scholarly journals Smart Portable Devices Suitable for Cultural Heritage: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Valentini ◽  
Andrea Calcaterra ◽  
Simonetta Antonaroli ◽  
Maurizio Talamo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Portable Sensor ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Contact Sensors

This article reviews recent portable sensor technologies to apply in the Cultural Heritage (CH) fields. The review has been prepared in the form of a retrospective description of the sensor’s history and technological evolution, having: new nanomaterials for transducers, miniaturized, portable and integrated sensors, the wireless transmission of the analytical signals, ICT_Information Communication Technology and IoT_Internet of Things to apply to the cultural heritage field. In addition, a new trend of movable tattoo sensors devices is discussed, referred to in situ analysis, which is especially important when scientists are in the presence of un-movable and un-tangible Cultural Heritage and Art Work objects. The new proposed portable contact sensors (directly applied to art work objects and surfaces) are non-invasive and non-destructive to the different materials and surfaces of which cultural heritage is composed.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF WEATHERING DAMAGE ON STONE MONUMENTS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Jürgen Fitzner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Damage Diagnosis ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract: Stone monuments represent an important part of our world´s cultural heritage. The awareness of increasing stone damage on monuments and the danger of irretrievable loss of cultural heritage have resulted in great efforts worldwide for sustainable monument preservation. A precise damage diagnosis with the comprehensive characterization, interpretation and rating of stone damage represents the basis for effective and economic monument preservation measures. The experienced methodological approach to the assessment of stone damage combines in situ investigation and laboratory studies. The monument mapping method is presented as an established non-destructive procedure for in situ studies on stone damage. It can be applied to all stone types and to all kinds of stone monuments. The use of weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices for the registration, documentation, quantitative evaluation and rating of stone damage is explained. Furthermore, complementary in situ measurements are discussed. A wide range of analytical procedures and weathering simulation tests contribute to modern damage diagnosis on stone monuments.Keywords: damage, stone, monumentsResumo: INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE DANOS DO INTEMPERISMO PARA MONUMENTOS EM PEDRA. Os monumentos em pedra representam uma parte importante do patrimônio cultural do mundo. A consciência do aumento dos danos causados ao material pétreo nesses monumentos e o perigo de perda irrecuperável desse património resultaram em grandes esforços a nível mundial para a preservação sustentável desses monumentos. Um diagnóstico preciso de danos com a caracterização, interpretação e avaliação abrangentes desses danos causados às pedras representa a base para a adoção de medidas de conservação eficazes e econômicas. A abordagem metodológica a ser adotada para a avaliação desses danos deve combinar a investigação in situ e estudos laboratoriais. Nessa abordagem o mapeamento de monumentos é apresentado como um procedimento não destrutivo estabelecido para os estudos in situ sobre danos causados às pedras, podendo ser aplicado a todos os tipos de pedra e a todos os tipos de monumentos construídos com a pedra. Nesse trabalho, o uso de formas de intemperismo, categorias de danos e índices de danos para o registro, documentação, avaliação quantitativa e classificação de danos para a pedra é explicado. Além disso, discutem-se medidas complementares a serem adotadas in situ. Uma ampla gama de procedimentos analíticos e testes de simulação de meteorização contribuem para o diagnóstico de danos modernos em monumentos construídos em pedra.Palavras Chave: dano, pedra, monumentos

scholarly journals Espectroscopia Raman e a Ciência do Patrimônio: aspectos gerais e panorama atual na América do Sul

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Dalva Lucia Araujo Faria
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
South American ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inelastic Light Scattering ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
American Research ◽  
Non Destructive

As últimas décadas tem presenciado um crescente aumento no uso de métodos físico-químicos de análise de bens culturais. Algumas dessas técnicas tem se mostrado particularmente úteis pelo caráter não invasivo e não destrutivo que apresentam e, dentre elas, a espectroscopia Raman apresenta posição de destaque. Neste artigo, essas características da técnica são detalhadas, bem como são apresentados os fundamentos teóricos do espalhamento inelástico de luz e discutidos alguns aspectos práticos de sua utilização. Finalmente, é apresentado um levantamento detalhado dos grupos de pesquisa da América do Sul, voltados ao estudo de bens culturais, que tem se utilizado dessa ferramenta analítica e em qual tipo de questionamentos vem sendo aplicada. Abstract: The last decades have witnessed an ever growing increase in the usage of physico-chemical methods to investigate cultural heritage problems. Some of these techniques are proving to be particularly useful in such a context, due to their non-invasive and non-destructive nature; among them, Raman spectroscopy occupies a prominent position. In this paper, such characteristics of the technique are detailed and the physical basis of inelastic light scattering are presented, together with some practical aspects of its applications. Finally, it is here offered a detailed survey in the literature on the South American research groups devoted to the investigation of cultural heritage issues who are using Raman spectroscopy, and the type of interrogation carried on. 

Non-Destructive Testing for Assessing Structural Damage and Interventions Effectiveness for Built Cultural Heritage Protection

2015 ◽  
pp. 448-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia I. Moropoulou ◽  
Kyriakos C. Labropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Residual Properties ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Correlate Data

Non-destructive techniques - NDT are used in the field of built cultural heritage protection, as they are applied in-situ and do not require destructive sampling. Infrared thermography is used for materials/decay mapping, assesses the compatibility and effectiveness of restoration materials and interventions, and reveals moisture transfer phenomena within structures. Ultrasonic testing assesses the residual properties of historic materials, reveals the decay layers and evaluates the effectiveness of consolidation treatments. Ground penetrating radar reveals the internal structure of masonries, identifies and locates subsurface voids, structural cracks and incontinuities. Portable imaging systems, in conjunction with digital image processing, are used for in-situ materials characterization, and for the study of the decay typologies. Data management systems correlate data from NDTs, from other methods and from seismic/environmental impact assessment analyses to evaluate the preservation state of a historic structure and to plan interventions.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Moisture Detection for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Barone ◽  
Carlotta Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Moisture Detection ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

Moisture damage is the most critical issue regarding the preservation and integrity of cultural heritage sites. The electromagnetic (EM) sensitivity to the presence of moisture, in both soils and structural materials, is a well-known phenomenon. Thereby, studying the EM response to the presence of moisture, in order to prevent the damages done to sites of cultural heritage, is a well-established method. This paper will discuss the ability of a geophysical non-destructive technique (NDT), present in a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system, to investigate a very precious building in Rome that is affected by a moisture problem (the Turkish Room at Villa Medici). This geophysical instrument is able to locate and estimate the extent of water ingression, which can aid in the development of restoration plans before permanent damage occurs. The main objective of this paper is to help restorers understand the related hazards, due to the presence of moisture in the wall structures, in real-time and to rapidly and non-invasively develop strategies for the preservation of cultural heritage sites.

scholarly journals An imaging and spectroscopic methodology for in situ analysis of ceiling and wall decorations in Colonial missions in Northern Mexico from XVII to XVIII centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Casanova-González ◽  
Miguel Ángel Maynez-Rojas ◽  
Alejandro Mitrani ◽  
Isaac Rangel-Chávez ◽  
María Angélica García-Bucio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Almost three hundred Spanish colonial missions—or their remains—are scattered over the vast state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. A few of them still display painted decorations on the wood ceilings and walls. The decorated areas vary greatly, from the whole ceiling of the main aisle to just a few square meters in a lateral chapel, and so does the conservation state of the paintings. In this context, the information regarding the paintings’ composition plays a key role in the restoration and conservation processes. For the gathering of such information, we propose a combined methodology for a fast, non-destructive and non-invasive characterization of such paintings with a minimum of techniques. This methodology includes false color infrared imaging as a first approach to determine the composition of large areas of the paintings and the homogeneity of the materials used in the painted areas, followed by small area analysis by X-ray fluorescence and fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy. This methodology was applied to characterize the elemental and molecular composition of the decorations for four missions in Chihuahua in a fast and specific manner, revealing the use of a mix of mineral and organic materials including indigo and cochineal, and detecting differences between the missions. The methodology presented here can be easily applied for the study of a wider number of missions in Chihuahua and other regions to provide outstanding information of materials, pictorial techniques and deterioration conditions.

scholarly journals Decay detection in an ancient column with combined close-range photogrammetry (CRP) and ultrasonic tomography.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Casula ◽  
Silvana Fais ◽  
Francesco Cuccuru ◽  
Maria Giovanna Bianchi ◽  
Paola Ligas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Close Range Photogrammetry ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

<p>The diagnosis of the conservation state of monumental structures from constraints to the spatial distribution of their physical properties on shallow and inner materials represents one of the key objectives in the application of non-invasive techniques. <em>In situ</em>, CRP and 3D ultrasonic tomography can provide an effective coverage of stone materials in space and time. The intrinsic characteristics of the materials that make up a monumental structure and affect the two properties (i.e., reflectivity, longitudinal velocity) through the above methods substantially differ. Consequently, the content of their information is mainly complementary rather than redundant.</p><p>In this study we present the integrated application of different non-destructive techniques i.e., Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP), and low frequency (24 KHz) ultrasonic tomography complemented by petrographycal analysis based essentially on Optical Microscopy (OM). This integrated methodology has been applied to a Carrara marble column of the <em>Basilica of San Saturnino</em>, in Byzantine-Proto-Romanesque style, which is part of the Paleo Christian complex of the V-VI century. This complex also includes the adjacent Christian necropolis in the square of <em>San Cosimo</em> in the city of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. The column under study is made of bare material dating back probably to the first century A.D., it was subjected to various traumas due to disassembly and transport to the site, including damage caused by the close blast of a WWII fragmentation bomb.</p><p>High resolution 3D modelling of the studied artifact was computed starting from the integration of proximal sensing techniques such as CRP based on Structure from Motion (SfM), with which information about the geometrical anomalies and reflectivity of the investigated marble column surface was obtained. On the other hand, the inner parts of the studied body were successfully inspected in a non-invasive way by computing the velocity pattern of the ultrasonic signal through the investigated materials using 3D ultrasonic tomography. This technique gives information on the elastic properties of the material related with mechanical properties and a number of factors, such as presence of fractures, voids, and flaws. Extracting information on such factors from the elastic wave velocity using 3D tomography provides a non-invasive approach to analyse the property changes of the inner material of the ancient column. The integrated application of <em>in situ</em> CRP and ultrasonic techniques provides a full 3D high resolution model of the investigated artifact. This model enhanced by the knowledge of the petrographic characteristics of the materials, improves the diagnostic process and affords reliable information on the state of conservation of the materials used in the construction processes of the studied monumental structure. The integrated use of the non-destructive techniques described above also provides suitable data for a possible restoration and future preservation.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Acknowledgments: </strong>This work was partially supported by FIR (Fondi integrativi per la Ricerca) funded by the University of Cagliari (Italy). The authors would also like to thank the Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali. Polo Museale della Sardegna and Arch. Alessandro Sitzia for their kind permission to work on the <em>San Saturnino Basilica</em>.</p>

Characterization of the new mobile confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (CXRF) system for in situ non-destructive cultural heritage analysis at the CNA: μXRF-CONCHA

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilian Laclavetine ◽  
Francisco J. Ager ◽  
Joaquin Arquillo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Respaldiza ◽  
Simona Scrivano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

Non-Destructive Testing for Assessing Structural Damage and Interventions Effectiveness for Built Cultural Heritage Protection

2015 ◽  
pp. 178-229
Author(s):  
Antonia I. Moropoulou ◽  
Kyriakos C. Labropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Residual Properties ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Correlate Data

Non-destructive techniques - NDT are used in the field of built cultural heritage protection, as they are applied in-situ and do not require destructive sampling. Infrared thermography is used for materials/decay mapping, assesses the compatibility and effectiveness of restoration materials and interventions, and reveals moisture transfer phenomena within structures. Ultrasonic testing assesses the residual properties of historic materials, reveals the decay layers and evaluates the effectiveness of consolidation treatments. Ground penetrating radar reveals the internal structure of masonries, identifies and locates subsurface voids, structural cracks and incontinuities. Portable imaging systems, in conjunction with digital image processing, are used for in-situ materials characterization, and for the study of the decay typologies. Data management systems correlate data from NDTs, from other methods and from seismic/environmental impact assessment analyses to evaluate the preservation state of a historic structure and to plan interventions.

Examples of the Use of Non-Invasive Techniques for the Evaluation of Stone Decay in Portugal

2013 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia Dionísio ◽  
Edite Martinho ◽  
Carlos Grangeia ◽  
Fernando Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Stone Decay ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Damage Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Today experts agree that precise damage diagnosis is the key to comprehensive characterization, interpretation, rating and prediction of stone damage. It provides vital information for monument conservation and sustainable preservation. Better understanding of the stones used in monuments and the factors, processes and characteristics involved in stone decay is therefore essential to the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage. A frequent and major obstacle to studying stone decay in monuments is the impossibility of touching or obtaining samples for study in the laboratory or even in-situ. The aim of this paper is to present the results of three non-invasive geophysical (3-D electrical resistivity and seismic refraction) and geochemical (soluble salts typology and distribution) techniques, that were used to diagnose stone damage in case studies involving Portuguese cultural heritage. Different techniques were applied based on decay typology or observed phenomena.

scholarly journals Research for the conservation of cultural heritage in the context of the circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
DORINA CAMELIA ILIEȘ ◽  
MIHAELA-CRISTINA LITE ◽  
LILIANA INDRIE ◽  
FLORIN MARCU ◽  
CĂLIN MOȘ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Material Defects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
Fiber Breaks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

The heritage woven objects could be analyzed for defects hidden to the naked eye using non-invasive and non-destructive ultrasonography techniques. Ultrasonography is able to offer information about altered areas, such as gasps, interruptions, discontinuances, narrowed areas, fiber breaks, different densities of the material, defects caused by natural or anthropic factors: improper storage and exposure conditions, the presence of microorganisms and traces of their activity, mechanical causes etc. By recycling of the cotton fibers from other decrepit materials, which are not directly usable, the recondition and rendition of the national and world cultural heritage of these refurbished objects would be accomplished. The impact on the environment is diminished compared to the case when new cotton fibers are created.

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