastic scattering. Multiple and inelastic scattering events give rise to nonlinear imaging effects which complicates the interpretation of collected images.

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Biodegradable Implants and Related Tissue Biomarkers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Leon Riehakainen ◽  
Chiara Cavallini ◽  
Paolo Armanetti ◽  
Daniele Panetta ◽  
Davide Caramella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Longitudinal Imaging

Non-invasive longitudinal imaging of osseointegration of bone implants is essential to ensure a comprehensive, physical and biochemical understanding of the processes related to a successful implant integration and its long-term clinical outcome. This study critically reviews the present imaging techniques that may play a role to assess the initial stability, bone quality and quantity, associated tissue remodelling dependent on implanted material, implantation site (surrounding tissues and placement depth), and biomarkers that may be targeted. An updated list of biodegradable implant materials that have been reported in the literature, from metal, polymer and ceramic categories, is provided with reference to the use of specific imaging modalities (computed tomography, positron emission tomography, ultrasound, photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging) suitable for longitudinal and non-invasive imaging in humans. The advantages and disadvantages of the single imaging modality are discussed with a special focus on preclinical imaging for biodegradable implant research. Indeed, the investigation of a new implant commonly requires histological examination, which is invasive and does not allow longitudinal studies, thus requiring a large number of animals for preclinical testing. For this reason, an update of the multimodal and multi-parametric imaging capabilities will be here presented with a specific focus on modern biomaterial research.

Two-photon fluorescence excitation and related techniques in biological microscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Diaspro ◽  
Giuseppe Chirico ◽  
Maddalena Collini
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Saturation Effects

1. Introduction 982. Historical background of two-photon effects 992.1 2PE 1002.2 Harmonic generation 1002.3 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 1003. Basic principles of two-photon excitation of fluorescent molecules and implications for microscopy and spectroscopy 1013.1 General considerations 1013.2 Fluorescence intensity under the 2PE condition 1033.3 Optical consequences of 2PE 1043.4 Saturation effects in 2PE 1083.5 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy 1093.5.1 Autocorrelation analysis 1103.5.2 Photon-counting histogram analysis 1124. Two-photon-excited probes 1155. Design considerations for a 2PE fluorescence microscope 1195.1 General aspects 1195.2 Descanned and non-descanned 2PE imaging 1215.3 Lens objectives and pulse broadening 1225.4 Laser sources 1255.5 Example of a practical realization 1276. Applications 1346.1 Biological applications of 2PE 1346.1.1 Brain images 1346.1.2 Applications on the kidney 1396.1.3 Mammalian embryos 1396.1.4 Applications to immuno-response 1416.1.5 Myocytes 1416.1.6 Retina 1426.1.7 DNA imaging 1436.1.8 FISH applications 1446.2 2PE imaging of single molecules 1446.3 FCS applications 1486.4 Signals from nonlinear interactions 1517. Conclusions 1538. Acknowledgements 1549. References 155This review is concerned with two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy (2PE) and related techniques, which are probably the most important advance in optical microscopy of biological specimens since the introduction of confocal imaging. The advent of 2PE on the scene allowed the design and performance of many unimaginable biological studies from the single cell to the tissue level, and even to whole animals, at a resolution ranging from the classical hundreds of nanometres to the single molecule size. Moreover, 2PE enabled long-term imaging of in vivo biological specimens, image generation from deeper tissue depth, and higher signal-to-noise images compared to wide-field and confocal schemes. However, due to the fact that up to this time 2PE can only be considered to be in its infancy, the advantages over other techniques are still being evaluated. Here, after a brief historical introduction, we focus on the basic principles of 2PE including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The major advantages and drawbacks of 2PE-based experimental approaches are discussed and compared to the conventional single-photon excitation cases. In particular we deal with the fluorescence brightness of most used dyes and proteins under 2PE conditions, on the optical consequences of 2PE, and the saturation effects in 2PE that mostly limit the fluorescence output. A complete section is devoted to the discussion of 2PE of fluorescent probes. We then offer a description of the central experimental issues, namely: choice of microscope objectives, two-photon excitable dyes and fluorescent proteins, choice of laser sources, and effect of the optics on 2PE sensitivity. An inevitably partial, but vast, overview of the applications and a large and up-to-date bibliography terminate the review. As a conclusive comment, we believe that 2PE and related techniques can be considered as a mainstay of the modern biophysical research milieu and a bright perspective in optical microscopy.

scholarly journals Implementation of spatial overlap modulation nonlinear optical microscopy using an electro-optic deflector

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Isobe ◽  
Hiroyuki Kawano ◽  
Akiko Kumagai ◽  
Atsushi Miyawaki ◽  
Katsumi Midorikawa
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Electro Optic
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