Bitonal pitch accent and phonological alignment in Sardinian

Abstract This study presents new data on pitch accent alignment in Sardinian, a Romance language spoken in Italy. We propose that what has been described as “stress shift” in encliticization processes is not a change in the word level stress, but variation in the association of the pitch accent. Our claim is that word level stress remains in situ, and the falling tune which our data exhibit can be interpreted as a bitonal pitch accent (HL*) associated with the entire verb + enclitic unit: the starred tone is associated with the rightmost metrically prominent syllable, and the leading tone is associated with the word-level stressed syllable. The research questions we address are twofold: (i) how are the landing sites of the two tonal targets phonetically identified; (ii) how are the phonetic facts reconciled with prosodic structure.

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Factors Influencing Cognate Performance for Young Multilingual Children's Vocabulary: A Research Synthesis

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 2170-2188

Author(s):

Lindsey R. Squires ◽

Sara J. Ohlfest ◽

Kristen E. Santoro ◽

Jennifer L. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Test Validity ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Bilingual Children ◽

Second Grade ◽

High Quality Research ◽

Word Level ◽

Research Questions ◽

Word Characteristics ◽

Study Inclusion ◽

Task Level

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to determine evidence of a cognate effect for young multilingual children (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months], preschool to second grade) in terms of task-level and child-level factors that may influence cognate performance. Cognates are pairs of vocabulary words that share meaning with similar phonology and/or orthography in more than one language, such as rose – rosa (English–Spanish) or carrot – carotte (English–French). Despite the cognate advantage noted with older bilingual children and bilingual adults, there has been no systematic examination of the cognate research in young multilingual children. Method We conducted searches of multiple electronic databases and hand-searched article bibliographies for studies that examined young multilingual children's performance with cognates based on study inclusion criteria aligned to the research questions. Results The review yielded 16 articles. The majority of the studies (12/16, 75%) demonstrated a positive cognate effect for young multilingual children (measured in higher accuracy, faster reaction times, and doublet translation equivalents on cognates as compared to noncognates). However, not all bilingual children demonstrated a cognate effect. Both task-level factors (cognate definition, type of cognate task, word characteristics) and child-level factors (level of bilingualism, age) appear to influence young bilingual children's performance on cognates. Conclusions Contrary to early 1990s research, current researchers suggest that even young multilingual children may demonstrate sensitivity to cognate vocabulary words. Given the limits in study quality, more high-quality research is needed, particularly to address test validity in cognate assessments, to develop appropriate cognate definitions for children, and to refine word-level features. Only one study included a brief instruction prior to assessment, warranting cognate treatment studies as an area of future need. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12753179

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Simple metathesis in loanword phonology: the Arabic-Romance language contact

Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie (ZrP) ◽

10.1515/zrp-2020-0057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 136 (4) ◽

pp. 1049-1084

Author(s):

Yvonne Kiegel-Keicher

Keyword(s):

Structural Change ◽

Language Contact ◽

Syllable Structure ◽

Stressed Syllable ◽

Romance Language ◽

Syllable Weight ◽

Systematic Process ◽

Loanword Phonology

AbstractSimple metathesis can be found in numerous Ibero-Romance arabisms compared with their Andalusi Arabic etyma. The analysis of a corpus of Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan arabisms illustrates its effects on syllable structure and syllable weight. It can be shown that Arabic-Romance simple metathesis constitutes a motivated structural change that provides for typologically unmarked syllable weight relations within the word. After the resyllabification it entails the involved unstressed syllables no longer excede the stressed syllable in weight. However, it is not an obligatory, systematic process, but merely an optional tendency, which corresponds to the universal tendency expressed by the Weight Law.

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INVESTIGATION OF BIAXIAL ELASTIC MODULUS AND CTE OF BaTiO3 FILMS

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s021797920903876x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (24) ◽

pp. 4933-4941

Author(s):

GUI-FANG HUANG ◽

WEI-QING HUANG ◽

LING-LING WANG ◽

ZHONG XIE ◽

BING-SUO ZOU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elastic Modulus ◽

Thermal Cycle ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Stress Measurement ◽

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽

Bulk Material ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Scanning Method ◽

As Stress

To develop high-quality film device with good reliability, it is often essential to be able to evaluate the parameters such as stress, the biaxial elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of film. Based on the stress measurement in situ during the thermal cycle by laser scanning method, two techniques were used to measure the biaxial elastic modulus and CTE of BaTiO 3 films deposited on substrate. The value of the biaxial elastic modulus and CTE for BaTiO 3 films determined from two methods is close, in which the biaxial elastic modulus of BaTiO 3 films is higher than that of corresponding bulk while the CTE of BaTiO 3 films is a little smaller than that of bulk material.

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Génération automatique de la structure prosodique en français

Journal of Speech Sciences ◽

10.20396/joss.v7i2.15002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 79-91

Author(s):

Philippe Martin

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Automatic Segmentation ◽

Prosodic Structure ◽

Automatic Annotation ◽

Structure Form ◽

Stressed Syllable ◽

Automated Process ◽

Dependency Relations ◽

Phonological Rules

An automated process for building a prosodic structure form transcribed speech recordings in French is presented, based on the incremental prosodic model [1, 2, 3]. In this model, the prosodic structure is defined incrementally by dependency relations instantiated by melodic contours located on the last syllable of the last word of stress groups, subject to a rhythmic constrain limiting the gap between successive stressed syllable to a 250-1250 ms range. Although they frequently contain lexical words (noun, verb, adverb, adjective), stress groups in French can also include only grammatical words (pronoun, conjunction, preposition). Melodic contours are phonologically defined from their melodic rise or fall and their glissando value ensuring their function as dependency markers between stress groups. The algorithm proceeds from an orthographic transcription as follows: 1. Automatic segmentation of the orthographic text into IPA and word tiers 2. Automatic annotation of stressed vowels in three classes (followed by 250 ms silence, above the glissando threshold and lexical category based) 3. Assignment of melodic contours from fundamental frequency values at stressed vowels boundaries. Comparisons with automatic and manual stressed syllable annotation on existing corpora are given, showing the validity of the phonological rules implemented in the algorithm.

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Documenting the Ikpana interrogative system

Journal of African Languages and Linguistics ◽

10.1515/jall-2021-2016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 63-100

Author(s):

Jason Kandybowicz ◽

Bertille Baron Obi ◽

Philip T. Duncan ◽

Hironori Katsuda

Keyword(s):

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Left Periphery ◽

Long Distance ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Endangered Language ◽

Research Questions ◽

Volta Region ◽

Movement Asymmetry ◽

Syntactic Properties

Abstract This article provides a comprehensive treatment of the interrogative system of Ikpana (ISO 639-3: lgq), an endangered language spoken in the southeastern part of Ghana’s Volta region. The article features a description and analysis of both the morphosyntax and intonation of questions in the language. Polar questions in Ikpana are associated with dedicated prosodic patterns and may be segmentally marked. As for wh- interrogatives, Ikpana allows for optional wh- movement. Interrogative expressions may appear clause-internally in their base-generated positions or in the left periphery followed by one of two optionally droppable particles with distinct syntactic properties. In this way, wh- movement structures are either focus-marked constructions or cleft structures depending on the accompanying particle. We identify an interesting wh- movement asymmetry – unlike all other wh- movement structures, ‘how’ questions may not be formed via the focus-marked or cleft strategy. We document a number of other attested wh- structures in the language, including long-distance wh- movement, partial wh- movement, long-distance wh- in-situ, and multiple wh- questions. We argue that by allowing our documentation efforts to be shaped and guided by theoretically driven research questions, we reach deeper levels of description than would have been possible if approached from a purely descriptive-documentary perspective.

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The prosodic structure and pitch accent of Northern Kyungsang Korean

Journal of East Asian Linguistics ◽

10.1007/s10831-006-9000-2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 289-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jongho Jun ◽

Jungsun Kim ◽

Hayoung Lee ◽

Sun-Ah Jun

Keyword(s):

Pitch Accent ◽

Prosodic Structure

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Prosodic strengthening in reference to the lexical pitch accent system in South Kyungsang Korean

The Linguistic Review ◽

10.1515/tlr-2018-2008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 85-115

Author(s):

Taehong Cho ◽

Dong Jin Kim ◽

Sahyang Kim

Keyword(s):

Initial Position ◽

Higher Order ◽

Pitch Accent ◽

Prosodic Structure ◽

Strengthening Effect ◽

Low Level ◽

Phonological Contrast ◽

Structural Modulation ◽

Low Tone ◽

Phonetic Realization

Abstract Theories of the phonetics-prosody interface suggest that prosodic strengthening that arises with prosodic structuring is not simply a low-level phonetic phenomenon, but it serves as a phonetic hallmark of a higher-order prosodic structure in reference to linguistic (phonological) contrast. The present study builds on this theoretical premise by examining acoustic realization of the phonological tonal contrast in the lexical pitch accent system of South Kyungsang (SK) Korean. Results showed that phonetic realization of F0 and the degree of glottalization (as reflected in spectral tilt measures such as H1-A1c and H1-A3c) of vowels in vowel-initial words were systematically modulated by the higher-order prosodic structure, and that the prosodic-structural modulation gave rise to distinct prosodic strengthening effects as a function of the source of prosodic strengthening. In particular, the prominence-induced strengthening (due to focus) entailed a phonetic polarizing effect on the F0 contrast in a way that enhances the phonological High vs. Low tone contrast. The boundary-induced strengthening effect, on the other hand, could be better understood as enhancing the phonetic clarity of prosodic junctures. The distinct prosodic strengthening effects were further evident in the way that glottalization was fine-tuned according to prosodic structure and phonological (tonal) contrast. Prosodic strengthening effects were also found to interact with intrinsic vowel height, implying that the low-level phonetic effect may be under speaker control in reference to higher-order prosodic and phonological contrast systems of the language. Finally, the results informed a theoretical debate regarding whether the Low tone that contrasts with the High tone in word-initial position should be considered lexically specified vs. post-lexical assigned.

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Micron-Scale Deformation: A Coupled In Situ Study of Strain Bursts and Acoustic Emission

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927617012594 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1076-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ádám István Hegyi ◽

Péter Dusán Ispánovity ◽

Michal Knapek ◽

Dániel Tüzes ◽

Kristián Máthis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Acoustic Emission ◽

Focused Ion Beam ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Data Sampling ◽

Deformation Curves ◽

High Data ◽

Excellent Control ◽

As Stress

AbstractPlastic deformation of micron-scale crystalline materials differs considerably from bulk samples as it is characterized by stochastic strain bursts. To obtain a detailed picture of the intermittent deformation phenomena, numerous micron-sized specimens must be fabricated and tested. An improved focused ion beam fabrication method is proposed to prepare non-tapered micropillars with excellent control over their shape. Moreover, the fabrication time is less compared with other methods. The in situ compression device developed in our laboratory allows high-accuracy sample positioning and force/displacement measurements with high data sampling rates. The collective avalanche-like motion of the dislocations is observed as stress decreases on the stress–strain curves. An acoustic emission (AE) technique was employed for the first time to study the deformation behavior of micropillars. The AE technique provides important additional in situ information about the underlying processes during plastic deformation and is especially sensitive to the collective avalanche-like motion of the dislocations observed as the stress decreases on the deformation curves.

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Intonation in Palenquero

Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages ◽

10.1075/jpcl.23.1.02hua ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

José Ignacio Hualde ◽

Armin Schwegler

Keyword(s):

Final Section ◽

Equatorial Guinea ◽

Strong Tendency ◽

Lexical Tone ◽

Stressed Syllable ◽

Word Level ◽

Caribbean Spanish ◽

History Of ◽

Final Syllable ◽

Published Research

The least understood aspect of Palenquero phonology is its intonational system. This is a serious gap, as it is precisely in the realm of prosody that the most striking phonological differences between Palenquero and (Caribbean) Spanish are apparent. Although several authors have speculated that African influence may be at the source of Palenquero’s peculiar intonation, to date published research offers no detailed information about the intonation of the creole. The goal of this study is to remedy this situation. Here we identify several specific intonational features where conservative (or older-generation) Palenquero differs from (Caribbean) Spanish. One of these features is a strong tendency to use invariant word-level contours, with a H tone on the stressed syllable and L tones on unstressed syllables, in all sentential contexts, including prenuclear positions. A second feature that we have identified is the use of a sustained phrase-final high or mid level contour in declaratives accented on the final syllable, and a long fall in declaratives accented on the penult. The final section addresses the issue of the possible origin of these intonational features. We point out similarities with Equatorial Guinea Spanish and conclude that, at some point in the history of Palenquero, the Spanish prosodic system was interpreted as involving lexical tone, in conformity with claims in the literature regarding several Atlantic creoles.

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