scholarly journals UV-Vis spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Picollo ◽  
Maurizio Aceto ◽  
Tatiana Vitorino
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Short Time

Abstract UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used as a non-invasive method for the study of cultural heritage materials for several decades. In particular, FORS, introduced in the 1980s, allows to acquire hundreds of reflectance spectra in situ in a short time, contributing to the identification of artist’s materials. More recently, microspectrofluorimetry has also been proposed as a powerful non-invasive method for the identification of dyes and lake pigments that provides high sensitivity and selectivity. In this chapter, the concepts behind these spectroscopic methodologies will be discussed, as well as the instrumentation and measurement modes used. Case studies related with different cultural heritage materials (paintings and manuscripts, textiles, carpets and tapestries, glass, metals, and minerals), which show the usefulness of UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy and microspectrofluorimetry applied to the study of artworks, will also be presented.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Nanorods-Based Sensor Array for Selective Detection of Biomarker Gases

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Gwang Su Kim ◽  
Yumin Park ◽  
Joonchul Shin ◽  
Young Geun Song ◽  
Chong-Yun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Breath Gas Analysis ◽  
Angle Method

The breath gas analysis through gas phase chemical analysis draws attention in terms of non-invasive and real time monitoring. The array-type sensors are one of the diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and selectivity towards the target gases. Herein, we presented a 2 × 4 sensor array with a micro-heater and ceramic chip. The device is designed in a small size for portability, including the internal eight-channel sensor array. In2O3 NRs and WO3 NRs manufactured through the E-beam evaporator’s glancing angle method were used as sensing materials. Pt, Pd, and Au metal catalysts were decorated for each channel to enhance functionality. The sensor array was measured for the exhaled gas biomarkers CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S to confirm the respiratory diagnostic performance. Through this operation, the theoretical detection limit was calculated as 1.48 ppb for CH3COCH3, 1.9 ppt for NO2, and 2.47 ppb for H2S. This excellent detection performance indicates that our sensor array detected the CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S as biomarkers, applying to the breath gas analysis. Our results showed the high potential of the gas sensor array as a non-invasive diagnostic tool that enables real-time monitoring.

scholarly journals Modern Methods for Assessment of the Implantation Potential of Embryos in Assisted Reproductive Programs

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G.V. Savostina ◽  
◽  
S.G. Perminova ◽  
A.V. Timofeeva ◽  
M.A. Veyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Aneuploidy Testing

Objective of the Review: To analyse the modern methods for assessment of the implantation potential of embryos in assisted reproductive programs. Key Points. We present the study results for selection of a most optimal embryo for transfer, using visual assessment of embryo quality, preimplantation genetic aneuploidy testing, analysis of metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic profiles of culture media and embryo blastocele. We have paid special attention to assessment of small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) in embryo culture medium. Conclusion. Due to the high sensitivity, objectivity and biomarker resistance to degradation, the most promising non-invasive method to assess the implantation potential of an embryo is analysis of the sncRNA profile in embryo culture media. Keywords: aneuploidy, pre-implantation genetic testing, small non-coding RNAs, proteomic analysis, metabolomic analysis.

scholarly journals On-line liquid quench sampling and UV-Vis spectroscopy for tar measurements in wood gasification process gases

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Edinger
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
On Line ◽  
Process Gases ◽  
Analytical Tools

In biomass gasification processes, the formation and handling of tars are of major concern. Robust and versatile analytical tools are needed to on-line monitor tar compound concentrations in process gases from lab- to industrial scale. This study addresses the development and application of an on-line UV-Vis method, based on a liquid quench sampling system. The high sensitivity of this method allows to detect UV-Vis active tar compounds in the low ppmv region. Recorded spectra from the liquid phase were analyzed for their tar composition by means of a classical least squares (CLS) and partial least squares (PLS) approach. The developed method was applied to two case studies, involving a lab-scale tar reformer and a pilot-scale gas scrubber. Quantification results in gases with limited complexity in tar composition showed good agreement with off-line reference methods (GC-FID). The case studies show that the developed method is a rapid, sensitive tool that can be applied for qualitative process monitoring with the added benefit of quantification in gases with a limited number of tar compounds.

scholarly journals An enzyme-free molecular catalytic device: dynamically self-assembled DNA dendrimers for in situ imaging of microRNAs in live cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Yue ◽  
Xinyue Song ◽  
Weiling Song ◽  
Sai Bi
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Catalytic Hairpin Assembly ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
In Situ Imaging

Branched catalytic hairpin assembly is proposed for dynamic self-assembly of DNA dendrimers for signal amplification and in situ imaging of microRNAs in live cells with high sensitivity and selectivity.

DIAGNOSING HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE IN CHILDREN: A MULTICENTER RESEARCH TRIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
D.A. Morozov ◽  
◽  
E.S. Pimenova ◽  
I.V. Poddoubnyi ◽  
M.Y. Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Manometry ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Group A ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a congenital absence of nerve cells (ganglions) in a segment of the intestinal wall, leading to its obstruction. Diagnosis of BG in children is a labor-intensive process, on which surgical treatment tactics depend. The concentration of patients in large surgical centers with equipped diagnostic departments makes it possible to develop the most adequate examination plan while minimizing the risk of diagnostic errors. The aim of the study was to analyze methods for diagnosis of HD in children; a retrospective analysis of the records of patients hospitalized in three medical organizations in Moscow (n=201) in 2017–2019 was carried out. The first group – children with confirmed diagnosis (n=152), the second group – patients with suspicion of BG with unsatisfactory results of previous operative treatment, postoperative complications (n=49). Results: in the 1st group, irrigography was performed before hospitalization in 118 patients (77,6%). In the hospitals, irrigography was performed (repeated) for 109 (71,7%) children. 25 (16,4%) patients showed discrepancies in interpretation of the results. Thus, irrigography was applied to all patients. Intestine biopsy before hospitalization was performed in 79 patients (52%), in the hospitals – performed/repeated in 50 patients (32,9%). There were discrepancies in the interpretation of histological findings in 8 patients (18,6 per cent). Thus, in the diagnosis of HD in children, biopsies were used (before hospitalization and/or during hospitalization) in 89 patients (58,6%). Anorectal manometry was performed to 3 (2%) children. In the 2nd group a histological examination was performed (before and during hospitalization) in 41 patients (84%), anorectal manometry – in 15 patients (31%), irrigography – in all children. Correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between the HD variant and manifestation symptoms (Spearman's correlation coefficient was –0,232 at p<0,05. Conclusion: all medical teams began examining children with suspected HD with irrigography. Various intestinal biopsies were performed in 58,6% of cases. Anorectal manometry is currently practically not used in the diagnosis of HD in children, although it is a promising non-invasive method with high sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Smart Portable Devices Suitable for Cultural Heritage: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Valentini ◽  
Andrea Calcaterra ◽  
Simonetta Antonaroli ◽  
Maurizio Talamo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Portable Sensor ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Contact Sensors

This article reviews recent portable sensor technologies to apply in the Cultural Heritage (CH) fields. The review has been prepared in the form of a retrospective description of the sensor’s history and technological evolution, having: new nanomaterials for transducers, miniaturized, portable and integrated sensors, the wireless transmission of the analytical signals, ICT_Information Communication Technology and IoT_Internet of Things to apply to the cultural heritage field. In addition, a new trend of movable tattoo sensors devices is discussed, referred to in situ analysis, which is especially important when scientists are in the presence of un-movable and un-tangible Cultural Heritage and Art Work objects. The new proposed portable contact sensors (directly applied to art work objects and surfaces) are non-invasive and non-destructive to the different materials and surfaces of which cultural heritage is composed.

scholarly journals Isatin as a simple, highly selective and sensitive colorimetric sensor for fluoride anion

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeem Haider ◽  
Mukhtiar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fluoride Anion ◽  
Base Interaction ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Sensitive Sensor ◽  
Acid Base Interaction

AbstractHerein, we report the fluoride anion sensing properties of a commercially available and inexpensive organic compound, isatin, which is found to be a highly selective and sensitive sensor. In naked-eye experiments, by addition of fluoride anions, isatin shows a dramatic color change from pale yellow to violet at room temperature, while the addition of other anions, i.e. $\mathrm{Cl}^-,$$\mathrm{Br}^-,\mathrm I^-,\mathrm{ClO}_4^-,{\mathrm H}_2\mathrm{PO}_4^-\,\mathrm{and}\,\mathrm{PF}_6^-,$did not induce any colour change. Additionally, recognition and titration studies have also been done through UV/Vis spectroscopy. Isatin displayed a new absorption band at 533 nm after the addition of fluoride anions, which is presumably due to acid-base interaction between isatin and fluoride anions, while other anions did not trigger noticeable spectral changes. The detection limit was observed to be 0.367 ppm. DFT calculations were also performed to further explain the behavior of receptor 1 towards the Fˉ anion. Owing to high sensitivity and selectivity, isatin can be useful in the detection of biologically or environmentally important fluoride anions at very low concentration.

Examples of the Use of Non-Invasive Techniques for the Evaluation of Stone Decay in Portugal

2013 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia Dionísio ◽  
Edite Martinho ◽  
Carlos Grangeia ◽  
Fernando Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Stone Decay ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Damage Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Today experts agree that precise damage diagnosis is the key to comprehensive characterization, interpretation, rating and prediction of stone damage. It provides vital information for monument conservation and sustainable preservation. Better understanding of the stones used in monuments and the factors, processes and characteristics involved in stone decay is therefore essential to the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage. A frequent and major obstacle to studying stone decay in monuments is the impossibility of touching or obtaining samples for study in the laboratory or even in-situ. The aim of this paper is to present the results of three non-invasive geophysical (3-D electrical resistivity and seismic refraction) and geochemical (soluble salts typology and distribution) techniques, that were used to diagnose stone damage in case studies involving Portuguese cultural heritage. Different techniques were applied based on decay typology or observed phenomena.

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