scholarly journals Captured by State and Church: Concerns about Civil Society in Democratic Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kover
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Civil Sector ◽  
Church Organizations

AbstractThis paper conceptualizes challenges and dangers that have impacted Hungary’s civil society (third sector, nonprofit sector, voluntary sector) over the past decade. The cases presented illustrate the fragility of both the civil sector and its underlying democracy in Hungary. The boundaries between state and nonprofits reveal pervasive paternalistic/cliental processes stemming from the period between the two world wars and pre-1989 experience of public–private relations and issue management. On the one hand, old regime strategies have survived and been maintained by the overt and unreflected dependency of the civil sector on the state. Secondly, the boundaries between church organizations and civil nonprofits present a politically mis(non)managed process that has resulted in a fading role of non-church NGOs in the field of social service. This process can be traced back to an unequal and biased treatment of service provider organizations in an allegedly sector-neutral environment. Both cases illuminate operations that have resulted in a significant dismantling of the civil sector and a consequent deterioration of democracy in Hungary.

Role of Non-Governmental Organizations on Rural Areas in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Anna Sitek
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The One

The idea of the civil society is characterized historically in the past and currently in modern times by on the one hand participation in civil organizations, and on the other hand the extent and form of social self-organization. Therefore, due to the fact that nowadays a more common occurrence is a tendency to express civil society in terms of non-governmental organizations. This article concentrates upon civil society in rural areas of Poland through the prism of NGOs. Therefore the aim of this paper is to describe the process of shaping the civil society in Poland’s rural areas.

Role of Non-Governmental Organizations on Rural Areas in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Anna Sitek
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The One

The idea of the civil society is characterized historically in the past and currently in modern times by on the one hand participation in civil organizations, and on the other hand the extent and form of social self-organization. Therefore, due to the fact that nowadays a more common occurrence is a tendency to express civil society in terms of non-governmental organizations. This article concentrates upon civil society in rural areas of Poland through the prism of NGOs. Therefore the aim of this paper is to describe the process of shaping the civil society in Poland’s rural areas.

scholarly journals Inferring recent evolutionary changes in speech sounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1824) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Moran ◽  
Nicholas A. Lester ◽  
Eitan Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we investigate evolutionarily recent changes in the distributions of speech sounds in the world's languages. In particular, we explore the impact of language contact in the past two millennia on today's distributions. Based on three extensive databases of phonological inventories, we analyse the discrepancies between the distribution of speech sounds of ancient and reconstructed languages, on the one hand, and those in present-day languages, on the other. Furthermore, we analyse the degree to which the diffusion of speech sounds via language contact played a role in these discrepancies. We find evidence for substantive differences between ancient and present-day distributions, as well as for the important role of language contact in shaping these distributions over time. Moreover, our findings suggest that the distributions of speech sounds across geographic macro-areas were homogenized to an observable extent in recent millennia. Our findings suggest that what we call the Implicit Uniformitarian Hypothesis, at least with respect to the composition of phonological inventories, cannot be held uncritically. Linguists who would like to draw inferences about human language based on present-day cross-linguistic distributions must consider their theories in light of even short-term language evolution. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reconstructing prehistoric languages’.

When Cultural Evolution Calls for Translation Revolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lopes Lourenço Hanes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The One

Given the massive changes that Brazil has undergone in the past century, particularly in distancing itself linguistically from its former colonizer, this study is an attempt to determine the role of translation in the country's cultural evolution. Translational approaches have developed along opposing poles: on the one hand, a strong resistance to incorporating orally-driven alterations in the written language, while on the other, a slow, halting movement toward convergence of the two, and both approaches are charged with political and ideological intentionality. Publishing houses, editors and translators are gatekeepers and agents whose activities provide a glimpse into the mechanism of national linguistic identity, either contributing to or resisting the myth of a homogenized Portuguese language.

scholarly journals THE GREAT AND THE GRAND: THE ROLES OF GREAT-GRANDPARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS IN MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S283-S284
Author(s):  
Emily Schuler ◽  
Cristina Maria de Souza Brito Dias
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Multigenerational Families ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The One

Abstract The increase of Human Aging has been observed rapidly in the whole world, as it has been in Brazil allowing the experience to live several roles within the family for a longer time. As a consequence, more multigenerational families emerge with a more vertical structure, formed by four or even five generations. While the oldest generation adds another generational role to their life, the one of great-grandparents, the youngest generation is born into an intergenerational network of relationships. There are various questions about the differences in the role of great-grandparents and grandparents, which motivated this present study. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the roles of great-grandparents and grandparents in the family and their intergenerational repercussions. Four families with for generations, totaling 16 participants. One member of each generation was interviewed, using a specific script, which was afterwards analyzed by the Thematic Content Analysis. The results pointed out that both great-grandparents and grandparents have distinct roles that are constructed around the needs of the family; both figures provide emotional and material support to the family; both roles have transgenerational importance in the transmission of family legacies, which are related to faith, solidarity, education and order. It can also be said that the great-grandparents can be compared to the grandparents of the past, as the grandparents can be assimilated to the parents of older days. It is hoped that this research contributes to the visibility of these two generations and to sensitize professionals about this theme.

Bilingual Education

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Western World ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Language Spread ◽  
The One

In the past two decades bilingual education has become an educational movement and a field of academic inquiry of remarkable growth throughout the world. At first glance this appears to be the outcome of the increasingly hegemonic role of a few languages like English in the western world and countries economically affiliated to it, Russian in the multilingual republics of the Soviet Union, and Putonghua in the People's Republic of China. But a closer look at the first of these areas—the one better known to us—shows how complex the dynamics of language spread and language change are in diverse sociopolitical contexts.

Neuropsychological Investigations of Human Amnesia: Insights Into the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobes in Cognition

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 732-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Verfaellie ◽  
Margaret M. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The One

AbstractThe past 30 years of research on human amnesia has yielded important changes in our understanding of the role of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in memory. On the one hand, this body of evidence has highlighted that not all types of memory are impaired in patients with MTL lesions. On the other hand, this research has made apparent that the role of the MTL extends beyond the domain of long-term memory, to include working memory, perception, and future thinking. In this article, we review the discoveries and controversies that have characterized this literature and that set the stage for a new conceptualization of the role of the MTL in cognition. This shift toward a more nuanced understanding of MTL function has direct relevance for a range of clinical disorders in which the MTL is implicated, potentially shaping not only theoretical understanding but also clinical practice. (JINS, 2017, 23, 732–740)

The Role of the Learned Man in Government

1958 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Nitze
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One

In the context of government, what do we mean by the phrase “a learned man”?* I take it we can mean a variety of things. On the one hand, we can have in mind the specialist, the expert, the man with an intensive and specialized background in a particular field of knowledge. On the other hand, we can have in mind the man with general wisdom, with that feeling for the past and the future which enriches a sense for the present, and with that appreciation for wider loyalties which deepens patriotism to one's country and finds bonds between it and Western culture and links with the universal aspirations of mankind.

scholarly journals Europejskie sieci współpracy kulturalnej: zmiana paradygmatu politycznego?

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (297) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Bożena Gierat-Bieroń
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Cultural Networks

The article attempts to answer the question on the role of social and cultural networks of international cooperation in contemporary Europe. The processes of European integration facilitated the creation of networking relations between cultural organs in various member states. The four freedoms of a single market (the free movement of people, goods, services and capital) supported the internationalization and Europeization of public sectors, shaped the cultural exchange and built a European civil society. At least since the 1970s, the European Economic Community/European Union led the policy of encouraging cultural operators to network and assigned European funds to support this goal. At this moment, we deal with nurtured and lasting forms of international cooperation between public entities in Europe. The civil society is also gaining more power. Because of the noticed re-nationalization or the trendy concept of returning to the “Europe of homelands” and countries closing themselves because of economic and political particularities, several research questions are bound to arise. The most crucial one regards the depletion of the apolitical paradigm of civil activities and its possible – unintentional yet inescapable – politicization of the so-called third sector.

scholarly journals Eyewitnesses of History

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Paolo Simoni
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Home Movies ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Amateur Film

The role of amateur cinema as archival material in Italian media productions has only recently been discovered. Italy, as opposed to other European countries, lacked a local, regional and national policy for the collection and preservation of private audiovisual documents, which led, as a result, to the inaccessibility of the sources. In 2002 the Archivio Nazionale del Film di Famiglia (Italy’s Amateur Film Archive), founded in Bologna by the Home Movies Association, became the reference repository of home movies and amateur cinema, promoting the availability of a cultural heritage that had previously been neglected. Today, it preserves about 5,000 hours of footage, contributes to documentary film productions and acts as a cultural and production center. The impact factor of the Home Movies Archive on the Italian audiovisual scenario and the sustainable perspectives strengthen the awareness that amateur film offers new opportunities to discover and represent the past from a different perspective, the one of an eyewitness “from below”. The article overviews the European and Italian discovery of amateur cinema as historical source from the seventies, and some cases from the Italian panorama during the last fifteen years, which powerfully raised the attention on home movies and amateur archive material.

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